郭老师讲初中英语语法 13页

郭老师讲初中英语语法：情态动词讲解及练习(2010-08-1015:02:36)转载标签：郭老师初中英语语法情态动词讲解及练习教育分类：我讲语法情态动词（ModalVerbs）　　*情态动词也可称为“情态助动词（ModalAuxiliaries）”，因为它和基本助动词（be,do,have）都属于助动词类。　　*情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。　　*情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。　　*情态动词没有人称和数的变化。*常用的情态动词有：can,could,may,might,must,shall,should,will,would这九大情态动词；其他的还有oughtto,need,dare等。 一、九大情态动词的时态关系：　　1.现在式can--过去式could　　2.现在式may--过去式might　　3.现在式shall--过去式should　　4.现在式will--过去式would　　5.现在式must--过去式must（常用hadto来代替）otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand  二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”（can,could,will,would,shall,should,must,oughtto）（1）can和could用于表示“可能”或“预测”：　1.Hecan"tbeathome.他不可能在家。（否定句） 2.Canthenewsbetrue?这消息可能是真的吗?（将情态动词can置于主语thenews前就成疑问句）　3.Anybodycanmakemistake.任何人都可能犯错误。（只表示理论上的可能性）（2）may和might用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：　1.Itmayraintomorrow.（表示可能会发生） 明天可能会下雨。　2.Itmaysnowlaterthisafternoon.（表示预测） 今天下午可能会下雪。　3.Youmightberight.（表示有可能）  你可能是对的。（3）will和would用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：  1.Ithinkhewillbeallrightnow.我想他现在一定好了。（willbe表示一定会） 2.Thatwouldbehismother.那肯定是他母亲。（wouldbe表示肯定是） 3.Hewillsittherehourafterhourlookingattheriver.    他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。（will表示经常的）（4）shall和should用于表示“必定”：　1.Ishallberichoneday.（shallbe）总有一天我会发达的。　2.ThatshouldbeSamandhismother.（shouldbe）那准是Sam和他的母亲。（5）must用于表示“必定”，“必会”：　1.Thismustbegoodforyou.（mustbe肯定） 这肯定对你是有益的。　2.Allmankindmustdie.（表示必然会发生的事） 所有的人一定会死的。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 　3.Mustn"ttherebeamistake?（mustn"t多用于疑问句） 那肯定会有错误吗？ 三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”（can,could,will,would,shall,should,may,might,must）（1）can和could用于表示“许可”、“请求”：　1.CanIgowithyou?（请求）我能跟你一起走吗？　2.FathersaidIcouldgotocinema.（表示过去的许可）爸爸说我可以去看电影。　3.CouldIaskyousomething?（请求,用could比can更婉转）我可以问你一件事吗？（2）will和would用于表示“请求”　1.Willyoukindlytellmethewaytothepostoffice?请问到邮局怎么走？（表示客气请求）　2.Wouldyougivemeyouraddress?请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？（用would比will表示更客气）（3）shall和should用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见　1.Shallwetalk? 我们谈谈好吗？　2.Whatshouldwedonext?（用should比shall表示更客气） 下一步我们该怎么做？　3.Shallhecometoseeyou?（用于第三人称疑问句）  要不要他来看你？（4）may和might用于表示“许可”（口语中多用can）　1.Youmaytakeawalk.（表示给予许可）你可以散散步。　2.Youmightreadthestoryforme.（比may更婉转）是否请给我读一读这故事。　3.MayImakeasuggestion?  我可以提个建议吗？　4.MightItakealookofyourwork?  我看看您的大作行吗？otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 　5.Studentsmaynotmakenoiseinthelibrary.（maynot表示不许可或禁止）　　学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。　6.IfImaysayso,youarenotright.（用于条件句，表示请求）　　你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。（5）must用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：　1.Carsmustnotbeparkedhere.（mustnot表示不许可） 此地不准停车。　2.Allofyoumustn"tfishinginthepool.（mustnot语气方面比maynot更强）　　　你们不准在池里钓鱼。 四、情态动词表示“应该”、“必须”（shall,should,may,might,must,oughtto）（1）shall和should用于表示“必须”：　①.Eachmembershallwearanamecard.（表示规定） 每一个会员必须配带名卡。　②.Ishouldanswerhisletterassoonaspossible.（表示应该）我应该尽快给他回信。　③.Youshouldn"tjudgeamanalwaysbytheclothes.（shouldn"t“不应该”含有劝告的意思）　　　你不应该总是以貌取人。　④.TherulesshalltakeeffectonJan.1st.（shall用于规章等，表示义务和规定）　　　新规则于一月一日起生效。（2）may和might用于表示“应该"（多用于法律等条文，一般上多用shall）:　①.Paymentmaybepaidbycheck.（表示规定） 应以支票付款。　②.Youmightaskbeforeyouusemycomputer.（might表示应该）otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 　　　你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。（3）must用于表示“必须”、“务必”：　①.Youmustkeeptheplaceclean.（务必）  你务必保持地方干净。　②.Wemustobeyorders.