《高中英语语法大全》时态和语态及练习（附答案） 13页

《高中英语语法大全》第08章时态和语态汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种，而且重点测试完成时态。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do,be,have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often,always,fromtimetotime 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。Heusuallygoestoworkat7o’clockeverymorning.ShehasabrotherwholivesinNewYork. Theearthgoesaroundthesun.GuangzhouissituatedinthesouthofChina.考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,theday; 条件：if,unless,provided.Ifheacceptsthejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.考点三：在makesure(certain),seetoit,mind,care,matter ＋宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Solongasheworkshard,Idon’tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment. 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。考点四：在themore…themore…(越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 Theharderyoustudy,thebetterresultsyouwillget.2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 WearehavingEnglishclass.Thehouseisbeingbuiltthesedays. Thelittleboyisalwaysmakingtrouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。　Lookoutwhenyouarecrossingthestreet. Don"twakehimupifheisstillsleepingat7tomorrowmorning.考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。MarryisleavingonFriday.3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：考点一：for+ 时间段；since+ 时间点TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears. TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.IhavelearnedEnglishfortenyears. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately;recently,just,already,yet,uptonow;tillnow;sofar,thesedays,  Hasitstoppedrainingyet? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days；overthepastfewyears;duringthelastthreemonths;forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies;throughouthistory 等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “Itisthebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名词 ＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina. ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.Thatistheonlybookthathehaswritten.4．一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday;lastweek;in1945,atthattime;once;duringthewar;before;afewdaysago;when, 注意：考点一：usedto+do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。be/become/getusedto+doing，表示习惯于Heusedtosmokealot.Hehasgotusedtogettingupearly.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。Hepromisedtobuymeacomputerifhegotaraise 5. 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork. Hewastakingawalkleisurelybythelakewhenheheardsomeoneshoutedforhelp.Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?Theradiowasbeingrepairedwhenyoucalledme.6. 过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 (before,after,by,uptill)  Therehadbeen25parksinourcityuptill2000. Bytheendoflasttermwehadfinishedthebook. Theyfinishedearlierthanwehadexpected.考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when;nosooner...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanthetelephonerang. （注意主谓倒装）考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。　Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.Itwas3yearssincewehadparted。考点三：动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。 IhadhopedthatIcoulddothejob.IhadintendedtoseeyoubutIwastoobusy.7. 一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow,nextyear,in2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。Beijingwillhostthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：Wewillbeginourclassassoonastheteachercomes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。IamleavingforBeijingtomorrow.考点三：“祈使句 +and/or+ 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.考点四：“am(is,are)goingto+ 动词原形”表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am(is,are)aboutto+动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。