2013中考英语语法6冠词 7页

中考专题复习（六）冠词及数词，量词　　一、冠词a用于辅音发音开头的词前,an用于元音发音开头的词前，而不是元音字母前，如：anapple,anhour.anhonestmanacceptedanhonorabletask一个小时前，一个诚实人接受了一项光荣的任务　　二．a/an的用法：1.a/an用于单数可数名词前,表示“某一”“一…”或者“一个”2.表示一类人或事物的某一种类，强调整体，即以其中的一个代表一类Atigerisdangerous.老虎是危险性动物　3.“某一个”用来指某人或某物，但有不具体说明是谁或是什么，如：　Aboycametoseeyouamomentago.　4.与专有名词连用表示“某一个”，“一个叫......的人”，如：　　AJohniswaitingforyouatthegate.一个叫约翰的人在门口等你。　5.表示“每一”的意思，用在如时间，速度，价格等意义的单位名词之前，表示“每一”，相当于per例如：Thepotatoissoldatabout30fenajin.Wegoswimmingfourtimesaweek　6.不定冠词a/an可用在一种职业，阶级或宗教的名称前。如：　　Mr.BlackisnowaChristian.布莱克先生现在是名基督教徒。　7.用在序数词前表示“再一”，“又一”，如：Youcantryitasecondtimeifyoufail.8.第一次提到的人或事物Longlongago,therewasanoldkingwhohadaverybeautifuldaughter　9.用于说明事物同一性质、特征、程度或大小，表示“相同”，相当于thesame.如：Theyareallofasize.他们大小都一样。　10.用于视为一体的两个名词之前，意为“一副、套、只”，如：　　aknifeandfork一副刀叉atableandchair一套桌椅　11.固定短语：onceuponatimetakealookcatchacoldalittleafewhavearest12.感叹句中what…how…　　三、定冠词the的用法：1.“特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。Thehospitalnearmyhome2.再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：　　　　Thereisaboyunderthetree.Theboyismybrother. 3.指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：　　Let’sgoandgiveittotheteacher.4.用于某些固定词组中。例如:inthemorning/afternoon/eveningthedayaftertomorrow后天thenextday第二天bytheway顺便5.用在形容词前表示一类人。thedisabled__________　　theblind_________thedeaf__________thedumb____________6.用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人例如：TheWhitestheTongs　　　7.指由普通名词构成的专有名词　theSummerPlace颐和园　theLongMarch长征　theWestLake西湖thePacificOcean太平洋theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy中国人民解放军8.用在报刊、杂志、历史、事件、时期、朝代等前面theNewYorkTimes纽约时报theMiddleAges中世纪9.世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)　theglobe太阳系theuniverse宇宙theatmosphere大气层10.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前thePacificOcean太平洋theHuangheRiver黄河theTainshanMountains天山山脉theTaiwanStraits台湾海峡WeliveneartheYellowRiver.我们住在黄河边上。TheHimalayasislocatedinTibet.喜马拉雅山位于西藏。11.用在序数词或形容词最高级前　　ThefirstthingIwanttosayistolistencarefullyinclass.12.在世纪，年代名词前用冠词　　inthe1980s或inthe1980’s20世纪80年代　　inthenineteenthcentury十九世纪13.在表示方位的词前，如：　intheeast/westinthebottom/atthetop,ontheright/leftinthefront/atthebackEast,orwest,homeisbest.金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝14.在乐器名称前常用定冠词，如：playthepiano/violin/drum15.用于表示计量的名词前，如bythe....“以...计算”，如：bythedozen按打计算bythehour按小时计算16.the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物 Thehorseisausefulanimal.马是一种有用的动物。注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法：Ahorseisausefulanimal.Horsesareusefulanimals.17.在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用the，而不用人称代词。takesb.bythearm抓住某人的手臂hitsb.intheface打某人的脸beredintheface脸红belameintherightleg右腿瘸了【对比】有the和没有the意义不同的词组：　　attable在吃饭atthetable在桌子旁atschool上学attheschool在学校　　gotobed上床睡觉gotothebed朝床边走去　　inhospital/prison住院/坐牢inthehospital/prison在医院/在监狱　　infuture今后inthefuture将来takeplace发生taketheplace取代　　inoffice执政intheoffice在办公室gotochurch/college/hospital/prison/schoolgotothechurch/college/hospital/prison/school四、零冠词：1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词China中国Europe欧洲LeiFeng雷锋WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚Ithinkwaterisakindoffood,too.