初中英语语法(1--2) 12页

初中一年级英语语法本文为你提供的是初一英语语法大全，其中包括1，名词，代词，形容词，动词，冠词；一般现在，将来时。初一的语法知识包括：主要掌握几种时态1，一般现在时2，一般过去时3，一般将来时4，现在进行时还有几种词1，名词2，代词3，形容词4，动词5，冠词初一英语语法一、词法1、名词A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es　如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselvesotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,　orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,　time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉　chickens小鸡十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs十二）特殊形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen　B）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’Day教师节,classmates’;Children’sDay六一节,Women’sDay三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：MikeandBen’sroom迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’sandBen’srooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性　　第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数sheherherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11 itititsitsthisthatitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves3、动词A）第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries　　2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does,goes五）特殊的有：are-is,have-hasB）现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show–showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系　die-dying死　lie-lying位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一）一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter–shortest,taller–tallest,longer–longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largestotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11 二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如：big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest,friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremost　bad/ill–worseworstlittle-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth二、句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句a)Thisisabook.(be动词)b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词)e)There’sacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe结构)否定陈述句a)Thesearen’ttheirbooks.b)Theydon’tlooknice.c)Katedoesn’tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.d)Katecan’tfindherdoll.e)Thereisn’tacathere.(=There’snocathere.)2.祈使句肯定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman.b)Let’slearnEnglish!c)Comein,please.否定祈使句a)Don’tbelate.b)Don’thurry.3.疑问句otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11 1)一般疑问句a)IsJimastudent?　　b)CanIhelpyou?c)Doesshelikesalad?　d)DotheywatchTV?e)Isshereading?肯定回答:a)Yes,heis.b)Yes,youcan.c)Yes,shedoes.d)Yes,theydo.e)Yes,sheis.否定回答:a)No,heisn’t.b)No,youcan’t.c)No,shedoesn’t.d)No,theydon’t.e)No,sheisn’t.2)选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall?　　回答It’sbig./It’ssmall.3)特殊疑问句①　问年龄HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve.②　问种类　Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.③　问身体状况Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine.④　问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K.Howdowecontactyou?Mye-mailaddressiscindyjones@163.com.⑤　问原因　Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?⑥　问时间What’sthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)It’saquartertotena.m..Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfiveo’clock.Whendoyouwanttogo?Let’sgoat7:00.⑦　问地方Where’smybackpack?It’sunderthetable.⑧　问颜色Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue.What’syourfavouritecolor?It’sblack.⑨　问人物Who’sthat?It’smysister.Whoistheboyinblue?Mybrother.Whoisn’tatschool?PeterandEmma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?⑩　问东西What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?It’sapencilcase.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11 Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.11问姓名What’syouraunt’sname?HernameisHelen./She’sHelen.What’syourfirstname?Myfirstname’sBen.What’syourfamilyname?Myfamilyname’sSmith.12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox.13问字母　Whatletterisit?It’sbigD/smallf.14问价格　Howmucharethesepants?They’re15dollars.15问电话号码What’syourphonenumber?It’s576-8349.16问谓语(动作)What’shedoing?He’swatchingTV.17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?I’mateacher.What’syourfather?He’sadoctor.