初三英语语法--动词语态(学生版) 6页

初三英语语法—动词的语态【知识总结归纳】一.概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二.主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer主动语态主语谓语宾语状语Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三.各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are+P.P.（1）DotheyspeakFrench?（2）Theydon’tusetheroom.IsFrenchspokenbythem?Theroomisn’tusedbythem.一般过去时was/were+p.p.（1）Thehunterkilledatiger.（2）Hewrotemanystorieslastyear.Atigerwaskilledbythehunter.Manystorieswaswrittenbyhimlastyear.现在进行时am/is/are+being+p.p.（1）Theseworkersarebuildinganewbridge.（2）Heismendinghiscar.Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltbytheseworkers.Hiscarisbeingmendedbyhim.过去进行时was/were+being+p.p.（1）Hewassellingbooks.（2）Theywerediscussingtheplanatthattime.Bookswerebeingbuiltbyhim.Theplanwasbeingdiscussedbythematthattime.现在完成时have/has+been+p.p.（1）ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.（2）Hehasfinishedthework.ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.Theworkhasbeenfinishedbyhim.过去完成时had+been+p.p.（1）Theyhassolvedtheproblem.（2）Wehadtoldhimthenewsbythen.Theproblemhadbeensolvedbythem.Thenewshadbeentoldtohimbyus.一般将来时shall/willbe+p.p.（1）Ishallmakeaplan.（2）Theyaregoingtofixtheradioinanhour.Aplanwillbemadebyme.Theradioisgoingtobefixedbytheminanhour.过去将来时wouldbe+p.p.was/weregoingtobe+p.p.（1）Hetoldmetheywouldpainttheroom.（2）Theyweregoingtoputonaplaythenextweek.Hetoldmetheroomwouldbepaintedbythem.Aplaywasgoingtobeputbythemthenextweek.情态动词（1）WeshouldhandinourOurhomeworkshouldbe6 can/may/must/should+be+p.p.homework.（2）YoumustanswerthequestioninEnglish.handedinbyus.ThequestionmustbeansweredinEnglishbyyou.四.如何正确使用被动语态1.有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。eg.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.（主动语态）（被动语态）▲常带双宾语的词有：tell,show,lend,pass等。2.在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主动语态）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被动语态）▲有这种用法的常用动词有：make,let,see,hear,watch,feel,notice等。3.有些“be+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”比较：（1）  （2）4.只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。eg.【经典题型】1.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive6 2.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow3.Youmaygofishingifyourwork.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone4.Thetreesmustthreetimesaweek.A.waterB.iswateringC.bewateredD.waters5.—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessSue,too. —YoumeanifSuecomesyou’llcome?A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited6.Ilikemynewbike.Itverywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden7.Mr.Chenhasalondvoice.Hisvoicecanclearlyeveninthatbigclassroom.A.hearB.beheardC.behearingD.haveheard8.—It’stimetodoyourhomework,Jack.     —Yes,Mum.I’llturnofftheTVassoonastheprogramme.A.endsB.endC.willbeendedD.willend9.Youtothemeeting,whydidn’tyougo?A.beinvitedB.willbeinvitedC.wereinvitedD.areinvited10.Alotoftreesalongtheriverlastyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplanted【实战模拟】一.选择填空1.TheriverssmellsterriblePeoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopformthrowing2.PaperfirstinventedinChina.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3.—Doyouliketheflower?—Yes,itsweet.A.issmellingB.smeltC.issmeltD.smells4.Itsnowedheavilylastnight.Thegroundthicksnow.A.wascoveredwithB.wasfilledwithC.wasmadeofD.coveredwith5.Thelightintheroombeforeyouleave.A.mustturnofB.willturnoffC.areturnedD.mustbeturnedoff6.thekindofquestionofteninyourclass,Ann?A.Does,askB.Is,askedC.Has,askedD.Will,ask7.Thebridgeinthreeweeks.A.willbuildB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.builds8.Theoldmenandthechildrenmustinourcountry.A.takegoodcareB.betakengoodcareC.takegoodcareofD.betakengoodcareof9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadeHealwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning6 10.Thegirlwasunhappybecauseshebysomeboysintheclass.A.islaughedB.waslaughedC.laughedatD.waslaughedat11.WethattheEnglishtestnextMonday.A.aretold,givesB.tell,willgiveC.aretold,willbegivenD.told,isgoingtobegiven12.GreatchangesplaceinChinasince1978.A.havebeentakenB.havetakenC.hasbeentakenD.took13.theredpencil-boxbyyourfatherlastweek?A.Has,boughtB.Was,boughtC.Does,buyD.Did,buy14.Marymanysongsattheparty.A.heardsingB.heardtosingC.washeardsingD.washeardtosing15.treesusuallyinApril?A.Have,plantedB.Are,plantedC.Do,plantD.Were,planted16.Whenwegotthere,thebrokenroadrepaired.A.isbeingB.wasbeingC.hasbeenD./17.Thewindowsoftheroomonceaweek.A.hasbeencleanedB.iscleanedC.arecleanedD.arecleaning18.In1620,abouthalftheUSAforests.A.wascoveredB.wascoveredbyC.werefilledwithD.coveredwith19.Theyoungtreethestick.A.shouldbetiedtoB.mustbetiedbyC.shouldtietoD.canbetiedwith20.Apresentmebymyfriendonmybirthday.A.isgivingB.wasgiventoC.isgivenforD.willgiveto21.Bywasthebook?A.who,wroteB.whom,writeC.whom,writtenD.whom,writing22.Filmsaboutcrimeandviolence（暴力与犯罪）byyoungchildren.A.shouldnotseeB.shouldbenotseenC.shouldnotbeseenD.shouldbeseen23.