初中英语语法梳理—动词语态讲[1] 6页

初中英语语法梳理和提高——动词的语态讲解试题动词的语态　　知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！　　英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice）和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：　　ManypeoplespeakEnglish. (主动语态)　　Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态)　　1、被动语态的构成　　被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：　　肯 定 句：主语+be+过去分词+（by…）        eg.Heisoftenaskedtodothiswork(byhisboss).　　否 定 句：主语+benot+过去分词+（by…）       eg.Iamnotinvitedtotheparty(byhim).　　一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by…）？       eg.Areyourclotheswashedbyyourself?　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by…）？eg.Whatisthissweatermadeof?　　现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下：式时 一般 进行 完成现在Am/is/are+givenAm/is/are+being+givenHave/has+been+given过去Was/were+givenWas/were+being+givenHad+been+given将来Shall/will+givenShall/will+be+Should/would+be given+given含情态词的Can/may/must+be+given　　3、被动语态的用法：　　 1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。例如：　　 Thisjacketismadeofcotton.　　 Englishisspokeninmanycountriesintheworld.　　2） 强调动作的承受者时。如：Theboywassavedatlast.这个男孩最后得救了。　　3） 主动语态变被动语态的步骤:　　主动句: Theboy    broke    thewindow yesterday.　　            　　被动句:Thewindow wasbroken bytheboy yesterday.　　步骤一：原句中的宾语thewindow变成主语。　　步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：wasbroken　　步骤三：原句中的主语Theboy放在介词by的后面。　　步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。　　5)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：　　A.可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。　　1.Hegavemethebookjustnow.　　 Thebookwasgiventome(byhim)justnow.=Iwasgiventhebook(byhim)justnow.　　2.Theyshowtheguardtheirpassportsattheentrancetothebuilding.　　 Thepassportswereshowntotheguardbythemattheentrancetothebuilding. 　　=Theguardwasshownthepassportsbythemattheentrancetothebuilding.　　B.通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有:bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。　　1.Hewroteheraletter.　　 Aletterwaswrittentoher.　　Mymothermademeaskirt.　　Askirtwasmade(forme)bymymother.　　练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！　　一、选择填空　　1.Thequestion______byussoon.　　 A.isgoingtodiscuss   B.willdiscuss　　C.isgoingtobediscussed      D.hasbeendiscussed　　2.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident,sohe______.　　A.mustlookafter    B.mustbetakencare　　C.mustbelookedafter   D.musttakecareof　　3.Allthenewwords______upinthedictionaryyet.　　A.havelooked     B.haven"tlooked 　　C.havebeenlooked   D.haven"tbeenlooked　　4.Therewasnoroomforyou.Alltheseats______.　　A. aretaken B.wastaken C.hadtaken D.hadbeentaken 　　5.Amodelship______hissonbyMrMore.　　A.wasmadefor  B.wasmadeto  C.madefor  D.makesfor　　6.----Dad,pleaseopenthedoor,it______. 　　----OK,dear.Iamcoming.　　A.waslocked   B.locks     C.islocked  D.locked　　7.Thiskindofsweater______verysoft.　　A.isfelt    B.feels     C.feel    D.isfeeling　　8.----Haveallthestudentsknownthatourclasswillvisitthefactorythisafternoon?　　----Yes.Everystudent______aboutit.　　A.told     B.hastold   C.wastold   D.tells　　9.Thecake______delicious.　　A.smell     B.issmelled    C.issmelling D.smells　　10.Myfatherhasgivenupsmokingsincehe______on.　　A.willoperate  B.willbeoperated C.operated  D.wasoperated  　　11.Anewschool______thesedays.　　A.isbuilding   B.isbuilt　　C.wellbuild   D.isbeingbuilt　　12.Thecake______delicious.　　A.smell       B.issmelled　　C.issmelling   D.smells　　13.I________therewould be afootball matchonChannel8tomato　　A.willtell  B.havetold C.wastold D.willbetold　　14.Thelibrariantoldmethatthebook______fortwoweeks.　　A.canbeborrowed  B.canbekept  C.couldbeborrowed  D.couldbekept　　15.When______thiskindofcomputer_______? 　　is;used B.was;used C.did;use D.are;used　　16.Thenewcomputers_______tothevillageschoolaspresentlastmonth.　　aregiven B.given C.weregiven D.gave　　17.Ireallydon"tknow_______aboutit.　　A.whattodo  B.howtodo C.todowhat D.howcanIdo　　18.Yourshoes_______.You"dbettercometogettheminhalfanhour.　　aremending B.havemended C.arebeing mended D.havebeenmended　　19.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister______,todayhewasmade____byher.　　A.cry;tocry  B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.tocry;cry　　20.When_____theaccident________?　　A.was;happened  B.has;happened  C.washappebeing   D.did;happen　　Key:1----5CCDDA  6----10CBCDD  11-15BDCDB  16-20CACAD　　二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。　　Someideas______(give)tocollegestudentsbyhimyesterday.　　----Doyoulikethemusic"Moonlight"?　　----Yes,it______reallybeautiful!(sound)　　Hewon"tcometothepartyunlessSue______.(invite)　　Thechairneeds______.(repair)　　"Quick"isanotherwayof______"fast".(say)　　Thiskindofbike______inthatfactory,butyoucan"tbuyitnow.(make)　　Cotton______inthecountry.(plant)　　Man-madesatellites______byChinesepeople.(send)　　Thiskindsofshoes______outbynow.(sell) 　　Theroommust______ cleaneveryday.(keep)　　Key:1.weregiven  2.sounds   3.isinvited  4.repairing/ toberepaired  5.saying6.ismade  7.isplanted 8.havebeensent   9.havebeensold  　　  10.bekept