高三英语语法专题复习与训练-虚拟语气 10页

嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用高三英语复习与训练十六一——虚拟语气16.虚拟语气1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。　16.1真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表：句型条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形祈使句情态动词一般现在时例如：Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.如果他来，会带小提琴来的。典型例题　Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.　A.　willrain　B.rains　C.rained　D.israined　答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.　（错）Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.　（对）Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall（will）+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。16.2非真实条件句1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。a.与现在事实相反的假设条件从句主句一般过去时（be用were）should（would）等+动词原形例如：Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。含义：Theyarenothere,theycan’thelpyou.b.与过去事实相反的假设条件从句主句过去完成时should（would）等+have+过去分词例如：Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。　　含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.c.表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想条件从句主句一般过去时should/would等+动词原形were+不定式should+动词原形例如：Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。　Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.含义：Youarenotlikelytosucceed,everythingwillbewhatitisnow.第10页共10页 嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用　16.3混合条件句有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：　　Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。　（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）　　Ifithadrainedlastnight（过去）,itwouldbeverycoldtoday（现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。16.4虚拟条件句的倒装　　虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should,或had时,可省略if，再把were,should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：　Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。　Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。　Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词"be"的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：　　IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。　　Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题　_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereI　　B.Iwere　C.WereI　D.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo,而不能说Weren"tItodo。16.5特殊的虚拟语气词should1）在主语从句中的应用Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should加动词原形，should可省略。Itis可用的词有三类that（should）dosuggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等apity,ashame,nowonder等 2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+（should）do等。例如：　Isuggestthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.我建议下周召开个会议。　Heinsistedthathe（should）besentthere.他要求被派到那儿去。　注意：如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。　判断改错：（错）Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou（should）beill.（对）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.　（错）Iinsistedthatyou（should）bewrong.　（对）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.第10页共10页 嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例如：　　Myideaisthatwe（should）getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。　　Imakeaproposalthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。16.6wish的用法1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：主句从句从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为were）现在时过去时从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had+过去分词）过去时过去完成时将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形例如：IwishIwereastallasyou.　我希望和你一样高。　Hewishedhehadn"tsaidthat.他希望他没讲过那样的话。　Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。2）wishtodo；wishsb/sthtodo。例如：　Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.我希望见一见经理。　Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.（=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。16.7比较ifonly与onlyif　　onlyif表示"只有"；ifonly则表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。例如：　　Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。　　Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.　　　当时闹钟响就好了。　　Ifonlyhecomesearly.　　　　　　　但愿他早点回来。 16.8Itis（high）timethat　Itis（high）timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。例如：　Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.孩子们该睡觉了。　Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.16.9need"不必做"和"本不必做"　didn"tneedtodo表示过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。　needn"thavedone表示过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。例如：JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn"tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。　JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn"thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。（Mary步行回家了，没有遇上John的车。）典型例题　Therewasplentyoftime.She___.A.mustn"thavehurried　B.couldn"thavehurried　　C.mustnothurry　D.needn"thavehurried　答案D。needn"thavedone.意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。第10页共10页 嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用　Mustn"thavedone用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn"thavedone,"不可能已经"。mustnotdo不可以（用于一般现在时）。 16.10虚拟语气练习1.Everything______ifAlberthadn’tcalledthefirebrigade.a.willbedestroyedb.willhavebeendestroyedb.wouldbedestroyedd.wouldhavebeendestroyed2.Ifyouhadn’tgonewithTomtothepartylastnight,______.a.youwouldmeetJohnalreadyb.youwon’thavemissedJohnc.youwillhavemetJohnd.youwouldhavemetJohn3.Supposingthisship______,doyouthinktherewouldbeenoughlifejacketsforallthepassengers?a.wassinkingb.hassunkc.weretosinkd.sunk4.Theinsectswoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandheads,if______fortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.a.itisnotb.itwerenotc.wereitnotd.theywerenot5.Theteachersuggestedthateachstudent______aplanforthevacation.a.madeb.makec.makesd.willmake6.Frankly,I’dratheryou______anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.a.dob.don’tdoc.didn’tdod.willnotdo7.Afterthewayshetreatedyou,ifI______inyourplace.a.beb.amc.wasd.were8.Theideaisthatthenation______anunmannedspacecrafttoexploretheplanetfirst.a.sentb.sendsc.sendd.mustsend9.It’shightimeyou______.a.starttoworkb.wouldstarttoworkc.startedtoworkd.hadstartedtowork10.“IfIhadn’tpracticedwhenIwasyounger,”themusiciansays,“I______abletoplaysowellnow.”a.wouldn’tbeb.won’tbec.wouldn’thavebeend.couldn’thavebeen11.Itisimperativethatyou______thereinperson.a.areb.werec.bed.willbe第10页共10页 嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用12.Theatomicstructureis,______,aminiaturesolarsystem.a.asitwereb.asiftheywerec.asitwered.asifare13.Werequiredthatthemachineparts______castiron.a.ismadeofb.bemadefromc.bemadeofd.ismadeby14.Themanagementurgedthatthecostofproduction______.a.tobefurtherreducedb.wasfurtherreducedb.befurtherreducedd.shouldfurtherreduced15.Thebusinessisrisky.But______wewouldberich.a.shouldwesucceedb.weshouldsucceedc.mightwesucceedd.wouldwesucceed16.Iwishourteacher______togiveanothertest.Ihaven’tgotpreparedyet.a.isn’tgoingb.weren’tgoingc.willnotgoingd.couldhavegone17.IwishI______tothemovieswithyoulastnight.a.wentb.didgoc.couldgod.couldhavegone18.I’djustassoon______rudelytoher.a.thatyouwon’tspeakb.yournotspeakingc.younotspeakd.youdidn’tspeak19.IfI______inthetwenty-firstcentury,I______myvacationinaverydifferentway.a.shouldlive…wouldspendb.willlive….shouldspendc.areliving…shouldhavespentd.willbeliving…wouldhavespent20.Itisrequiredthatthemachine______asfrequentlyasnecessary.a.beoiledb.mustbeoiledc.isoiledd.willoil21.HisEnglishteacherrecommendsthathe______aregulardegreeprogram.a.beginsb.beginc.willbegind.isbeginning22.Wepreferthattheplan______beforebeingputintoexecution.a.isfullydiscussedb.mustbefullydiscussedc.befullydiscussedd.willbefullydiscussed23.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatimprovements______intheoldtypeofvacuumcleaner?a.bemadeb.willbemadec.wouldbemaded.willhavetobemade24.Thedoctor’sadviceisthatthepatient______abouthisrealphysicalcondition.第10页共10页 嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用a.benottoldb.notbetoldc.willnotbetoldd.mustnotbetold25.______,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkontime.a.Iftheydonothelpusb.Wasitnotfortheirhelpc.Shouldtheyoffertohelpusd.Butfortheirhelp26.Ifwehadbeenmorecareful,we______muchbetterresultsnow.a.gotb.hadgotc.wouldbegettingd.wouldhavegot27.Henry______arichmantodayifhehadbeenmorefrugalinthepast.a.wouldbeb.isc.willbed.was28.Theythoughtitdesirablethatanarmedguard______inreadiness.a.standsb.standc.stoodd.wouldstand29.Allsciencestudents,______,shouldhaveagoodfoundationinbasicsciences.a.whethertheyarefuturephysicistsandchemistsb.theyarefuturephysicistsofchemistsc.theyshouldbefuturephysicistsofchemistsd.betheyfuturephysicistsorchemists30.Sallycan’thavewrittentome,or______theletterbynow.a.I’llgetb.I’llhavegotc.I’dhavegotd.I’dget31.IshouldverymuchliketohavegonetothepartybutI______.a.amnotinvitedb.wasnotinvitedc.shallnotbeinvitedd.amnotbeinginvited32.ThereisageneralunderstandingamongthemembersoftheBoardofDirectorsthatchiefattention______totheundertakingthatisexpectedtobringinhighestprofit.a.isgivenb.givesc.shouldbegivend.mustbegiven33.Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial______toitsburningtemperature.a.beheatedb.isheatedc.wouldbeheatedd.toheat34.“Didyougotoseethefootballmatchyesterday?”“No.Ididn’tfeelwell,butIwouldhavegoneifI______.”a.didb.havec.wouldd.had35.Ifwehadknownthatshehadplannedtoarrivetoday,we______heratthebusstation.a.mayhavemetb.mightmeetc.maymeetd.mighthavemet第10页共10页 嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用36.We’resaferinatrainthanwewouldbeifwe______anyotherway.a.traveledb.hadtraveledc.traveld.havetraveled37.HetoldmehowhehadgivenmeshelterandprotectionwithoutwhichI______ofhungerandcold.a.wouldbediedb.wouldhavediedc.woulddied.willhavedied38.______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.a.Washeleavingb.Ifheisleavingc.Werehetoleaved.Ifheleaves39.Hadelectroniccomputersnotbeeninvented,manyproblemsofspaceflight______.a.couldbenotsolvedb.couldnotbesolvedb.couldnothavebeensolvedd.couldnothavesolved40.Heisapoorlylearntman.Butheactsasthoughhe______.a.isb.werec.shouldbed.seemslike41.Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit______ontheway.a.goeswrongb.gowrongc.wentwrongd.wouldgowrong42.______thefog,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.a.Becauseofb.Inspiteofc.Incaseofd.Butfor43.Theoldmanwenttoofficeonfoot,buthe______bybus.a.mighthavegoneb.oughthavegonec.couldhavegoned.shouldbegone44.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe______topasstheexam.a.failsb.mayfailc.shouldfaild.wouldfail45.Sheputonherglassesinorderthatshe_____.a.canseeb.sawc.hadseend.mightsee46.Whatever______we’llgoahead.a.hadhappenedb.willhappenc.mighthappend.maybehappened47.IfI______outofink,Imighthavefinishedwritingthepaper.a.hadn’trunb.shouldn’trunc.didn’trund.haven’trun48.Butforyouradvice,I______intotrouble.a.wouldgetb.gotc.mighthavegotd.shouldget49.______forthetrafficjam,Ishouldhavecoveredfiftymiles.第10页共10页 嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用a.Haditbeenb.Haditnotbeenc.Ithadnotbeend.Itnothadbeen50.Wereitnotfortheadoptionoftheopenpolicy,things______theyaretoday.a.wouldneverbeb.couldhavebeenc.wouldneverhavebeend.didn’thave51.IfonlyI______there.a.havenotbeenb.wouldnotbeenc.willnotbed.hadnotbeen52.Tomwouldbuythatbicyclebuthe______nomoney.a.hadb.hasc.hadhadd.hashad53.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.a.wasb.werec.hadbeend.went54.Itistimewe______upourresults.a.sumb.summedc.willsumd.wouldsum55.DrBethuneworkedhardasifhe______.a.neverhadfelttiredb.hadneverfelttiredc.neverfelttiredd.wastirednever56.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI______thebookfromwhichitwasmade.a.havereadb.shouldhavereadc.amreadingd.hadread57.Itisstrangethatsuchathing______inyourschool.a.willhappenb.happensc.shouldhappend.happened58.Ifshecouldsew,______.a.shemakeadressb.shewouldhavemadeashirtc.shewillmakeashirtd.shewouldhadmadeacoat59.“DidyounoticeJohnwasnotatworktoday?”“No.If______working,Iwouldhavenoticedit.”a.I’dbeb.Iwasn’tc.I’dbeend.weren’t60.“Whydon’tyouexplainittoher?”“I______ittoherifIthoughtshewouldunderstand.”a.wouldexplainb.willexplainc.explaind.wouldhaveexplained61.“Yourperformancewasverygood.”“IcouldhavedonebetterifI______moretime.”第10页共10页 嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用a.havehadb.hadc.hadhadd.willhavehad62.“Shewouldn’tdrinkhermedicinelastnight,wouldshe?”“______.”a.No,butIwishshewouldn’tb.No,butIwishshehadb.Yes,Iwishshedrankd.yes,Iwishshecould63.Ithinkitadvisablethathe______forTokyosoon.a.willleaveb.mayleavec.leaved.leaves64.Thecommitteeaskedthatthematter______atthenextmeeting.a.wouldbediscussedb.willbediscussedc.bediscussedd.maybediscussed65.______tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalivetoday.a.Ifhewentb.Werehegonec.shouldhehadgoned.Hadhegone66.______thework,hewoulddoitsomeotherway.a.Washegoingb.Ifhedoesc.Werehetodod.Ifheisdoing67._____,IhardlythinkIwouldhaverecognizedhim.a.Shouldhisnamenotbementionedb.Hadsomeonenotmentionedhisnamec.Ifsomeonedidnotmentionhisnamed.Ifsomeonehadmentionedhisname68.I’djustassoon______tothetheatretonight.a.notgoingb.nottogoc.notgod.thatIwon’tgo69.Atthelastcommitteemeeting,themotionthattheclub______openuntilmidnightwasdefeated.a.remainsb.remainc.remainedd.wouldremain70.Thebusinessofeachday,______sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.a.itbeingb.beitc.wasitd.itwas第10页共10页 嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用22.14虚拟语气练习答案1D19A37B55B2D20A38C56D3C21B39C57C4B22C40B58B5B23B41B59C6C24A42D60A7D25D43C61C8C26C44C62B9C27A45D63C10A28B46C64C11C29D47A65D12C30C48C66C13C31B49B67B14C32C50C68C15A33A51D69B16B34D52B70B17D35D53C7118D36A54B72第10页共10页