2014中考英语语法知识点总结：句子种类 3页

2014中考英语语法知识点总结：句子种类　　我们都知道，根据句子的使用目的，句子可分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句。疑问句是常考的重点，也是要掌握的难点，这里我们先重点讲一下.　　疑问句中我们只讲一讲难掌握的反意疑问句和特殊疑问句.　　反意疑问句:在陈述句之后附上一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句.如前面陈述句部分是肯定式，后面问句部分一般用是否定式;如前一部分是否定式，后一部分一般用肯定式.前后两部分在人称，数及时态上通常保持一致.如：Youareastudent，aren"tyou?(你是学生，对吗?)　　在祈使句后面用反意疑问句，要注意人称的变化。如：Gotothecinema，willyou?　　在省略的感叹句后面，要注意主语的单复数。　如：Whatfineweather，isn"tit?　　陈述句部分的主语如是I，疑问部分要用aren"tI.　如:I"mastallasyoursister，aren"tI?　　陈述部分用never，hardly，few，nothing,nobody,few,seldom,hardly,little　等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义.如:Heseldomcamehere,didhe?　　陈述句部分的谓语是usedto时，疑问部分用didn"t+主语或usedn"t+主语.　如:Heusedtogotoschoolatseven,didn"the?/usedn"the?　　陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadn"tyou?　如:You"dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn"tyou?　　陈述部分有You"dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn"t+主语.如：You"dliketogowithme,wouldn"tyou?　　主语是everyone，someone，anyone，noone等不定代词时，多用they指代.　如：Everyoneishere，aren"tthey?(所有的人都来了吗?)otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 　　主语是everything，something，anthing，nothing时，用it指代。省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用willyou。如:Don"tdothatagain,willyou?注意Let"s开头的祈使句，后用shallwe?Letus开头的祈使句，后用willyou?　　陈述部分是"therebe"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。如:Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn"tthere?　　特殊疑问句:注意疑问词howmanyhowmuch,howoften,howold,howlong,what,whattime,whatday,whatcolour,which,when,who,whose等疑问词的用法。本讲主要讲一下感叹句,祈使句,再顺便提一下强调句.　　感叹句注意事项：　　感叹句往往由what和how引导。至于what和how的区别则是再好辨别不过了。跟我背一背下面的顺口溜,感叹句你就不再陌生了.　　感叹句用法很简单,How和What放句前,How与形、副词类连,What后面名词添.主语谓语不用变,省掉它们也常见.当然，what感叹句和how感叹句有时可以互相转换。当What修饰单数可数名词时，如果这一名词有形容词修饰，也可用how引导感叹句，但不定冠词a或an需放在形容词之后。如：Whatalargefactory=Howlargeafactoryitis!　　祈使句:祈使句所需注意的是：含有第二人称的祈使句的否定句用don"t.含有第一、第三人称的祈使句的否定句用Let+not+动词原形或Don"tlet+第三人称代词的宾格或名词。　　下面稍微提一下常考的强调句：我们学过的强调句是it引导的句子。记住：强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用"who"，其余用"that".句式是：Itis(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。判断一个句子是否是强调句，只需看去掉Itbe…that是否还是一个完整的句子。　　看下面例题：　　Itistwentyyears___MissFengreturnedtoChina.　　A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.asotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 　　答案C.本题易误选为A(that).其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉Itbe…that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉"Itis...that"，只剩下tenyearsMissFengreturnedtoChina.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand