高三英语语法复习定语从句终稿课件 23页

高三英语语法复习定语从句 [内容精讲]一、应该掌握的有关定语从句的知识1、定语从句：一个从句被用来修饰名词或代词，就叫做定语从句。3、定语从句的种类：两种：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。4、限制性定语从句：定语从句与先行词关系密切，没有这个从句主句意义不完整，不能用逗号隔开。2、先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 5、非限制性定语从句：定语从句与先行词关系不密切，一般都用逗号隔开。6、翻译方法：限制性定语从句翻译在先行词前，非限制性定语从句翻译成一个独立的句子。如：1)ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（限制性定语从句）译成汉语：我昨天买的那本书很有趣。2）Mybrother,whoisasoldier,istalkingwithmyteacher.(非限制性定语从句）译成汉语：我哥哥正在和我的老师谈话，他是当兵的。 关系代词修饰成分（从句）省略whichthatwhowhomwhose物人、物人人人、物主、宾语主、宾语主、宾语宾语定语在从句中作宾语时可以省略连接词：关系副词修饰成分（从句）省略whenwherewhy表时间的名词表地点的名词reason在从句中作状语，从句不能缺主语或宾语不可省略各种连接词的具体用法 使用定语从句要注意事项1、限制性定语从句中，关系代词做宾语时可以省略；2、做题中首先要分清主句与从句；3、分析从句中缺少什么成分；4、再看先行词是人，还是物；5、在此基础上，再下结论；6、还要注意关系代词做主语时动词变形跟先行词统一。 e.g.1.Thisisthefan.Iborroweditfrommyclassmate.Thisisthefan___Iborrowedfrommyclassmate.做题思路：1）分清主从句2）分析从句中少什么成分—少宾语限制性定语从句中做宾语可以省略3）分析先行词是人还是物---是物4）结论是that或which也可以省略Thisisthefan_________Iborrowedfrommyclassmate.(that/which)因此？ 以下情况只用which:当关系代词前面有介词时。在非限制性定语从句中。当关系代词后面有插入语时。当一个表物的先行名词后有两个定语从句，且第一个已用that。以下情况只用that:被修饰的先行词为不定代词all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone。先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,just,very修饰时。3.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。4.先行词为基数词时。5.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。6.先行词既有人又有物。7.前已有which。 用that或which填空：1.There’smuch______canbesaidaboutit.2.That’stheveryword______iswronglyused.3.Isthistheroomin______MrWhitelives?4.Thisisthethirdfilm______thathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.5.Themostimportantthing______shouldbedonenowishowtostophimfromgoingon.thatthatwhichthatthat 6.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwo______arestillalive.7.Hermotherwasdead,______madeherverysad.8.HereistheEnglishgrammar______,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.9.Letmeshowyouthenovel___________Iborrowedfromthelibrary______________wasnewlyopentous.10.Thewriterandhisnovel______youhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.thatwhichwhichthat/whichwhich/thatthat 以下情况只能用who:先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指人时。在therebe结构中，主语为人时，其后的定语从句宜用who。表人的先行词有较长的后置定语时。表人的先行词带有两个定语从句，其中一个的关系代词为that，另一个用who避免重复。以下情况只能用whom:当关系代词前面有介词时。用that、who或whom填空:ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisone_____studieshardandworkswell.There’sagentleman_____wantstoseeyou.Imetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoon_____couldspeakChineseverywell.Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitor_____isverymodestandworksveryhard.Ithinkoneshouldstayfaithfultothepersonto_____oneismarried.whowhowhowhowhom whosewhose+表人的名词＝ofwhom+the+表人的名词whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语，其后紧跟名词。whose+表物的名词＝ofwhich+the+表物的名词用正确的形式填空：Thisisthegirl_______walletwasstolenyesterday.Thisisthegirl_______thewalletwasstolenyesterday.Ilikethebook_______coverisred.Ilikethebook_______thecoverisred.whosewhoseofwhomofwhich 介词＋关系代词用正确的介词＋关系代词填空：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson___________shecouldturnforhelp.Hiswalking-stick,___________hecan’twalk,waslostyesterday.Theknife,___________weusetocutthebread,isverysharp.Idon’tthinkthenumberofpeople___________thishappensisverylarge.如何判断是否需要介词或怎样选择介词：当从句不缺主语或宾语时，可考虑用介词＋关系代词。当确定用介词＋关系代词时，介词的选用可考虑与从句中动词的搭配或与先行名词的搭配。towhomwithoutwhichwithwhichtowhom when、where与why用关系代词或关系副词填空：Istillremembertheday_______________IfirstcametoBeijing.Isthistheschool_____________youvisitedlastweek?Ialwaysrememberthetime_____________wespenttogether.Thehospital_____________hermotherisworkingisinthewest.Herefusedtogiveareason_____________wealldemanded,though.Iknowthereason_____________shegotsoangry.当先行名词为表时间、地点、原因（reason）的名词时，如果从句不缺主语或宾语，定语从句的引导词用when,where,why，可以转换为相应的介词+which。常见的不及物动词有：work,happen,stay,live,lie,stand,sit,go,come,fly,run,arrive,laugh,fall,hesitate,last,belong,step;而visit,spend为及物动词。when/onwhichthat/whichthat/whichwhere/inwhichthat/whichwhy/forwhich 用动词的正确形式填空：I,who______(be)astudent,workhardatmystudy.Hetakesexerciseeveryday,which______(do)alotofgoodtohishealth.Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulnovelsthat_________________(publish)since1990.Heistheonlyoneoftheteacherswho______(know)Frenchinourschool.定语从句的谓语动词与从句的主语保持一致。如果关系代词在从句中作主语，定于从句的谓语动词的单复数与它所修饰的名词保持一致。如果先行名词为一个句子，从句的谓语动词用单数。oneofthe+复数名词这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。但the(only)oneofthe+复数名词这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。amdoeshavebeenpublishedknows定语从句的谓语动词 单句改错。下列句子每句只有一处错误。SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome._____________Thosewhohasfinishedmayleavetheclassroom._____________Childreneatalotofsugaroftengetbadteeth._____________Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing._____________themhas—have∧eatwhoinConclusion:在定语从句中加了多余的宾语。把定语从句的谓语动词的单复数形式弄错。省略了定语从句中主语的关系代词。定语从句中加了多余的介词。定于从句中的常见错误 asSuchideas___hethinksofareworthless.A.thatB.asIsawthesamedressinthestore___shehadonthedaybefore.A.thatB.asIfoundthesamepen___Ihadlostthedaybefore.A.thatB.asHewaslateagain,___wehadexpected.A.asB.whichThestreethasn’tbeencleanedforweeks,___makesitverydirty.A.asB.whichConclusion:as用于thesame…as,such…as…的句型中。但thesame…as…指的是与先行词同类的事物，而thesame…that…指的是与先行词同一的事物。As还可以修饰一个主句。常译为“正如……”,已形成了一些固定搭配，可放在主句之前或之后。如：asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asweallsee,asisoftensaid,aswasusual,asisexpected,asisreported,asishoped。而which也可修饰一个句子，但必须放在主句之后，和主句形成因果关系。定语从句的特殊用法 Idon’tliketheway_____________youspeaktoher.Iarrivedheretheday_____________heleft.Heworkedhardthewholetime_____________helived.Hehurriedintotheairportthemoment_____________theplanewasabouttotakeoff.(inwhich/that)(when/that)(when/that)(when/that)Conclusion:当先行词为way时，定于从句的引导词可用inwhich,that或省略引导词。that有时可代替when,引导一个定语从句，修饰表示时间的名词，如day,time,moment等。 请大家回忆概念各种连接词的具体用法定语从句的特殊用法定语从句的常见错误定义分类连接词that与whichwho、that与whomWhose介词+关系代词when、where与whyas先行名词为waythat替代when在定语从句中加了多余的宾语。把定语从句的谓语动词的单复数形式弄错。省略了定语从句中主语的关系代词。定语从句中加了多余的介词。—定语从句 Homework:Translatethefollowingsentences:1.我住在一个窗户朝南的屋里。2.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。3.他去年买的杂志丢了。4.这正是我想买的书。5.他昨晚住的是哪一家旅馆？6.他有两个女儿，其中一个是护士。7.我有两个妹妹，她们都是学生。8.这不是一本我所希望的书。 参考答案:1.Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacethesouth.2.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.3.Themagazine(that)heboughtlastyearwaslost.4.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.5.Whichisthehotelthathestayedatlastnight?6.Hehastwodaughters,oneofwhomworksasanurse.7.ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect. Good-bye!