(英语语法)四种完成时态 16页

LESSONEIGHT四种完成时态主系表现在：Youarerich.过去：Youwererich.将来：Youwillberich.过去将来：Youwouldberich.Therebe现在：Thereisabookonthedesk.过去：Therewasabookonthedesk.将来：Therewillbeabookonthedesk.过去将来：Therewouldbeabookonthedesk.主谓宾状现在：YoustudyEnglishintheschool.过去时：YoustudiedEnglishintheschool.将来时:YouwillstudyEnglishintheschool.YouaregoingtostudyEnglish.YouaretostudyEnglish.YouareabouttostudyEnglish过去将来：YouwouldstudyEnglishintheschoYouweregoingtostudyEnglish.YouweretostudyEnglish.16 YouwereabouttostudyEnglish.YouarestudyingEnglish.YouwerestudyingEnglish.YouwillbestudyingEnglish.YouwoudbestudyingEnglish.课堂练习1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬bitbite你吗？4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗？8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗?10：你知道昨天晚上7点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。课堂答案1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？Doyouknowwhyyourteacher’sfatherbeathim16 yesterday?2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？Doyouknowhowtheprettygirlofyourclassbecomesthebeststudents?3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬bitbite你吗？Doyouknowwhythedogofhisfamilybityouyesterday?4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.Yesterday,mymotheraskedmewhereIwasgoingtostudyEnglish.5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？Doyouknowhowmanybookstherewereinthelibraryofyourschoolyesterday?6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？Doyouknowwhenhisfatherdied?7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗？Doyouknowwhythemouselovesrice?8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？Doyouknowhowmanybooksyourteacherisgoingtowritenestyear?9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗?Doyouknowwhereyourteacherishavinglunch?10：你知道昨天晚上7点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？Doyouknowwhatyourfatherandmotherwere16 doinginthelivingroomathalfpast7yesterday?11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。Thedoctortoldmethathewashelpinginthehospital.四种完成时态▲完成时态的构成句型时态主系表主谓宾现在完成have(has)beenhave(has)done过去完成hadbeenhaddone将来完成willhavebeenwillhavedone过去将来完成wouldhavebeenwouldhavedone▲现在完成时态的基本用法1.表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。16 应该明确现在完成时态属于现在时态的范畴。它所强调的不是过去发生的动作，而是对现在产生的结果和影响。否则用一般过去时态就够了。请看下面的对话。●A－WewillsendsomeonetoAmerica.我们要派一个人去美国。B－Ihavebeenthere.我去过美国。=IwasthereandIknowthecountryverywell.Wouldyousendmethere?我去过那儿，很了解那个国家。能派我去吗？C－Ihavenotbeenthere.我还没去过那儿呢。=Ididn’tgotoAmerica.Itismyturn.我没去过。这次该我了。上面对话的前提是大家都抢着去美国。所以B用现在完成时态是想说明自己有经验，派他去好。而C用现在完成时态是说自己没去过，轮也该轮到他了。两句都是强调对现在产生的影响。Didyouhavelunch?Haveyouhadlunch?DidyoustudyEnglish?HaveyoustudiedEnglish?Laochangdied?Laochanghasdied?16 Whowasherer?Whohasbeenhere?Haveyoudoneyourhomework2.表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。通常用于持续性较强的动词，例如：live,study,waitfor,be等等，并且常常与since,for连用，since给出的是过去的一个时间点，如since1958,而for往往给出的是一个时间段，如forthreeyears。●HehasstudiedEnglishforeightyears.●Since1980,theyhaveknowneachother.注：完成时态表示延续的用法不可跟非延续动词连用，如：die,go,leave,receive等。请看下面例句：╳Hisfatherhasdiedforthreeyears.●Hisfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.第一句是错的。“死”这个动作不可能延续。但一种状态却可以延续。第二句用主系表句型是对的。▲过去完成时态，将来完成时态和过去将来完成时态学习完成时态应注意，所有完成时态在“态”16 的概念上是一样的，现在完成时态、过去完成时态、将来完成时态、过去将来完成时态所不同的只是时间上的概念。所以我们只要掌握现在完成时态，然后在时间上向过去推便是过去完成时态，向将来推便是将来完成时态。3完成时态在主从句中的用法完成时态除上面讲到的两种基本用法之外，在主从句中通常可以用来表示主句与从句动作发生的先后次序。●Doyouknowhehasfinishedhishomework?现在完成时态“hasfinished”表示发生在一般现在时态“know”之前。●Iheardhehadboughtanewcar.过去完成时态“hadbought”表示发生在过去时态“heard”之前。现在完成时态“havehadsupper”强调吃过饭之后，即强调从句动作发生在主句之前。从上面几个例句可以看出，在主从句中现在完成时态往往表示发生在另一个现在时态的动作之前，而过去完成时态则表示发生在另一个过去时态的动作之前。请注意下面的例句：16 以上简单地介绍了在主从句中完成时态的用法。请同学们在做练习时多加注意。一、完成下列句子。1.Hesaid（他从未去过西藏Tibet）.2.（他从未给我写过信）sinceheleftBeijing.3.Hesaid（他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera）.4.Ihope（雨会在明天中午前停下来）.5.Bytheendofthatyear（他已集了一千多张中国邮票）.6.Ireallydon’tknow（他是否已经到了实验室laboratory）.7.Theboyknowsthathemustbebraverandfirmer（在他经历了这样的事情之后）.8.Icouldnotrememberwhether（他已经付了字典钱）.9.I’mafraidI（到时还没有找到正确的答案）.10.Don’tworry.BeforeIgethomeI（就会把这件事全忘光的）.二、完成下列句子。1．HesaidthathehadneverbeentoTibet.（他从未去过西藏Tibet）.2．Hehasn’twrittentome（他从未给我写过信）sinceheleftBeijing.3．Hesaidthathewouldhavedonewith(haveused)16 mycamerabytheendofnextmonth.（他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera）.4．Ihopethattherainwillhavestoppedbytomorrownoon.（雨会在明天中午前停下来）.5．BytheendofthatyearhehadcollectedmorethanathousandChinesestamps.（他已集了一千多张中国邮票）.6．Ireallydon’tknowwhetherhehasgottothelaboratoryornot.他是否已经到了实验室laboratory）.7．Theboyknowsthathemustbebraverandfirmerafterhehasexperiencedsuchathing.（在他经历了这样的事情之后）.Hasgonethrough8．Icouldnotrememberwhetherhehadpaidforthedictionary.（他已经付了字典钱）9．I’mafraidIwon’thavegotthecorrectanswerbythen.（到时还没有找到正确的答案）.10.Don’tworry.BeforeIgethomeIwillhaveforgottenallaboutthematter.（就会把这件事全忘光的）.一、完成下列句子。1.Hesaid（他从未去过西藏Tibet）.2.（他从未给我写过信）sinceheleftBeijing.3.Hesaid16 （他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera）.1.Ihope（雨会在明天中午前停下来）.2.Bytheendofthatyear（他已集了一千多张中国邮票）.3.Ireallydon’tknow（他是否已经到了实验室laboratory）.4.Theboyknowsthathemustbebraverandfirmer（在他经历了这样的事情之后）.5.Icouldnotrememberwhether（他已经付了字典钱）.6.I’mafraidI（到时还没有找到正确的答案）.7.Don’tworry.BeforeIgethomeI（就会把这件事全忘光的）.二、时态选择。（该题全部取自于全国高考原卷）1.—Whatdoyouwant______thoseoldboxes?—ToputthingsinwhenImovetothenewflat.A.byB.forC.ofD.with2.—hestartatonceorwaitforawhile?—Lethimstartatonce.A．WillB．WouldC．DoesD．Shall3.Ican’ttellyouifittomorrow.A．willrainB．rainsC．shallrainD．doesrain4.DidyouwatchtheplayonCCTV1lastnight?Itwasreallygood.—No,Ididn"t._____?—“TeaHouse”.A.WhatwasitB.What"sonC.WhatwasitaboutD.Howaboutit5.—Canyougivemetherightanswer?—Sorry,I_______．Wouldyourepeatthatquestion?A．hadn’tlistenedB．haven’tlistenedC．don’tlistenD．wasn’tlistening16 1.Ipromisedtogettherebefore5o’clock,butnowtherainispouringdown．They_______formeimpatiently．A．maywaitB．oughttowaitC．couldwaitD．mustbewaiting2.—Haven"tseenyouforages!DoyoustillworkinFuzhou?—_____.It"stwoyearssinceIworkedthere.A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,IdoC.No,Ihaven"tD.No,Idon"t3.Goodbye,Peter,remembermetoyourparents.—______.A.It"sverykindofyoutosaysoB.Thanks,IwillC.YouaresokindD.Thanks,whatagoodidea4.Youaretalkingtoomuch.—Onlyathome.Noone______mebutyou.A.ishearingB.hadheardC.hearsD.heard5.—Wewantsomeonetodesignthenewartmuseumforus.—theyoungfellowhaveatry?A.MayB.ShallC.WillD.Need6.IwonderwhyJenny________usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn"twrittenB.doesn"twriteC.won"twriteD.hadn"twritten7.Ididn"tlikeauntLucy,who_____withoutwarningandpresentingA.alwaysturnedupB.hasalwaysturnedupC.wasalwaysturnedupD.wasalwaysturningup8.—HasTommyfinishedhishomeworkyet?—Ihavenoidea;heitthismorning.16 A.wasdoingB.hadbeendoingC.hasdoneD.did1.Thelittlegirl______herheartoutbecauseshe______hertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried;lostB.cried;hadlostC.hascried;haslostD.cries;haslost2.—Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?—Oh,I’mterriblysorry_____________.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnotice3.—Doyouknowyourtownatall?—No,thisisthefirsttimeI_______here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming4.I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.--Oh,notatall.I___________hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe5.—__________myglasses?—Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen6.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I______herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet7.—WhoisJerryCooper?—________?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyoumethimyetC.Didn’tyoumeethimyetD.Haven’tyoumethimyet8.Helen______herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.16 A.hasleft;comeB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.left;came1.Howlong________eachotherbeforethey_____married?—Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;weregoingtogetC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;got二、时态选择。（该题全部取自于全国高考原卷）1.—Whatdoyouwant______thoseoldboxes?—ToputthingsinwhenImovetothenewflat.A.byB.forC.ofD.with1.Ddosthwithsthorwantsthwithsth意思是用什么东西或要什么东西做什么。2.—______hestartatonceorwaitforawhile?—Lethimstartatonce.A．WillB．WouldC．DoesD．Shall2.D．Shallshall表示征求对方意见。3.Ican’ttellyouifittomorrow.A．willrainB．rainsC．shallrainD．doesrain3.A．willrain表示将来发生的事。4.DidyouwatchtheplayonCCTV1lastnight?Itwasreallygood.—No,Ididn"t._____?—“TeaHouse”.A.WhatwasitB.What"sonC.WhatwasitaboutD.Howaboutit4.B.What"son意思是演的是什么。5.—Canyougivemetherightanswer?—Sorry,I_______．Wouldyourepeatthatquestion?A．hadn’tlistenedB．haven’tlistenedC．don’tlistenD．wasn’tlistening5.D．wasn’tlistening表示刚才一瞬间，所以要用过去进行时。16 1.Ipromisedtogettherebefore5o’clock,butnowtherainispouringdown．They_______formeimpatiently．A．maywaitB．oughttowaitC．couldwaitD．mustbewaiting6.D．mustbewaitingmustbeormustdo都可以表示对目前的推测。该话应译成：想必他们等我等的不耐烦了。MustbemustbedoingMusthavebeenMusthavedone2.—Haven"tseenyouforages!DoyoustillworkinFuzhou?—_____.It"stwoyearssinceIworkedthere.A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,IdoC.No,Ihaven"tD.No,Idon"t7.D.No,Idon"tIt"stwoyearssinceIworkedthere.此句应译成我已经有两年没在那里工作了。3.Goodbye,Peter,remembermetoyourparents.—______.A.It"sverykindofyoutosaysoB.Thanks,IwillC.YouaresokindD.Thanks,whatagoodidea8.B.Thanks,Iwill。在答应别人时应该用will表示坚决。4.Youaretalkingtoomuch.—Onlyathome.Noone______mebutyou.A.ishearingB.hadheardC.hearsD.heard9.C.hears表示事实用一般时。5.—Wewantsomeonetodesignthenewartmuseumforus.—theyoungfellowhaveatry?A.MayB.ShallC.WillD.Need10.B.Shallshall表示征求对方的意见。haveatry试一试，havealook看一看。6.IwonderwhyJenny________usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn"twrittenB.doesn"twriteC.won"twriteD.hadn"twritten11.A.hash"twritten因为recently表示过去延续到现在，应用过去完成时。16 1.Ididn"tlikeauntLucy,who_____withoutwarningandpresentingA.alwaysturnedupB.hasalwaysturnedupC.wasalwaysturnedupD.wasalwaysturningup12.D.wasalwaysturningup,---bealwaysdoing表示不满。例如MywifeisalwayswatchingTV.我的妻子总是看电视。Turnup意思是出现。该句应译成：我不喜欢我的婶子路西总不打招呼也不带礼物就突然出现。2.—HasTommyfinishedhishomeworkyet?—Ihavenoidea;heitthismorning.A.wasdoingB.hadbeendoingC.hasdoneD.did13.A.wasdoingthismorning表示一个很短的过去时间，用过去进行时。3.Thelittlegirl______herheartoutbecauseshe______hertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried;lostB.cried;hadlostC.hascried;haslostD.cries;haslost14.B.cried;hadlost,cryone’sheartout哭得很伤心。在主从句中过去完成时表示动作发生在一般过去时之前，现在完成时是指动作发生在一般现在时之前。强调主从句的时间差。4.—Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?—Oh,I’mterriblysorry_____________.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnotice15.B表示过的动作短暂用过去进行时。5.—Doyouknowyourtownatall?—No,thisisthefirsttimeI_______here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming16.B从过到现在的经历用现在完成时。6.I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.--Oh,notatall.I___________hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe17.A过去的状态持续到现在用现在完成时。16 1.—__________myglasses?—Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen18.D过去的动作对现在产生的影响用现在完成时2.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I______herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet19.B从过到现在的经历用现在完成时。3.—WhoisJerryCooper?—________?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyoumethimyetC.Didn’tyoumeethimyetD.Haven’tyoumethimyet20.D过去的动作对现在产生的影响用现在完成时。4.Helen______herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comeB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.left;came21.C动作发生在过去的过去，强调时间差用过去完成时。5.Howlong________eachotherbeforethey_____married?—Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;weregoingtogetC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;got22.D动作发生在过去的过去，强调时间差用过去完成时。16