三、时态1、一般现在时　表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be动词：She’saworker.Issheaworker?Sheisn’taworker.情态动词：Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Ican’tplaythepiano.行为动词：Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?Theydon’twanttoeatanytomatoes.Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesn’thaveawatch.2、现在进行时　　表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它.I’mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?I’mnotplayingbaseball.Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisn’twritingaletter.They’relisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?Theyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11 初中二年级语法动词时态的句子结构及关键词:一般现在时:句子结构:肯定句主语+be(am,is,are)+其他否定句主语+benot+其他疑问句Be+主语+其他或:肯定句主语+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语动词要加"s")否定句主语+don"t+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语don"t改为doesn"t)疑问句DO+主语+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语do改为does)关键词:sometimes,often,usually,always,everyday,onSundayafternoon,at10o"clockinthemorning,fivedaysaweek,threetimesamonth等.注:在时间状语从句,条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来时,这时一般从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时现在进行时:句子结构:肯定句主语+be+动词的现在分词+其他否定句主语+benot+动词的现在分词+其他疑问句Be+主语+动词的现在分词+其他关键词:now,rightnow,atthemoment,It"s+几点钟等的句子.或look,listen,keepquiet等提示语.一般将来时:句子结构:肯定句主语+will+动词原型+其他否定句主语+willnot+动词原型+其他疑问句Will+主语+动词原型+其他(will可改为begoingto,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)关键词:tomorrow,tomorrowmorning,atseveno"clocktomorrowevening,nextyear,atteno"clocknextSunday,thisyear,attheendofthisterm,fromnowon,intheyear2008,soon,inafewdays"time,inthefuture等.一般过去时:句子结构:肯定句主语+be(was,were)+其他否定句主语+benot+其他疑问句Be+主语+其他或:肯定句主语+动词的过去式+其他否定句主语+didnot+动词原型+其他疑问句Did+主语+动词原型+其他otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11 关键词:yesterday,yesterdaymorning等,lastweek,lastyear,attheendoflastterm,一段时间+ago如:tenyearsago,fivehoursago,onJanuary1st,2004,inthe1980s等.Justnow,intheolddays,longago,amomentago等.过去进行时:句子结构:肯定句主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他否定句主语+was/werenot+动词的现在分词+其他疑问句Was/Were+主语+动词的现在分词+其他关键词:具体时间+过去的时间壮语如:atteno"clockyesterdaymorning,atthistimelastSunday等.现在完成时:句子结构:肯定句主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(第三人称单数用has)否定句主语+have/hasnot+动词的过去分词+其他疑问句Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他关键词:already,yet,just,ever,never,sofar,for+一段时间,since+过去的时间或过去时从句.或thisyearalone"今年以来",thesefiveyearsalone"这五年以来",inthelasttenyears"在过去的十年中"等.过去将来时:句子结构:肯定句主语+would+动词原型+其他否定句主语+wouldnot+动词原型+其他疑问句Would+主语+动词原型+其他(would可改为was/weregoingto,主语第一人称时would可用should)过去将来时主要用在宾语从句中.过去完成时:句子结构:肯定句主语+had+动词的过去分词+其他否定句主语+hadnot+动词的过去分词+其他疑问句Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他关键词:by+过去某一时间点如:bylastyear,bytheendof+过去某一时间点如:bytheendoflastyear,before+过去某一时间点,bythetime+从句,或宾语从句中最后,请记住:It"snottheendoftheworld,trytolookonthebrightsideofthing,I"msureitwillbeallright.这不是世界末日,试着往事情好的方面看,我确认一切都会好起来.英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态，我们可以从以下方面进行小结：一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）结构：主语+be+过去分词时态：1.一般现在时：am(is,are)done.2.带情态动词的被动语态：must(can,may,should,need,would)bedone3.一般过去时：was(were)done*4.一般将来时：will(shall)bedoneotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11 *5.现在进行时：am(is,are)beingdone6.现在完成时：have(has)beendone二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。1．主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)此结构不可用被动语态。(正)Theflowerssmellsweet.(误)Theflowersaresmeltsweet.2．主语+不及物动词(S+V)此结构不可变被动语态。(正)Anaccidenthappenedlastnight.(误)Anaccidentwashappenedlastnight.3．主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语ChildrenoftensingthissongThissongisoftensungbychildren.（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。Weshouldlistentotheteacherscarefully.Theteachersshouldbelistenedtocarefully.4．主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。Heshowedusapicture.Wewereshownapicture.（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.常用加to的动词give,show,pass,read等常用加for的动词buy,get,make,sing,draw等Apicturewasshowntous.Adictionarywasboughtformebymyparents.5．主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)如动词为make,see,hear,watch等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”。