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeatlong.A.can’tbekeptB.don’tkeepC.isnotkeptD.aren’tkeeping24.Halftheworld’stelephonecallsinEnglish.A.aremadeB.aremakingC.makeD.ismade25.Thatbuildingnow.A.isbuildingB.isbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.builds26.ThetreesinourschooleveryFridayafternoon.A.arewateredB.arewateringC.havewateredD.water27.More“GreatGreenWalls”mustallovertheworld.A.buildB.arebuiltC.bebuildingD.bebuilt28.Hisschoolbagbyawomantenminutesago.A.tookawayB.wastakenawayC.wastakenoffD.istaken29.Itthatsheveryclever.A.wassaid,isB.wassaid,wereC.issaid,isD.issaid,isbeing30.Yesterdayavisitorsomethingabouthishometown.A.wasaskedB.wasaskingC.isaskedD.asked31.Doyoulikethiskindofpaper?Yes,itverynice.A.isfeltB.feltC.isfeelingD.feels6 32.Thesebookswell.A.sellsB.arebeingsoldC.aresoldD.sell33.Theboylostonhiswayhomeyesterday.A.gotB.isC.getsD.has34.Thoughthecoatisabitlargenow,itmeverysoon.A.willbefitB.willfitC.fitD.fits35.Footballeverywhereintheworld.A.isplayedB.playC.isplayingD.plays36.Everybodyherewasapresent.A.gaveB.givenC.TogiveD.Giving37.Anewfactoryinourcitylastyear.A.builtB.hasbuiltC.wasbuiltD.isbuilding38.Alltreesmustwellwhenitisdry.A.bewateredB.arewateredC.waterD.bewatering39.Thisshirtsilk.A.mustbemadeinB.makebyC.mustbemadeofD.mustbemadeby40.Thesebooksgoodcareof.A.musttakenB.musttakeC.havetotakeD.mustbetaken41.Stampsbypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.inusingC.usedD.areused42.Moretreesnextyear.A.willbeplantedB.willplantC.haveplantedD.areplanting43.—WhenthePeople’sRepublicofChina? —OnOctober1.1949.A.did…foundB.was…foundC.was…foundedD.is…founded44.Today,toomanytreesarestillintheworld.A.cuttingdownB.cutdownC.beingcutdownD.cutted45.ThiskindofmachineJapan.A.ismadebyB.ismadefromC.ismadeinD.ismadeof46.Theteachersaysthatthemanwill.A.bewelltakencareB.welllookafterC.takecarewellD.bewelllookedafter47.—Ithinktheshop.       —No,It’sopen.Itatsix.A.isclose…closeB.isclosed…closesC.closed…closesD.isclosed48.Iwasastonished（吃惊）tohearthatthecolourTVset5,000yuan.A.hascostB.costC.costedD.wascost49.Greatchangesplacesincehecamehere.A.havebeentakenB.havetakenC.hasbeentakenD.hastaken50.Hewasseensomethingfromtheshop.A.stealB.tostealC.tobestolenD.stealed51.Shehasbyherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat二.用正确的时态和语态填空6 1.Nearlyeverybodyhere（know）whentheoldmuseum（build）.2.Thebuildingcan（see）fromeverypartofthecity;It（build）manyyearsago.3.YesterdayTom（tell）methathisbike（break）lastweek.4.Thestudentsoften（tell）totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.5.Nowhe（be）askedifthemeeting（hold）nextFriday.6.Itisknowntoallthatthemoon（turn）roundtheearth.7.MissLioften（use）arecorderinherEnglishclass.Butshe（notuse）ittomorrow.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits（sell）inthisshop.9.English（speak）here.10.Thesong（like）byusalltwentyyearsago.11.Thepictures（take）byJacktomorrow.12.Thecomputer（canuse）intheroom.13.Theroom（paint）now.14.Thenovel（translate）intomanylanguagessinceitwaspublished.15.Thatclock（call）BigBen.16.Lastweek,whenI（ask）aboutEnglishculture,Icouldn’tansweritwell.17.Whatlanguage（speak）inyourcountry?18.Schoolfootballgamesoften（hold）onFridayevenings.19.Thefilm（show）againsometimenextweek.20.Ifanything（happen）tohim,letmeknow.21.thepairofnewshoes（suit）you?22.Thebottle（break）bythecatyesterday.23.Atalltree（can,see）inthepicture.24.Thesportsmeeting（hold）lastweek.25.We（tell）yesterdaythatJanewouldcomebackfromAustralia.26.Look,MrSmith（take）tothestationbyMarkinhiscar.27.Thesetreesshould（water）afterthey（plant）.28.TheTVset（make）inBeijing.It（make）lastApril.29.ColourTVs（sell）inthatshop.30.WhenthePeople’sRepublicofChina（found）?31.Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet.Therooms（paint）now.32.AnAmericanfilmoften（show）onTVonSundays.33.She（tell）thegoodnewsassoonasshearrived.34.Look!Abigmodernbridge（build）overtheriver.35.DrBethune（remember）bytheChinesepeopleforever.36.Arecorderoften（use）inourEnglishclass.6