高中英语语法及练习之名词 18页

高中语法—直面高考第一章：名词、语法点及练习1、以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数，大多把f或fe改为v,再加-es；也有一些直接加-s或两种形式皆可。（1）、将f或fe改为v,再加-es的有thief（小偷），wife（妻子），life（生活），self（自己），leaf(叶子)，wolf（狼），shelf（架子），knife（刀子），half（一半）等。这种情况可熟记下面一句话：树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙（2）直接在后面加-s的有gulf(海湾)，cliff（悬崖）,roof(屋顶)，chief（首领），belief（信仰），serf（农奴），proof（证据）等。这种情况可熟记下面这段话：证据显示，海湾附近悬崖边屋顶上的农奴相信首领（3）、两种形式皆可有的handkerchief（手帕），scarf（手帕），dwarf（矮子），wharf（码头），hoof（蹄）。这种情况可熟记下面一句话：一个矮子在码头边拿着手帕甩蹄子汉译英他按照自己的信念做事。Heactedinaccordancewithhisbelieves.Heactedinaccordancewithhisbeliefs.她房间里有两个书架，竖在长着大叶子的花的旁边。Therearetwoshelfsinherroom.Botharebesidestheflowerswithlargeleafs.Therearetwoshelvesinherroom.Botharebesidestheflowerswithlargeleaves.选择The＿＿＿ofthesecottageswerecoveredwith＿＿＿.A.roofs；leafsB.roofs；leavesC.roovs；leafsD.rooves；leaves2、以-o结尾的名词变复数以-o结尾的名词变复数时有两种情况：（1）、词尾加-s,主要有bamboo（竹子），radio（收音机），zoo（动物园），photo（照片），piano（钢琴），kilo(公斤)等。可熟记下面一段话：动物园里的熊猫坐在自己的玉照旁，悠闲地听着收音机里的钢琴曲，一连吃掉了好几公斤竹子（2）、词尾加-es,主要有Negro（黑人），hero（英雄），tomato（西红柿），potato(马铃薯)。黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯汉译英那些带有袋鼠的照片洗不出来了，因为胶卷坏了。Thephotoeswithkangarooesdidn`tcomeout,becausethefilmwasfaulty.Thephotoswithkangaroosdidn`tcomeout,becausethefilmwasfaulty.两位英雄是种植马铃薯和西红柿的黑人。ThetwoherosareNegroswhoplantpotatosandtomatos.ThetwoheroesareNegroeswhoplantpotatoesandtomatoes.选择18 高中语法—直面高考Zhouzhenglongwasarrestedbecauseofthefaketiger＿＿＿.A.photosB.photoesC.photoeD.photo3、常见的名词复数的不规则变化man–menwoman-womenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-micegoose-geesechild-childrenox-oxenwomanteacher-womenteachers4、表示“某国人”的名词的单复数形式（1）、直接加-s。主要有Russians（俄国人），Germans（德国人），Americans（美国人）(2)、以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men或-women。如：Englishmen(英国人),Frenchwomen(法国女人)等。(3)以-ese结尾的词和Swiss(瑞士人)单复数同形.如:Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中国人),Portuguese(葡萄牙人)等一句话搞定这些规则：中日不变，英法变，其余-s添后面我们两个是中国人，他们两个是法国人。WetwoareChineses,andtheytwoareFrenches.WetwoareChinese,andtheytwoareFrenchmen.选择BothMarxandEngelsare＿＿＿.A.GermanB.GermansC.GermenD.German5、具有两种复数形式的名词（1）、penny“便士”。表示“价值”时，复数为pence；表示“钱币的个数”时，复数为pennies。（2）、people表示“人，人们”时，是复数名词，无单数形式；表示“民族，种族”时，是可数名词，其复数形式为peoples。（3）、fish表示“鱼的种类”时，复数为fishes；表示“条数”时，单复数同形；表示“鱼肉”时，是不可数名词。汉译英一英镑等于一百便士Thereare100penniesinonepound.Thereare100penceinonepound.这条河里有各种各样的鱼Therearemanykindsoffishinthisriver.Therearemanykindsoffishesinthisriver.6、容易混淆的可数名词和不可数名词区分可数与不可数可以用“一分为二”的方法来判定，即把判定的事物任意分成两半之后，若每半都能有原来整个物质的性质，就是不可数名词。如：wood分成两半之后还有木头的性质，而desk分成两半之后就不是桌子了。常见的一些不可数名词集锦：air空气water水cotton棉花meat肉suger糖ink墨水gold金子flour面wealth财富love爱danger危险beauty美丽happiness幸福patience耐心cold寒冷honesty诚实18 高中语法—直面高考7、可转化为可数名词的不可数名词（1）、物质名词表示个体概念时常可数wind风—awind一阵风tea茶—atea一杯茶paper纸—apaper一份论文报纸light光线—alight一盏灯(2)、抽象名词具体化时为可数名词，表示“某种人或物”beauty美人或美丽的事物failure失败的人或事物danger令人感到危险的人或事物pity令人遗憾的人或事物surprise令人惊讶的人或事物success成功的人或事物（3）、有些可数名词的复数形式有特殊的含义Rains大量的雨水，多场雨snows大量的雪，多场雪winds大风，多场风waters大片水域sands沙滩woods森林fruits各种各样的水果glasses眼镜forces军队brains智力，聪明的人looks外表manners礼貌（4）、个别专有名词视为可数名词ANewton一个牛顿式的人物twoMarys两个叫玛丽的选择MayItakeyourordernow?We`dlikethree＿＿＿andtwo＿＿＿.A.tea;cupsofcoffeeB.teas;coffeesC.cupsoftea;coffeeD.cupofteas;cupofcoffees8、’s所有格的构成规则一般单数名词的词尾加-’s;以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾加-’；不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾加-’s.汉译英妇女节离现在还有两周Women’Dayisintwoweek’stime.Women’sDayisintwoweeks’time.9、何时在最后一个名词后加s，何时在每个名词后都加s表示几个人共有一物，只在最后一个名词用所有格形式；如表示各自拥有时，则每个名词后都要用所有格形式。史密斯先生是我爸爸和妈妈的朋友。MrSmithismyfatherandmother`sfriend.露西的房间比汤姆和莉莉的都大。Lucy`sroomisbiggerthanTom`sandLily`s.10、表示时间、距离等无生命的名词的所有格是在后面直接加-’s或-’。他父亲离开五年之后又回来了。Herfatherreturnedhomeafterabsenceoffiveyears.Herfatherreturnedhomeafterfiveyears’absence.选择Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It`s＿＿＿walk.18 高中语法—直面高考A.afourhourB.afourhour’sC.afour-hoursD.afourhours’11、of所有格与双重所有格的区别Of所有格用名词普通格或人称代词宾格，双重所有格中of后用名词’s所有格或名词性物主代词。而picture,photo,portrait等词用of所有格侧重同位关系，用双重所有格侧重所有与部分关系。这是我妈妈的一张照片Thisisaphotoofmymother’s.Thisisaphotoofmymother.What’sthatonthedesk?It’salettersentby＿＿＿.A.myfatherfriendB.myfatherfriend’sC.afriendofmyfather’sD.friendsofmyfather12、名词的修饰语只修饰可数名词的修饰语有（a）few,several,many(a),anumberof,morethanone等；只修饰不可数名词的修饰语有（a）little,much,agoodgreatdealof,abitof,alargeamountof等；既修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的有some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough,most,amassof,all,quantitiesof,aquantityof,therest,massesof等。汉译英我有几本有关园艺的书Ihavegotalittlebooksongardening.Ihavegotafewbooksongardening.每年大量的钱都被花在烟草上Anumberofmoneyisspentontobaccoeveryyear.Alargeamountofmoneyisspentontobaccoeveryyear.选择Hedoesn’thave＿＿＿furnitureinhisroom---justanolddesk.(2008陕西)A.anyB.manyC.someD.muchInchina＿＿＿graduatesgoabroadtohavefurtherstudyeveryyear.A.agreatdealofB.manyaC.alargeamountofD.massesof13、名词作定语时用单数还是复数名词作定语说明事物的用途、材料等，一般用单数；manwoman作定语时，单复数形式要与被修饰的名词一致；还有一些只以复数形式出现的名词作定语仍然用复数形式。aclothesshop一家服装店aglassesstore一家眼镜店agoodstrain一辆运送货物的火车asportsmeet一次运动会女同学正在操场上打排球Thegirlsstudentsareplayingvolleyballontheplayground.Thegirlstudentsareplayingvolleyballontheplayground.The＿＿＿isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon’tmissit(2001上海)18 高中语法—直面高考A.bicycle’sshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicycles’shop-It’sgettingdarkearlierthanbefore,isn’tit?-Yes,Ithinkso.Isee＿＿＿areonalready.A.thestreetslightsB.thelightsofthestreet’sC.thestreets’lightsD.thestreetlights14、cause,reason,excuse有何不同？cause是造成一种事实或现象的“原因。起因”，后常接介词of;reason是说明一种看法或行为的“理由”，后常接for;excuse“借口，辩解”，多指为免受指责或推卸责任而找出的理由。翻译火灾通常起因于粗心。Carelessnessistheusualexcuseoffire.Carelessnessistheusualcauseoffire.又迟到了，你这次的借口是什么？Lateagain！What’syourreasonthistime?Lateagain！What’syourexcusethistime?选择-I’msorryIsteppedoutsideforasmoke.Iwasverytired.(2003北京)-Thereisno＿＿＿forthiswhileyouareonduty.A.reasonB.excuseC.causeD.explanation15、mistake，error，和fault的用法区别三个词有“错误，过错”之意。mistake强调日常生活中判断和看法的错误；error强调违反某一标准做的错事，包括道德上的错误；fault强调责任过错或性格上的弱点、缺点。这三个词在一些固定短语中不能混用，如anerrorofjudgement(判断错误)，bymistake(错误地)，findfaultwith…(找茬儿，挑剔,吹毛求疵)等她的美德弥补了她的缺点。Hervirtueoffsethermistake.Hervirtueoffsetherfault.IbrokeoffmyrelationshipwithJohnbecausehealwaysfound＿＿＿withwhateverIdid.A.errorB.mistakeC.faultD.failure16、energy，force，power，strength的用法区别energy主要指精力、活力、身体内部的能量、能源；force着重指发挥出的力量、效力、暴力，也可指物质和精神力量等，复数形式指“武力”；power着重指人的权力、势力、能力和物的动力；strength指本身具有的并能给人一种“强壮”感觉的体力或内力。空军被派往前线。Airpowerweresenttothefront.Airforcesweresenttothefront.18 高中语法—直面高考这匹马身大力强。Thehorsewasofgreatsizeandenergy.Thehorsewasofgreatsizeandstrength.中国是个人民掌权的国家。Chinaisacountrywherethepeopleareinforces.Chinaisacountrywherethepeopleareinpower.选择Youarealwaysfullof＿＿＿.Canyoutellmethesecret?(2007福建)A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.energy17、situation，state，condition，occasion的用法区别situation“形势，情况”，指明确、具体的环境情况或处境；state“状态，情形”，指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况，或指在某一阶段的状态或形式，常用单数形式；condition“状况，情况”，指处于一定的原因、条件或环境产生的特定情况；occasion“场合，时机”，时间性较强，表示某个时间内的状况。副总统健康状况不佳。Thevicepresidentisinaconditionofpoorhealth.Thevicepresidentisinastateofpoorhealth.他抓住机会邀请她回家吃饭。Heseizedthestatetoinviteherhomefordinner.Heseizedtheoccasiontoinviteherhomefordinner.选择Schoolchildrenmustbetaughthowtodealwithdangerous＿＿＿(2006辽宁)A.stateB.conditionsC.situationsD.positions18、巩固练习1、Whenhefirstwentfortreatmentatthehospitalheseemedtobehopeless＿＿＿.A.situationB.caseC.conditionD.state2、Itdoesn’tmakeany＿＿＿nowwhathesays—it’stoolateforapologies.A.differenceB.effectC.progressD.development3、Wediscussedthehighrateofsingleparentfamily,andwonderedhowtoexplainthis＿＿＿.A.conditionB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon4、-Didyoutakethecoatfinally?-No,itwasbeautiful,butwasoutofmyprice＿＿＿.A.controlB.reachC.aimD.range5、Heisn’tareliableman.Underno＿＿＿shouldyoulendhimanymoney.A.circumstancesB.statesC.casesD.situations18 高中语法—直面高考1、Inrecentyears,ChinaandUShavebeenalotof＿＿＿ofviewsaboutthesameproblem.A.replacementsB.transformationsC.changesD.desire2、Ericwaswellpreparedforthecomputertestsothathecouldbepositiveaboutpassingitonhisfirst＿＿＿.A.intentionB.attemptC.purposeD.desire3、Youarereallyverykind.I’llneverforgetthe＿＿＿youhavedonetome.A.favourB.deedC.helpD.good4、Asiswellknowntousall,inChinapigeonsstandforpeace.However,inIndiathewheelinitsnationalflagisalsoaan＿＿＿ofpeace.A.symbolB.signC.markD.example10、InEnglishcollege,classesareoftenarrangedinfreerandopener＿＿＿andmanyjobsaredesignedforstudents.A.gradesB.ranksC.customsD.patterns11、Thelittlegirlbrokea＿＿＿whichismadeof＿＿＿justnow.A.teacup;glassB.cupoftea;glassC.tea’scup;glassesD.teacup;glasses12、-MarywasbeingbadlytreatedwhenJohnhappenedtopassbyandhelpedherout.-Ithinkitwasnotapure＿＿＿buthadbeenwellplanned.A.coincidenceB.occurrenceC.arrangementD.incident13、Itisagreat＿＿＿forapersontobeabletodrivewhenheisseekingajob.A.advantageB.chanceC.funD.importance14、Inthetimeofsocialreform,people’sstateofmindtendstokeeep＿＿＿withtherapidchangeofsociety.A.contactB.progressC.touchD.pace15、Wehavestrong＿＿＿forbelievingthatthemineaccidentinWangjialingwasduetothepoormanagement.A.groundsB.reasonC.causeD.purpose19、高考真题练习1、Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheyget＿＿＿fromthismedicine.A.reliefB.safetyC.defenseD.shelter2、Ihaven’tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirlandshehaschangedbeyond＿＿＿.A.hearingB.strengrhC.recognitionD.measure18 高中语法—直面高考3、Jamestookthemagazinesoffthelittletabletomake＿＿＿forthetelevision.A.roomB.areaC.fieldD.position4、Thisrestauranthasbecomepopularforitswide＿＿＿offoodsthatsuitalltastesandpockets.A.circleB.rangeC.areaD.division5、Aftertheearthquake,thefirstthingthelocalgovernmentdidwastoprovide＿＿＿forthehomelessfamilies.A.occupationB.furnitureC.equipmentD.accommodation6、Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicencereached200,000,a(an)＿＿＿of40,000peryear.A.averageB.numberC.amountD.quantity7、Thedoctorisskilledattreatinghearttroubleandneveracceptsanygiftfromhispatients,sohehasaverygood＿＿＿.A.expectationB.reputationC.contributionD.civilization8、Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblemsbuttheydon’tgiveyouanydirect＿＿＿.A.solutionB.targetC.measureD.function9、Ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark.Itwas＿＿＿journey.A.threehourB.athree-hoursC.athree-hourD.threehours10、Fromtheir＿＿＿onthetopoftheTVTower,visitorscanhaveabetterviewofthecity.A.stageB.positionC.conditionD.Situation1.