“am(is,are)to+ 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。TheyaretobemarriedinthisMay.8、将来进行时　表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。I’llbedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。ThePresidentwillbemeetingtheforeigndelegationattheairport.9、将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：bytheendofthisyear,by8o’clockthisevening,byMarchnextyear以及由bythetime…,before或when等引导的副词从句。Bytheendofnextmonth,hewillhavetraveled1000milesonfoot.Bythetimeyoureachthestation,thetrainwillhaveleft.BynextTuesday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexams.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。Thechildrenwilldotheirhomeworkthemomenttheyhavearrivedbackfromschool.☆高考很可能还会涉及过去将来时，现在完成进行时，请注意了解。10. 动词的语态一般用于强调受者， 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 cometrue,consistof,takeplace,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,breakout,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed Ittookplacebeforeliberation. 考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well,quite,easily,badly等副词连用。lock( 锁 );wash( 洗 );sell( 卖 );read( 读 );wear( 穿 );blame(责备)；ride(乘坐)； write( 写 )； Glassbreakseasily. 玻璃容易破碎。 Thecarridessmoothly. 这车走起来很稳。Thecaselockseasily. 这箱子很好锁。 Thebooksellswell. 这本书很畅销。考点三：一些常用经典被动句型： Itissaid…,Itisreported…,Itiswidelybelieved…， Itisexpected…,Itisestimated…, 这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”，“人们认为……”，而 “以前人们认为……” 则应该说：Itwasbelieved…,Itwasthought… 动词时态和语态练习：1.WhenIsawMary,she______onthepiano.A.isplayingB.playsC.wasplayingD.played2.She______thedoorbeforeshegoesaway.A.hadlockedB.islockingC.haslocked.D.waslocking.3.Ahunterisamanwho______animals.A.catchB.catchesC.willcatchD.wascatching4.What_____ifIdrinkthis?A.happensB.ishappeningC.willhappenD.ishappened5.IwillvisityouifFather______me.A.letB.letsC.islettingD.willlet6.Lookout!Thattree_____falldown.A.isgoingtoB.willbeC.shallD.would7.Myuncle_____toseeme.He"llbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.came8.Theycan"tleaveuntilthey_____theirwork.A.didB.aredoingC.havedoneD.hasdone9."Hasheseenthisfilm?""Yes.He______itseveraldaysago."A.sawB.hasseenC.hadseenD.wasseeing10.NowMikeisn"there.He______MrGreen"s.Perhapshe______backinafewminutes.A.wentto;iscomingB.hasgoneto;willcomeC.hasbeento;willbeD.isgoingto;hascome11.Thatdayhe._______hisclothesbeforehecametoseeme.A.haswashedB.washedC.hadbeenwashingD.waswashed12.Ihaven"tfinishedmycomposition.I______fortwohoursandahalf.A.havewrittenitB.havebeenwritingitC.wroteitD.amwrittingit 13.IwilltakemydaughterwithmewhenI_____ShangHai,A.gotoB.willgotoC.havebeentoD.havegoneto14.Thisbrightgirl______thetruthinfrontoftheenemy.A.didn"tsayB.couldn"tspeaktoC.saidD.didn"ttell15.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuiltB.builtC.wassetupD.hadbeenbuilt16."When______schoolbegin?""NextMonday."A.hasB.doesC.didD.isgoingto17.Iwill______heretillyougivemesomemoney.A.leaveB.notleaveC.comeD.return18.I_____heresinceImovedhere.A.willworkB.workedC.workD.havebeenworking19.EverytimeI_____there,Iwillbuyhimsomethingnice.A.wentB.willgoC.goD.havegone20.Itwassaidthathisfather______.A.hasdiedB.died.C.hasbeendeadD.haddied21.Wewon"tgounlessyou______soon.A.hadcomeB.cameC.willcomeD.come22._____sixyearssinceIbeganstudyingEnglish.A.TheyhavebeenB.itisC.ItwasD.Thereare23.They______theSummerPalacethreetimes.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havebeeninD.havegoneinto24."Howlonghaven"tweseeneachother?""Well,it_____nearlytwoyearssincewe______last."A.is/havemetB.was/hadmetC.is/metD.hasbeen/hadmet25."Haveyouseentheartexhibition?""No,_____there."A.itwasnotbeingheldB.theydidn"tholdC.ithadnotheldD.theywereholdingit26.Don"tgetoffthebusuntilit______.A.stopB.willstopC.stoppedD.hasstopped 27."Where______therecorder?Ican"tseeitanywhere.""I_____itrighthere.Butnowit"sgone."A.didyouput/haveputB.haveyouput/putC.hadyouput/wasputtingD.wereyouputting/haveput28.Theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.Isaidthatitwas10yearssinceI______agooddrink.A.hadenjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.enjoyedD.hadbeenenjoying29.Don"tcometonight.Iwouldratheryou_____tomorrow.A.comeB.cameC.willcomeD.coming30.______you______?A.Do/marryB.Have/marriedC.Have/beenmarriedD.Are/married31.Whenhe______allthenewspapers,he"llgohome.A.sellsB.hassoldC.willhavesoldD.willbesold32."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.""Ok.I"lltakeit."A.washes/lastsB.iswashed/lastedC.washes/islastedD.iswashing/lasting33."Hurryup,you______onthephone.""Oh,I"mcoming.Thankyou."A.arewantedB.arebeingwantedC.wantD.arewanting34.I______seeyou,butIdidn"t,forIhadnotime.A.hadwantedtoB.haswantedtoC.wantedD.waswanted35.I______inGuangZhouforsixyearsbythisOctober.A.havelivedB.waslivingC.willbelivingD.shallhavelived36.Bythistimenextyearhe______fromthecollege.A.willbegraduatingB.shouldbegraduatingC.willhavegraduatedD.isgraduating37.Ourteachertoldusthattheearth_____fromwesttoeast.A.turnsB.turnC.hasturnedD.hadturned38.Mybrother_____whilehe_____hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasridingB.fell/wereridingC.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding39.Billsaidhe____twenty-onethenextyear. A.wasgoingtobeB.wasabouttobeC.couldbeD.wastobe40.Itishightimeyou_____inbednow.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbe41.Afterawhileanagreement_____.A.wasarrivedatB.wasarrivedinC.wasarrivedD.hasbeenarrived42.TheairlinerfromBeijing_____at3:00p.m.A.isabouttoarriveB.hasarrivedC.arrivesD.isgoingtoarrive43.______,thatstepisnotsafe!A.LookaroundB.LookupC.LookoutD.Lookdown44."Haveyou_____himtogiveupsmoking?""No.I_____,buthewouldn"tlisten."A.persuaded/triedB.tried/persuadedC.tried/triedD.persuaded/persuaded45.Theresearchlaboratoryisgoingto______thenewtypeofcomputertouse.A.takeB.makeC.putD.send46.Idon"tknowwhenhe______,butwhenhe______,I"llletyouknow.A.willcome/comesB.comes/willcomeC.comes/comesD.willcome/willcome47.Howmuchdoyouthinkthatvase_____?A.iscostB.usedC.waspaidforD.cost48.I_____thathewouldbeabletoleavetomorrow,butit"sbeginningtolookdiffcult.A.hopeB.hadhopedC.hopedD.amhoping49.“Comeon,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.”“Oh,howniceofyou,I_____you_____tobringmeagift.”A.neverthink/aregoingB.neverthought/weregoingC.didn’tthink/aregoingD.hadn’tthought/weregoing50.It’saniceflat,butit_____aproperbathroom.A.haven’tgotB.hasn’tgotC.wouldn’tgetD.doesn’thavegot51.Shehadashockwhensheheardthenews,_____?A.hadn’tsheB.didn’tsheC.wouldn’tsheD.won’tshe52.Thisliquid_____thesaltatroomtemperature. A.becamemixedwithB.wasmixedbyC.mixeswithD.hasbeenmixingby53.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek.A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD.willhold54.I"msorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn"treadyyet.It_____inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepairedD.hasn"trepaired55.Everypossiblemeans,butnoneprovesuccessful.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried56._______thattheycanpassthewrittenexamthistime.A.ThatishopedB.ItishopedC.ThathopesD.Ithopes57.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch.----Mywatch_____bymylittlesister.A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbrokenD.hasbeenbroken58.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.----Hisroom_____byhimwhenIenteredtheroom.A.wasbeingcleanedB.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned59.IshallhaveFinishedreadingthenovelbydinnertime.----Thisnovel_____reading(byme)bydinnertime.A.willhavefinished.B.willhasbeenfinishedC.willhavebeingfinishedD.willhavebeenfinished60.Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean.----Thesethreerooms______(byyou).A.areoughtedtokeepcleanB.oughttokeptcleanC.oughttobekeptcleanD.oughttohavebeenkeptclean61.Youareabouttowriteapoem,aren"tyou?