高中英语语法板块归纳和总结：主谓一致 6页

主谓一致英语的一致关系的其中一条就是要求谓语动词与主语之间保持人称和数的一致,,问题的关键就是要弄清谁是主语,谓语与那一个词在人称和数上保持一致.一．谓语动词用单数形式1表示时间，数目，距离，价格等名词复数作为主语，作为整体看时谓语动词仍用单数，如：tenpounds，fiveweeks，threemiles等eg：Tenpoundsisenoughforsuchathinbook.2非谓语动词中的动词-ing(（即动名词）形式,不定式或者从句做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。whenwewilldiscusstheproblemhasn’tbeendecidedyet.Smokingisbadforus.3以-s结尾的书，报刊，地名，组织名称或是以-ics结尾的表示学科(physics/politics/maths/mathematics/statistics)，以S结尾的不可数名词做主语的时候，谓语动词用单数形式。Mathematicsisthelanguageofscience.TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945.TheNewYorkTimessellswellintheUSA.Rootswasabookaboutaslavefamily.Thenewsisashocktothem.４在下列短语中，虽然有and连接，但仍然视为单数：each…andeach…，every…andevery…，no…andno…,manya…andmanya...或者虽有and连接，但表示同一人或物，谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlinourclasslikesthepopstar.　　Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Manyaworkerandengineerhassucceededintheexperiment.Manyaboy(andmanyagirl)isveryglad.Noboyandnogirlwantstoservethepeople.区别于：Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.下列各词常看作整体：breadandbutter（黄油面包），aknifeandfork（一副刀叉），acartandhouse（一辆马车），aneedleandthread（针线）５　不定代词eｖｅｒｙｏｎｅ／ａｎｙｏｎｅ／ｎｏ　ｏｎｅ／ｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇ／ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ／ｓｏｍｅｂｏｄｙ／ｎｏｂｏｄｙ／／或是用ｅａｃｈ／ｅｖｅｒｙ／ｗｈｏｌｅ／ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ／ｅｉｔｈｅｒ／ｍａｎｙ　ａ／ｍｏｒｅ　ｔｈａｎ　ｏｎｅ＋单数名词，谓语动词用单数。Tｈｅ　ｗｈｏｌｅ　ｎａｔｉｏｎ　ｗａｓ　ｄｅｅｐ　ｉｎｔｏ　ｓｏｒｒｏｗ　ａｔｔｈｅｎｅｗｓ　ｏｆ　ｈｉｓ　ｄｅａｔｈ．Everyoneishere.Eachboyhasabook.Eachofushasataperecorder.Neitherofthemlikesme.Morethanonepersonwasinvolvedinthecase.6数词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。算式中谓语动词用单复数都可以Tenisaroundnumber.Theretimesfiveis(are)fifteen.6 7Oneandahalf+复数名词作主语谓语动词用单数Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.1.Thesecretaryandmanager____verybusynow.　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were2.Tenthousanddollars_____quitealargesum.　　A.are B.is C.were D.have3.Thattheywerewronginthesematters_____nowcleartousall.　　A.is B.was C.are D.were4.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.　　A.are B.aregoingtobe C.is D.istobe5.Eachofthestudents_____aChinese-Englishdictionary.　　A.have B.has C.thereis D.thereare6.Theyeach____abeautifulhandkerchief.　　A.have B.has C.thereis D.thereare7.Writingstoriesandarticles_____whatIenjoymost，　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were8.His"SelectedPoems"_____firstpublishedin1965.　　A.were B.was C.hasbeen D.are9.Theairinbigcities_____verydirtybyfactories.　　A.areoftenmade B.isoftenmade　C.haveoftenmade D.hasoftenmade10.Nobody____tosmokeinthecinema.A.allows B.allow C.isallowed D.areallowed11.____canbedone_____beendone.　　A.All;have B.Allthat;have　C.All;has D.Allthat;has12.Johnhastwobrothers，buteither____outofworknow.A.are  B.is  C.has D.Have13.Manyaman_____cometohelpus.　　A.have B.has C.is D.are14.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica_____oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.are C.was D.Were15.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.　　A.isnotdecided B.arenotdecided　C.hasnotdecided D.havenotdecided二谓语动词用复数形式1形容词带the表一类人，姓氏复数加定冠词表示一家人，s结尾的海峡，瀑布，山脉与群岛(NiagaraFalls尼亚加拉瀑布等），谓语用复数。TheSmithsoftenplaywiththeirchildrenintheirsparetimeTheoldaretakengoodcareofhere.TheHimalyasyasaretheceilingoftheworld.2the与English/Japanese/Swiss/French/police/cattle/folk(人们，人民)等集体名词一起连用是用复数。Look,Thecattleareeatinggrassinthehill.6 TheEnglishhaveawonderfulsenceofhumour.Thepolicearerunningafterathief.1.Theold____welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.　　A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.was2.Boththesecretaryandthemanager_____agreedtoattendthemeeting.　　A.hasB.haveC.areD.was3.TheChinesepeople_____hard-workingandbrave.　　A.are B.is C.hasbeenD.arebeing4.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.　　A.issearchingfor B.weresearchingfor　C.aresearchingfor D.weresearching5.Applesofthiskind____.　　A.tastesgood B.tasteswell  C.tastegood D.tastewell三谓语动词二原则1：坚持就前一致的的原则（就远一致）。TogetherwithAlongwith/withBesides/but/except/inadditionto名词+aswellas+名词+谓语动词IncludingRatherthanlike（像。。。一样）morethanaccompaniedby谓语动词与前面的名词保持一致。Ateachertogetherwithstudentsiscoming.Youratherthanheareonduty.(是你在值日,而不是他.)Theteacheraswellasstudendswaslateforthemeeting.2：坚持就近一致的原则(1)在eitherAorB，notonlyAbutalsoB，neitherAnorB,AorB,notAbutB结构中，Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.Notonlyhebutalsoyouarewrong.(2)therebe和herebe句型中Hereisapen,abook,twopencilsandsomerules.Therearesomebooksandapen.1.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_____invitedtotheparty.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen2.EitheryouorI_____goingtotheteachers"officeafterclass.A.amB.isC.areD.Will3.MrSmith，togetherwithhischildren，____arrived.　　A.areB.has C.is D.have4.NotonlyTombutalsohiswife____fondofwatchingtelevision.6 　　A.are B.were C.be D.is5.Nooneexceptmyparents_____anythingaboutit.　　A.know B.knows　　C.isknowing D.haveknown6.Allbutone____herejustnow.　　A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.were7.Where____rubbish，thereareflies.　　A.thereare B.thereis C.is D.therehas四定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中关系代词如果在从句中作主语，那么定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。（1）当先行词是oneof+名词复数定语从句的谓语动词用复数。（2）当先行词是theonlyoneof+名词复数时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。1.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat____appearedthisyear.A.havebeenB.hasC.hadbeenD.have2.It____Iwho_____leavingforLondon.　　A.is…is B.am…is C.is…am D.am…am3.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____elected.　　A.are B.have C.has D.is4.Thosewho____in____compositions，pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.　　A.hasn"thanded;his B.haven"thanded;their　C.hashanded;their D.havehanded;his5.Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho_____bytheirteacher.　　A.arepraised B.ispraised C.praised D.praising五根据具体情况考虑谓语动词的单复数1集体名词作主语像army/class/family/team/party/enemy/group/government/couple/audience/（观众）crew/crowd/company/committee(委员会)等作主语时，如果指整体概念时谓语动词用单数形式。Myfamilyisn’tlarge.Theclassismadeupoffortyfivestudents.如果指整体里的具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。Myfamilyareallinterestedincollectedincollectingstamps.2分数，百分数以及therest/most/half/all+of+名词作主语,谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定。如果of后面的名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数；如果后面的名词是单数或不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。M.ostofthemhavebeenhere;therestarearrivinglater.Thebeginningofthebookisboring,buttherestisinteresting.Seventypercentofhisincomegoestotherent.60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.3当some作一些讲时，跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数，跟不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；当作“某个”讲时，跟可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数。Somestudentslikeplayingfootball.Somestudentiswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.4what/who/which引导的主语从句在主系表结构中，谓语动词的形式要考虑表语的单复数。6 whatshesaidisofgreatimportant.Whatsheleftareonlysomeoldbooks.1.Mostofhissparetime____spentinreading.　　A.areB.wereC.wasD.havebeen2.About20percentofthework____doneyesterday.　　A.are B.is C.were D.was3.Althoughthefirstpartofthebookiseasy，therest______.　　A.aredifficult　  B.hasproveddifficult　　C.issupposeddifficult　D.havebeenfounddifficult4.Halfofhisgoods____stolentheotherday.A.are B.were C.is D.Was5.Three-fourthsofthehomework_____today.　　A.hasfinished  B.hasbeenfinished　C.havefinished  D.havebeenfinished六主谓一致的个别情况1thenumberof+复数名词,theamountof+不可数名词，谓语动词用单数;anumberof+复数名词,谓语动词用复数Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasfifty,butanumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.2AlargequantityofAvarietyof+可数名词复数/不可数名词，谓语动词与quantity/variety/massAmassof保持一致，用单数。LargequantitiesofVarietiesof+可数名词复数/不可数名词，谓语动词与quantities/varieties/massesofmasses一致，用复数。massesAlargeamountof+不可数名词，谓语动词与amount一致，用单数。但是：Largeamountsof+不可数名词，谓语动词与amounts一致，用复数。例如：Largeamountsofwaterhavebeenwasted.Alargeamountofwaterhasbeenwasted.3单复数同形的词Means，sheep,species,series,deer，works(工厂)主要看前面的修饰词，如果被these/those/all/both/several/ten，等复数意义的词修饰，则谓语动词用复数；如果被each/every/no等单数意义的词修饰，则用单数。Everypossiblemeanshasbeenusedtopreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.Thismeansisveryuseful.Onesheepisill.Allthesheeparemissing.Theglassworkswassetupin1998.Theseglassworksarenearthetrainstation.但是：works指“作品，著作”讲时，谓语一定用复数。Shakespeare"sworksincludeplaysandpoems.6 4.Population作主语通常情况下用单数;但是当被分数或百分数所修饰限制时，谓语动词多用复数，尤其用作主语，表语是复数形式时。ThepopulationofChinaisundercontrol.What’sthepopulationofChina?EightypercentofthepopulationofChinaarefarmers.5倒装句的主谓一致关键要分清倒装句的形式，是完全倒装，还是部分倒装Suchisourplan.Sucharehiswords.Onthewallaretwolargepictures.6有两个部分构成表示衣物或工具的名词作主语如trousers，Pants，shoes,clothes,glasses，scissors,compasses,chopsticks,）等谓语动词通常用复数形式，但是当前面有apairof，asetof,aseriesof,akindof修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Mybluetrousersaretoolong.ApairofglassesinAmericacostsquitealot.7all，more等词后的动词可以是单数也可以复数，这要根据它们所表达的意思而定Allisallright.（一切顺利）Allarepresent.（所有人都到齐了）Hereissomemore.（more指不可数的东西Herearesomemore.（more指可数的东西）8noneof+复数名词做主语，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，但是+不可数名词，谓语用单数。Noneofusare(is)afraidofdifficulties.Noneofthemhave(has)arrivedNoneofthatmoneyonthetableismine.但是：noone用于指人，不与of连用，用作单数Noonetellsmeaboutthat.9themajority做主语，可用单数也可用复数，themajorityof+复数名词，谓语动词只用复数。Themajorityis(are)againsttheplan.Themajorityofthestudentsbelievehimtobeinnocent.1.Yourtrousers____dirty，youmusthave_____washed.A.is;it B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them2.Betweenthetworowsoftrees_____theteachingbuilding.　　A.standB.standsC.standingD.are　　21.Thispairofshoes____madeinNanjing.　　A.is B.are C.havebeen D.hadbeen3.Anumberofstudents_____fromthesouth.　　A.are B.is C.have D.has4.Thenumberofstudentsfromthenorth____small.　　A.are B.is C.have D.has5.Onthewall_____twolargeportraits.　　A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging6.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty，butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.　　A.were;was B.was;was　C.was;were D.were;were6