我认为水也是一种食物。Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起来柔软。　2.在星期、月份，季节，节日等名词前，如：　　Inspring/summer/autumn/winter;　　onSunday;OnNationalDay　3.名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this，my，that，those，these，her)，如：　　thismorning;mypen;yourwatch;whosebike　4.在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前，如：　　havebreakfast，playchess，playbasketball　5.在职位、头衔、称呼的名词前，如：　　Mr.Smith,headofthegroup,willplanforthewholetrip.Doctor,Iamnotfeelingmyselftoday.　6.man泛指人类时，前面不加冠词，如：　　Mancan’tlivewithoutairandwater.没有空气和水，人类不能生存。　7.单数名词相对应使用时，不用冠词，如：daybyday天天stepbystep逐渐地alldayandallnight整日整夜 fromtimetotime时不时地handinhand手拉手　8.as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果前置的是名词，名词前不加冠词。如：Childas/thoughsheis,sheplaystheviolinperfectly.　　尽管是个孩子，但她小提琴拉得很好。　9.有些一人兼多个身份的情况，只在第一个名词前加冠词，其他几个不再加冠词。如：AteacherandwriterwillcometovisitourschoolnextMonday.　10.系动词turn后如有名词，通常不加冠词，但名词前有形容词修饰时要加冠词。如：Ihopedtobecomeapianist,butIturnedteacher.　　我本想成为一名钢琴家，可最终成了教师。　11.固定短语：　　bybus乘坐公共汽车afterschool放学后inbed卧床　　atfirst首先atnoon在中午onfoot步行takecareof照顾introuble处在麻烦中takepartin参加payattentionto注意withpleasure高兴地，乐意地atdinner在吃饭　　五、冠词的活用：1.表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the，但如果名词前有修饰语，也可能用不定冠词a，an。theworld-----apeacefulworldthemoon-----abrightmoon2.表示一日三餐名词前面一般不用冠词但前面如果有了定语修饰也可能用不定冠词Haveyouhadsupper？Wehadawonderfulsupper.3.表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词the，但前面如果出现定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词Hestartshisdaybyplayingtheviolin.Heisplayingaborrowedviolin.4.介词与表示交通工具的名词连用表示笼统的方式，前面一般不用冠词但如果名词的前面出现了修饰语，前面需加冠词。Hewenttothestationbycar.Hewenttothestationinablackcar.5.表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词，但后面如果出现language一词，前面需加定冠词the。English=theEnglishlanguageFrench=theFrenchlanguage6.turn用作系动词时，后面作表语的单数名词前不用冠词。Heturnedwritermanyyearslater.（=Hebecameawritermanyyearslater.）习题演练： 1.Iread______story.Itis______interestingstory.A.a,anB.a,aC.the,theD./,an2.______Chinais_____oldcountrywith_____longhistory.A.The,an,aB.The,a,aC./,an,theD./,an,a3._____elephantisbiggerthan______horse.A./,/B.an,aC.An,aD./,the4.Wealwayshave______ricefor______lunch.A./,/B.the,/C./,aD.the,the5.Ittookme______hourand_____halftofinish______work.A.a,a,aB.an,a,aC.an,a,theD.an,a,/6.______doctortoldmetotake______medicinethreetimes______day,stayin_____bed,thenIwouldbebettersoon.A./,a,a,theB.A,the,the,/C.The,the,a,/D.A,/,a,/7.Thereis____pictureon____wall.Ilike____pictureverymuch.A.a,the,theB.a,the,aC.the,a,aD.a,an,the8.Januaryis______firstmonthoftheyear.A.aB./C.anD.the9.Einsteinwon_____NobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921.A.aB.anC.theD./10.What____finedayitistoday!Let"sgototheSummerPalace.A.aB.anC.theD./11.Ilikemusic,butIdon"tlike____musicofthatTVplay.A.aB.anC.theD./12.____girloverthereis____Englishteacher.A.The,anB.A,/C.The,/D.A,a13.Xi"anis___oldcitywith___longhistory,isn"tit?A.a,anB.an,aC.the,theD.the,a14.Ireallylike____bookyoulentmeyesterday.A.aB.anC.theD./15._______Brownswerehavingdinnerwhenthetelephonerang.A.AB.AnC.TheD./16—You’vedropped________“s”intheword“necessary”.—Oh,________letter“s”isdoubled.A.a;aB.a;theC.an;theD.the;the 【2012黔西南】17.