----Apoem_____(byyou),_____?A.isabouttobewritten,aren"tyouB.isabouttobewriting,isn’titC.isabouttobewriting,aren"tyouD.isabouttobewritten,isn’tit62.Shehadbetterleaveanotetohim.----Anote_____tohim(byher).A.hadbetterleftB.hadbebetterleftC.hadbetterbeleftD.hadbetterbeenleft63.Hedoesn"tdohishomeworkeveryday.----Hishomework______byhimeveryday. A.doesn"tbedoneB.aren"tdoneC.don"tbedoneD.isn’tdone64.Wemusttakecareofourparentswhentheyareold.----Ourparents______whentheyareold.A.mustbetakencareB.mustbetookcarsC.musttakecareofD.mustbetakencareof65.Peoplelookdownuponhimbecauseheisaliar.----He_____becauseheisaliar.A.islookeddownB.islookeddownuponC.looksdownuponD.looksdown66.Fatherwillgivemeadictionaryonmybirthday.----Adictionary______mebyFatheronmybirthday.A.shallbegiventoB.willgiveC.shallgivetoD.willbegivingto67.Weelectedherleader.----Shebyus.A.iselectedleaderB.wasleaderelectedC.waselectedleaderD.leaderwaselected68.----Peoplewholivealongthisroadreceivetheirmailintheseboxes.----Whyareallofthe______?A.greypaintedmailboxesB.mailboxesgreypaintedC.mailboxespaintedgreyD.paintedgreymailboxes69.Isawhimentertheroom.----He______theroom.A.isseenenterB.isseentoenterC.wasseentoenterD.wasseenenter70.Thequestionaskedbyhimishard_____.A.toanswerB.tobeansweredC.tobeansweringD.foranswer71.Howsweetthemusic______!A.soundstobeB.issoundedC.issoundedtobeD.sounds72.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeat______long.A.don"tkeepB.cannotbekeptC.arenotkeptD.arenotkeeping73.Hereceivedatelegram___"MotherSick."A.writtenB.saidC.readingD.writing74.Theclassroom______30feetlong.A.measuresB.ismeasuredC.hasD.haslength 75.Doyouremember______?A.howitisdoneB.ithowtobedoneC.HowisitdonebyD.howtodo76.tohavebeenrich.A.TheysayB.ItissaidC.HeissaidD.Thatwassaid77.Mathematicsisdifficult______.A.tolearnB.forlearningC.tobelearnedD.oflearning78.MyhairissolongthatImustgotoabarber"sshopand______.A.havetocutitB.haveitcutC.getittobecutD.tocutit79.Thepencil______well.A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing80.----Ican"tseetheblackboardverywell.----Perhapsyouneed______.A.toexamineyoureyesB.tohaveyoureyesexaminedC.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.tobeexaminedyoureyes81.----Whereisthecoffeetable?----Tomjusthadit____away.A.moveB.movingC.movedD.moves82.Goodmedicine______tothemouth.A.tastesbitterB.tastesbitterlyC.istastedbitterD.istastedbitterly83.Whichgirlwontheprize?_____A.Bywhichgirlistheprizewon?B.Whichgirlwastheprizewon?C.Bywhichgirldidshewintheprize?D.Bywhichgirlwastheprizewon?84.---Wheredidyougetthathandsomepicture?----Itwas_____bymyfather.A.givenforusB.agifttousC.giventousD.agiftforus85.Ayounghenis______achicken.A.namedB.knownC.spelledD.called86.----HowdoesAlmalikehernewwork?----She______withthehour.A.can"tsatisfyB.isn"tsatisfiedC.doesn"tsatisfyD.hasn"tsatisfied87.----WhydoyoucallyoursonMouse?----Hewants______bythename.A.tocallB.tobecalledC.tobecallingD.beingcalled 88.Hisidea,thoughgood,needs______out.A.beingtriedB.totryC.triedD.tobetried89.Themanlivinginthenextdoorisknown_____thepolice.A.withB.toC.byD.of90.Cottonisfirstmade______threadandthenitwaswoven______cloth.A.upof,upofB.into,intoC.of,ofD.from,from91.______herelastnight.A.SomethingstrangewashappenedB.StrangesomethingwashappenedC.SomethingstrangehappenedD.Strangesomethinghappened92.----I"dliketobuythatcoat.----I"msorry,_____.A.itwassoldB.it"ssellingC.it"sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold93.Gunpowderwasdiscoveredinthetwelfthcentury,but_____.A.mandidnotputittouseinwartwohundredyearsliterB.untiltwocenturiesmoreitwasusedinwarC.notusedinwaruntiltwohundredyearslaterD.inwardidnotuseittwohundredyearsafterwards94.Thefive-year-oldgirlbyherparents.A.islookedB.haslookedforC.isbeinglookedforD.hasbeenlooked 练习一、1~5CCBCB6~10ABCAB11~15CBADA16~20BBDCD21~25DBBCA26~30DBABD31~35BAAAD36~40CAAAB41~45ACCAC46~50ADBBB51~52BC练习二、53~55BAB56~60BDADC61~65DCDDB66~70ACCCA71~75DACAA76~80CABAB81~85CADCD86~90BBDBB91~94CCCC