（表示有义务）    我们必须服从命令。　③.MustIpaynow?（用于疑问句）（如回答不必时，需用needn"t或don"thaveto）　　　我现在就得付款吗？ 五、情态动词表示“意图”、“打算”（will,would,shall,should）（1）will和would用于表示某种意图：　①.I"llcallyouassoonaspossible.（will主要用于第一人称）我会尽快打电话给你。　②.Willyouacceptthisinvitation?（用would则表示更客气）你愿意接受这邀请吗？　③.Whowilldothejob?（用于条件句，可用于各种人称）   谁愿意做这事？　④.Wewon"t（willnot）stayheretoolong.（willnot表示不愿）我们不愿呆在这里太久。（2）shall和should用于表示说话人的意图：　①.Weshan"t（shallnot）goifitrains.（shallnot也可用willnot）　　　如果下雨，我们就不打算走了。　②.Ishan"tgowithyou.（shall只用在第一人称）我不打算和你一同走。 六、情态动词表示“意愿”（will,would,shall,should）（1）will和would：otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 　①.Shewilldoitifyouaskher.（表示主语的意愿） 如果你问她，她会做的。　②.Wouldyouhaveanothercupoftea?（用would比will客气）你想再来一杯茶吗？　③.Willyouhavesomecookies?（will用于疑问句，表示问人是否愿意）你想吃些烤饼吗？　④.Ifhewill,hecandoit.（will用于条件句，用于第二、三人称）如果他愿意，他会做的。　⑤.Wouldyouexcuseme?（would表示婉转语气）  你能原谅我吗？（2）shall和should： ①.Heshallgethisallowance.（注意是heshall,表示说话人的意愿）     他会拿到他的津贴的。　②.Youshouldsithereaslongasyoulike. 只要你乐意，坐多久能行。　③.Shallyougotoschoolwithme?（疑问句中，表示问对方的意愿）　　　你愿意和我一起到学校去吗？    此外，情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要语法项目，也是全国各省市中考试题的一个考查热点，现在以全国部分省市中考试题为例，对情态动词的考点和热点作一分析。 一、考查can的用法 a.考查can表示能力的用法。在这一用法中，can表示能力，意思是"能，会"，其否定式can"t表示"不能"。在过去时中用could和couldn"t。例如：1.---Where"sMr.Lee?Ihavesomethingunusualtotellhim.  ---You________findhim.He________Japan. （黑龙江）otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand   A.maynot;hasgoneto B.maynot;hasbeento  C.can"t;hasgoneto D.can"t;hasbeento2.---Finishdrawingahorseintenminutes.OK?  ---Sorry.It________insuchashorttime. （山东威海） A.maydo    B.can"tbedone    C.mustdo    D.needn"tbedone3.Ihavemyownroominmyhouse,soI________dowhatIwantinit. （江西） A.must   B.haveto   C.needto   D.can4.________youmendmycar?I______notstartit. （常德市） A.Would;would   B.Must;must   C.Can;can   D.May;may5.________sheridewhenshewasthreeyearsold? （长沙市） A.Can   B.Could   C.Need   D.May6.Theboy________answerthiskindofhardquestionsoneyearago. （四川省） A.can   B.may   C.could b.考查can表示推测的用法。在这一用法中，can意为"可能"，表示客观可能性，常常用于疑问句和否定句中。例如：7.---Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMr.Li?  ---No,it________behim.Mr.Liismuchtaller. （河北） A.mustn"t   B.maynot   C.can"t   D.needn"t8.---Listen!Someoneissinginginthenextroom.Who________itbe?IsitWeiFang?  ---No.It________beher.Sheisatschoolnow. （重庆市） A.will;maynot   B.must;mustn"t   C.may;can"t   D.may;won"totherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 9.---IsMr.Huinthereadingroom?  ---No,he________bethere.HehasgonetoTianjin. （新疆） A.mustn"t   B.needn"t   C.won"t   D.can"t10.Class3wonthefootballmatch!________itbetrue? （广东） A.May   B.Must   C.Will   D.Can c.考查can/could表示请求许可的用法   在这一用法中，can和could都表示现在，用could比用can语气更加委婉客气，常用CouldI/you...?句式，表示"我/你能……吗?"，若表示同意要用can，不用could。例如：11.---CouldIlookatyourpictures?   ---Yes,ofcourseyou________. （武汉）  A.could   B.can   C.will   D.might12.________youpassmeapen?I"dliketowritedownthetelephonenumber. A.Need   B.Could   C.Must   D.Should  （北京市海淀区） 二、考查must的用法 a.考查must表示义务的用法。   在这一用法中，must意为"必须"，"应该"，表示必须要做的事，其否定式mustn"t表示禁止，即不许对方做某事。例如：13.---MayIgotothecinema,Mum?   ---Certainly.Butyou________bebackby11o"clock.  （安徽）  A.can   B.may   C.must   D.need14.---SARSissuchaterribledisease.   ---Yes,itis.We________bemorecareful. （浙江嘉兴）otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand   A.can   B.may   C.must   D.need15.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish________intotheriver. （重庆） A.needn"tbethrown  B.mustn"tbethrown C.can"tthrow        D.maynotthrow16.Thesebooks________outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoreadthemhere.（辽宁） A.can"ttake   B.mustbetaken C.cantake    D.mustn"tbetaken17.Cars,busesandbikes________stopwhentrafficlightschangetored.（上海市） A.can   B.may   C.must   D.need 要注意must和haveto的用法区别：must表示说话人的主观看法，而haveto表示客观的需要，意思是"不得不"。例如：18.---Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?   ---Sorry,Ican"t.I________takecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.  A.can   B.may   C.would   D.haveto （南京）   回答must开头的一般疑问句，如果是否定的回答，要用needn"t或don"thaveto，表示"不必"，"没有必要"的意思，不用mustn"t，因为mustn"t表示禁止或不许，意思是"一定不要"的意思。例如：19.---MustIfinishtheworkbeforefiveo"clock?   ---No,you________.  （四川）  A.needn"t   B.mustn"t   C.haveto20.---________Icomebackbeforefiveo"clock?   ---No,you________.Butyou________bebacklaterthanseveno"clock. （烟台市）otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand   A.Need;must;mustn"t   B.May;mustn"t;can"t  C.Can;can"t;can"t      D.Must;needn"t;can"t21.---MustIcleantheroomrightnow?   ---No,you________.You________cleanitafterlunch.  （徐州市）  A.needn"t;can   B.needn"t;may   C.mustn"t;can   D.mustn"t;may b.考查must表示推测的用法。   在这一用法中，must意为"一定"，"肯定"，表示可能性很大，通常用于肯定句，在否定句中要用can"t，表示"不可能"。例如：22.Susan"sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.It____beveryexpensive. A.must   B.can   C.mustn"t   D.can"t  （上海）23.Thisbook________Lucy"s.Look!Hernameisonthebookcover. （河南） A.mustbe   B.maybe   C.can"tbe   D.mustn"tbe 三、考查may的用法 a.考查may表示请求许可的用法    在这一用法中,may表示许可或征询对方许可，表示"可以"的意思，常常与第一人称I连用，构成MayI...句式，表示"我可以……吗?"。肯定回答用Yes,youmay.；Yes,please.等；否定回答用No,youcan"t.或No,youmustn"t.，不用No,youmaynot。例如：25.---________Ihaveyourname,please?   ---Yes,Michael.M-I-C-H-A-E-L. （北京市东城区）  A.Must   B.Will   C.May   D.Need26.---MayIgotothecinema,dad?   ---No,you________.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst. （浙江金华市）otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand   A.mustn"t   B.won"t   C.don"t   D.needn"t27.---MayIsmokehere?   ---________,you________.Itcanbedangerous. （滨州市）  A.Yes;can   B.No;can"t   C.Yes;may   D.No,needn"t b.测试may表示可能性的用法。   在这一用法中,may表示可能性，意思是"也许"，"可能"，通常用于肯定句中。例如：28.You________goandaskMeimei.She________knowtheanswer. （天津）  A.must;can   B.must;may   C.need;can   D.can;may29.Lookout!Theknifeisverysharp.You________cutyourfinger.  （宁夏） A.need   B.must   C.should   D.may 情态动词使用“七注意”   情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，需与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。使用情态动词时应注意以下七点： 一、表示“不能”的can"t与mustn"t的区别。can"t表示“不能”时，意指没有能力；mustn"t表示“不能”时，意指禁止或不允许。试比较：Theoldmanissotiredthathe__________goanyfarther.Thebabyisasleep.You__________makeanynoise. 二、表示“必须”的must和haveto的区别。must表示说话人的主观看法；而haveto则表示客观需要。试比较：You__________finishtheworktoday.  Myfather__________workwhenhewastenyearsold.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 三、回答must引导的一般疑问句时，如果是否定回答，一般不用mustn"t，而要用needn"t或don"thaveto。如：—Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?—No,you__________./No,you______________. 四、回答表示请求的may引导的一般疑问句时，不可用maynot，而要用mustn"t，也可用can"t。如：—MayIuseyourruler?—No,you__________./No,you__________. 五、作为情态动词，need一般不用于肯定句中，仅用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。在肯定句中，它用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，后面接带to的动词不定式或名词、代词作其宾语。如：①You__________（没必要）comesoearly.②He__________（需要）finishitthisevening.③—NeedIfinishtheworktoday?—Yes,you__________. 六、在回答could引导的表示请求的一般疑问句时，不能用could回答，而要用can。如：—Couldyoutellmehowtogettothehospital?—Ofcourse,I__________. 七、“Mayyou+动词原形...”，意为“祝愿……”。如：Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！Mayyoubehappyeveryday！祝你天天快乐！otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 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