________visitorscometoXingyiduringMayDayeveryyear.A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousand【2012广东】18.—Howwasyourweekend?—Great!Itwasmygrandfather"s____birthday.Weenjoyedourselves.A.seventyB.seventiethC.theseventiethD.Seventeenth【2012贵州铜仁】19.About____ofthestudentsinGradeNinethisyearwereborninthe_____.A.threefive;1996.B.threefifths;1990sC.thirdfifth;1997.D.thirdfifths;1990s【2011湖北恩施】20.Hewrotehis______novelwhenhewas______.　A.five;fiftiesB.fifth;fiftyC.fifth;fiftieth【2012湖北随州】21.Mayisthe_____monthofayear.　A.fiftyB.fifteenC.fifthD.five【2012甘肃鸡西市】22.A_____girlnamedDongXinyilookedafterherdisabledfather.A.three-year-oldB.three-years-oldC.threeyearsold【2012湖北宜昌】23.—Ourschoolisgoingtoholdthe_______CultureFestival.—Isee.Andwecantakepartin________activities.A.tenth;tenthB.ten;tenthC.tenth;tenD.ten;ten【2012江苏连云港】24._______volunteerssentbookstoamountainvillageschoolonChildren’sDay.A.TwohundredsofB.Twohundredof　C.TwohundredsD.Twohundred【2012江苏苏州】25.Thechairpersonreceivedaboutthree______applicationstojointheBirdwatchingClub.A.hundredB.hundredsofC.hundredofD.hundreds【2012江苏无锡】26.The_________actionfilmhasattractedmillionsofyoungpeopletothecinema.A.130-minuteB.130-minutesC.130minuteD.130minutes【2012江苏宿迁】27.—Thereis_______milkinthefridge.Pleasebuysomeonyourwayhome.—Allright.A.muchB.manyC.littleD.few【2012江苏镇江】28.Somewordpuzzlesinthisbookare____difficultthat_____studentscansolvethem.A.such;fewB.such;littleC.so;fewD.so;little【广东省】29.---Howwasyourweekend?----Great!Itwasmygrandfather’s_______birthday.Weenjoyedourselves.　A.seventyB.seventiethC.theseventiethD.seventeenth【2012湖北黄冈】30.—Doyouknowthattherearemanydifferent_____animalsinthezoo?—Yes,Ido.AndIalsoknowthatsomeofthemare_____scaring.A.kindsof;kindofB.kindsof;kindsofC.kindof;kindsofD.kindof;kindof【2012山东滨州】31.Iamverythirsty.Couldyoupleasegiveme______water?A.someB.littleC.manyD.other【2012山东聊城】32.Pleaseturntopage__________andlookatthe____________pictureinthisunit. 　A.twentieth;oneB.twenty;oneC.twentieth;firstD.twenty;first【2012山东临沂】33.Didyouknowthattheearthishometo_____animals?　AmillionB.millionsC.millionofD.millionsof【2012烟台中考】34.Betweenthetwohills_____adeepriver.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is【2012四川达州】35.—Isthere________intoday’smagazine?—Yes.PremierWenJiabaosaw________“stay-homechildren”______May,25th.　A.anythingspecial;hundredsof;onB.somethingspecial;hundredof;atC.specialanything;hundreds;onD.anythingspecial;hundredsof;in【2012四川南充】36.Ithink______shouldnotbeallowedtodrive.A.sixteenyearsoldB.sixteen–year-oldC.sixteen-year-olds【2012四川自贡】37.--IhearyourfriendisvisitingSanYaagain.Isitthesecondtimeforhim?--Yes,andhewillcomefor______timenextspring.A.athirdB.asecondC.thethird【2012四川自贡】38.--Howsooncanyoufinishthisjob?---Twodays________enoughformetofinishthework.Ineedaweek　A.isn"tB.aren"tC.is【2012四川宜宾】39.—Wouldyouliketohave_____apples?—No,thankyou..I’vehadenough.A.othertwoB.anothertwoC.moretwoD.twoothers【2012浙江杭州】40.Wehavetwoearsandonemouthsothatwecanlisten________wespeak.A.astwicemuchasB.twiceasmuchasC.asmuchastwiceD.asmuchtwiceas41.Thenumberofthestudentsinourclass______50.A.areB.isC.am42.Anumberofstudents_____goingtoplanttreesonPlantingDay.A.areB.isC.am英语美语每日二句：Youarereallykillingme!你真的快笑死我了！Thewallhasears!隔墙有耳