()1Shewasveryhappy.She         inthemathstest.A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake()2Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?18 高中语法—直面高考A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe()3_____are____forcuttingthings.A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using()4Whatbig____thetigerhas!A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes()5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave()6-Canwehavesome___?-Yes,please.A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear()7Onthetabletherearefive____.A.tomatosB.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoesD.tomato2()1Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories()2Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice()3Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsP.news()4What___lovelyweatheritis!18 高中语法—直面高考A./B.theC.anD.a3()1-Wouldyoulike___tea?-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges()2Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads()3Itreallytookhim:___todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime()4Iwouldliketohave___.A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkIC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks()5Canyougiveme____?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea()6Pleasegiveme___paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()7Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes418 高中语法—直面高考() 1-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?-I"vegotfive.A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken()2Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies()3Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo.A.sheep;foxesC.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs()4Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American5()1Thistableismadeof___.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass()2-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-I"dlike____.!A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken()3Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom6()1Tablesaremadeof___.A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods()2Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.18 高中语法—直面高考A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples()3Ihaveread____oftheyoungwriter.A.worksB.workC.thisworksD.theworks7()1Let"smeetat7:30outsidethegateof___?A.thePeople"sParkB.thePeoples"ParkC.thePeopleParkD.People"sPark()2___Chinesepeopleare___hardworkingpeople.A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a()3Howmany         werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?A.policemanB.policesC.policeD.peoples8()1Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair()2LastweekIboughtaTV____.A.pair.B.setC.pieceD.block()3Thereisaofwoodleftontheground.A.cupB.piece,C.boxD.pair9()1Therearesixty-seven___inourschool.A.women"steacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher18 高中语法—直面高考()2Therearefive___inourfactory.A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers()3These____weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.A.womendoctorB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorsD.womandoctor10()1Theywritemostoftheir___inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters()2Wecametoa___atlast.andwentin.A.watchshopB.watchesshop,"C.watchingshopD.watchsshop()3Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.It"sa___.A.foodshopB.bookshopC.fruitshopD.vegetableshop()4Shebrokea___whileshewaswashingup.A.glassofwineB.glassforwineC.glasswineD.wineglass()5I"veforgottenbothofthe____.A.roomnumbers.B.roomsnumberC.rooms18 高中语法—直面高考numbersD.roomnumber111.September10this____inChina.A.Teacher"sDayB.Teachers"DayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay()2-Isthebroomunder____desk?-No,it"sunder____.A.theteacher"s;myB.teacher"s;mineC.teacher"s;meD.theteacher"s;mine()3Excuseme,whereisthe___?A.men"sroomB.mens"roomC.men"sroomsD.menrooms12()1Thefootballunderthebedis____.A.LilyandLucyB.Lily"sandLucy"sC.Lily"sandLucyD.LilyandLucy"s()2Thisismy____dictionary.A.sisterMaryB.sister"sC.sister,Mary"sD.sister"sMary"s()3Hewentto___shoptobuyashirt.A.atailorB.thetailorC.atailorsD.thetailors"()4Joanis____.A.Mary"sandJacksisterB.MaryandJack"ssister18 高中语法—直面高考C.MaryandJacksisterD.Mary"sandJack"ssister13()1Inafew____time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.A.yearB.years"C.year"sD.years()2It"sabout___walkfrommyhouse.A.tenminuteB.tenminutes"C.tenminute"sD.tenminutes()3Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.It"sabout_____.A.thirtyminutes"swalkB.thirtyminute"swalkC.thirtyminutes"walkD.thirtyminuteswalk()4Half___telephonecallsaremadeinEnglish.A.theworldB.worldC.theworld"sD.world"s14()1____facetothesouth.A.WindowsoftheroomB.ThewindowsoftheroomC.Theroom"swindowsD.Thewindowsinroom()2Pleasetaketwo___.A.pictureoftheparkB.picturesoftheparkC.thepicturesofaparkD.pictureofapark()3Theworkersarerepairing____.A.theroofofthehouseB.aroofofthehouse18 高中语法—直面高考C.roofofthehouseD.thisroofofhouse15()1MissSmithisafriendof____.A.Mary"smother"sB.Mary"smotherC.mother"sofMaryD.Marymothers()2Thisisabookof___.A.TomB.Tom"sC.herD.him()3Thepostcardissentby____.A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfather"sC.myfatherfriendD.myfatherfriend"s16()1Sydneyisacityof___.A.AmericaB.GermanyC.AustraliaD.Japan()2Myfatherlikesbuyingus___.A.carsB.flowersC.peasantsD.presents()3InEngland,thelastnameisthe___.A.fullnameB.familynameC.middlenameD.givenname()4MrGaoisateacher.Heworksinanew____.A.shopB.schoolC.factoryD.hospital17()1Myfatherisa____.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.soldier18 高中语法—直面高考()2-WhichanimallivesonlyinChina?-The____.A.tigerB.monkeyC.pandaD.elephant()3Aprilcomebefore___andafter___.A.March;MayB.May;MarchC.June;MayD.March;February()4Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Chinahasalargepopulation.B.Chinahasmuchpopulation.C.Chinahasmanypopulations.D.Chinahasagreatdealofpopulation.()5Pleasedolikethis.Foldthepaper____andcutalongthefold.A.intopiecesB.inhalfC.onhalvesD.tohalf()6Youplayedtheviolinwonderfully.Willyoupleaseplayanother____?A.oneB.gameC.programmeD.piece参考答案：1.1-7CCBBBBC 2.1-4CBCA3.1-7BCDADDA4.1-4BAAC5.1-3DAA18 高中语法—直面高考6.1-3AAD7.1-3ADC8.1-3DBB9.1-3BDB10.1-5BACDA11.1-3BDA12.1-4DCCB13.1-4BBCC14.1-3BBA15.1-3ABB16.1-4CDBB17.1-6BCBABD18