Isawhimfalloffthetree.Hewasseentofalloffthetree.6."be+过去分词"并非都是被动语态，系动词be,feel,seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。I"minterestedinmathematics.我对数学感兴趣。*7.某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。Thewoman"sclothessellwell.女装卖的快。Thisbooksellsbest.这本书很畅销.英语语法大全下载1、所有格：HeisFred"sbestfriend.（-"s）　　2、动词现在时的第三人称单数：Alfredoworks.（-s）　　3、动词过去式：Fredworked.（-ed），但亦有不规则变化。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11 　　4、现在分词／进行时态：Fredisworking.（-ing）（［注］如果动词的末音节为辅音结尾的闭音节，则须双写末辅音，如running）　　5、过去分词：Thecarwasstolen.（-en）；Fredhastalkedtothepolice.（-ed），但亦有不规则变化。　　6、动名词：Workingisgoodforthesoul.（-ing）　　7、名词的复数：Fredhastwoblueeyes.（-s）（［注］如果动词的尾字是s,sh,x,ch，则需加-es，如dishes）　　8、形容词的比较级：FredissmarterthanRick.（-er）形容词末尾加-er，多音节在前面”加more，如"moredifficult"。　　9、形容词的最高级：Fredhasthefastestcar.（-est）形容词末尾加-est，多音节词在前面加most，如"themostdifficult"。　　英语的基本语序为SVO，且基本上不能任意变换语序，除了在少数诗词以外；另一方面，有时英语会使用OSV的语序。（注：S：Subject［主语］；V：Verbalphrase［谓语］；O：Object［宾语］）　　英语中所有的词可分成十大类，每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。这十大词类是：　　一、名　词：表示人或事物的名称的词。　　二、形容词：表示人或事物的特征的词。　　三、副　词：修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。　　四、代　词：是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。　　五、数　词：表示数量和顺序的词。　　六、动　词：表示动作和状态的词。　　七、冠　词：与名词连用，其说明人或事物的作用。　　八、介　词：通常置于名词和代词之前，表示名词和代词与其他词的关系。　　九、连　词：连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词。　　十、感叹词：表示说话人感情或语气的词。英语的时态　　英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。）　　英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。（1）一般现在时　　　基本形式（以do为例）：　　第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）；　　肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他；　　否定句：主语＋don‘t＋动词原形＋其他；　　一般疑问句：Do＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。　　肯定回答：Yes，＋主语＋do．　　否定回答：No，＋主语＋don"t.　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语序（2）一般过去时　　　be动词＋行为动词的过去式otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11 　　was／were＋not；在行为动词前加didn‘t，同时还原行为动词　　was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词（3）一般将来时　　　am／are／is＋goingto＋do　　will／shall＋do　　am/is/are/aboutto+do　　am/is/areto+do　　一般将来时的表达方法　　begoingto+动词原形　　be+不定式,beto+动词原形,beaboutto＋动词原形　　beableto+不定式　　beaboutto+动词原形(4)过去将来时　　　be（was，were）goingto+动词原形　　be（was，were）aboutto+动词原形　　be（was，were）to+动词原形　　肯定句：主语+be（was，were）goingto+动词原形～.　　否定句：主语+be（was，were）notgoingto+动词原形～.　　疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+goingto+动词原形～？　　肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～.　　否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～.　　疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？(5)现在进行时　　　主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式　　第一人称+am+doing+sth　　第二人称+are+doing+sth　　第三人称+is+doing+sth(6)过去进行时　　　肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它　　否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它　　一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它答语：Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn"t.　　特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它(7)将来进行时　　　动词be的将来时+现在分词(8)过去将来进行时　　　should(would)+be+现在分词(9)现在完成时　　　基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)　　①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他　　②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11 　　③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他(10)过去完成时　　基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)　　①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他　　②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他　　③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他　　肯定回答：Yes,主语+had　　否定回答：No,主语+hadn"t　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）　　语法判定:　　（1）by+过去的时间点。如：　　Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo"clocklastnight.　　（2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：　　WehadlearntovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.　　（3）before+过去的时间点。如：　　TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.(11)将来完成时　　　（shall）will+have+动词过去分词　　before+将来时间或by+将来时间　　before或bythetime引导的现在时的从句(12)过去将来完成时　　　should/wouldhavedonesth.(13)现在完成进行时　　　have/hasbeen+-ing分词(14)过去完成进行时　　　hadbeen+-ing分词(15)将来完成进行时　　　主语+shall/willhavebeendoing(16)过去将来完成进行时　　　should+havebeen+现在分词用于第一人称wouldhavebeen+现在分词用于其他人称otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand11