高中英语语法-主谓一致详解及练习.doc 5页

高一语法---主谓一致主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。一．谓语动词用单数的情况1．动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。如：Buyingclothesisoftenatime-consumingjob.Tounderstandthesituationcompletelyrequiresmorethought. 2．表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。Twoweekswastoolong.Tenyuanisenough.十元钱足够了。3．一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候，谓语用复数，但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数：lawandorder          法制            soapandwater      肥皂水acupandsaucer        茶杯碟子        forkandknife      刀叉theneedleandthread    针线            trialanderror      反复尝试，不断摸索horseandcarriage      马车            timeandtide        岁月breadandbutter        奶油面包        theebbandflow    盛衰，潮涨潮落BreadandbutterisourdailyfoodTimeandtidewaitsfornoman4.代词each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。例如：Eachofushasatape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机。Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的表出问题了。5.两个用and连接的单数可数名词作主语，且第二个名词前无冠词，表示“一体”或“一双”，谓语动词用单数。例如：Thewatchandchainismadeofgold.注意：若第二个单数名词前有冠词，谓语动词需用复数。例如：Apeotandawriterhavecometospeaktous.6.当不定代词someone,somebody,anyone,anybody,evryone,evrybody,something,anything,nothing,noone,nobody,each,theother,all等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Someoneiswaitingforyououtside.7.两个用and连接而被each,every或no修饰的单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Nobookand(no)magazineisallowedtobetakenaway.Eachteacherand(each)studentwantstoseethefilm.8.当主语为“manya+单数可数名词”时，谓语动词用单数。（许多…）例如：Manyastudenthastospendtheirweekendsstudyingintheclassroom.9.当主语为“oneandahalf+可数名词复数”时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.10.当主语为“morethanone+单数可数名词”时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Morethanoneexampleisnecessarytomakethestudentsunderstandtheruleclearly.11.形式是复数，意义是单数的词：news,works(工厂)=factory,means,plastics(塑料)，politics,maths=mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Thenewsisveryexciting.Politicsisaveryimportantsubjecttous.注意：works有两层含义：works(著作；作品)=books;awork=abook;works(工厂)=factory前者作主语，谓语动词用复数；后者作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：ItissaidthatChairmanMao’sworkshavebeenpublished.5 Thatworkswevisitedyesterdayisverylarge.12.主语是一些只用复数形式的名词，如clothes,trousers,shoes,gloves等，谓语动词用复数，但当这些词前用apieceof修饰时，其谓语动词用单数。例如：Thereisapieceofshoesinthebox.13.四则运算中，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：Tenandtwoistwelve.Tenaddedtotwoistwelve.14.国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：EnglesisMarx’sbestfriend.二．谓语用复数情况1.当主语为“the+姓的复数形式”时，表示“一家人”或“一对夫妇”，谓语动词用复数。例如：TheSmithareourfriends.2.集体名词如：army,class,enemy,family,government,group,public,company,committee,team,audience(观众)作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。若将其作为一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若指其中的成员或个体，谓语则用复数。例如：Hisfamilyisn"tverylarge.　　他家不是一个大家庭。　　Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.　他的家人都是音乐爱好者。3.名词people,police,cattle,milita(民兵)，mass(群众)等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Cattlefeedongrass.4．由and,both…and,连接的并列主语，和both,afew,many,several等修饰语后面，谓语动词通常用复数形式。FewpeopleknowheandIwereclassmateswhenwewereatcollege.5．某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数Thericharenotalwaysselfish6．不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数Threemilliontonsofcoalwereexportedthatyear7.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数例如：Readingandwritingareveryimportant.读和写都是非常重要的。三．谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况1.由连词either…or…;neither…nor…;whether…or…;notonly…but(also);or等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：Eitheryouorsheistogo.要么是你走，要么是她走。NeitherInorheistoblame.我和他都不应该受责备。2.在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致Therestandsatreeonthetopofthemountain.Justoutsidetheruinsisamagnificentbuildingsurroundedbytalltrees.3.当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。　例如：Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk..桌上有笔、小刀和几本书。4．当主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与最前面的主语一致。　例如：Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.老师和一些学生在参观工厂。　HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我都想去划船。5 5.“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”，从句中的谓语动词用复数，当one前加theonly时，从句谓语动词则用单数。例如：Tomisoneoftheboyswhocometoschoolearly.Jackistheonlyoneoftheboyswhocomesontime.6.特例：A(large)quantity/mass/varietyof+可数或不可数名词+谓语动词的单数形式；(large)quantities/masses/varitiesof+可数或不可数名词+谓语动词的复数形式。7.allof,mostof,someof,therestof,halfof及分数和百分数跟名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由所跟名词的单复数而定。例如：Therestofthecomputersareonsaletoday.Therestoflectureisnotintresting.8.anumberof和thenumberof后接复数名词作主语，前者的谓语动词用复数，后者则用单数。例如：AnumberofgirlsarestillItheclassroom.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasmorethaneighty.6．某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数：第一组：agreatmany+可数名词复数                谓语用复数anumberof+可数名词复数                谓语用复数themajorityof+可数名词复数              谓语用复数第二组；thenumberof+可数名词复数              谓语用单数neither/eitherof+可数名词复数             谓语用单数oneandahalf+可数名词复数              谓语用单数第三组；morethanone+可数名词单数              谓语用单数manya+可数名词单数                    谓语用单数主谓一致专项练习题 1.EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.　　A.wereB.isC.wasD.are2.Twodays_______enoughformetofinishthework.Ineedathirdday.A.isn’tB.isC.are’t    D.are3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveraday?　—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthem_____45minutes.　　A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are4.NeitherLipingnorI_______abasketballplayer.　　A.amB.isC.beD.are5.There______manynewwordsinlessonone.Itisveryeasy.　　A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.　　A.isB.areC.hasD.have7.Maths_______myfavouritesubject.　　A.beB.isC.amD.are8.Theboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.　　A.weresleepingB.issleepingC.wassleepingD.areasle9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.　　A.areB.isC.wereD.was5 10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall.____ofuswantstogothere.　　A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some11.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.　　A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is12.—What’sontheplate?someeggsandcakesonit?　　—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.Thispairofglasses______mine.　　A.areB.beC.isD.willbe14.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.　　A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvirted15.—Twomonths______quitealongtime.　　—Yes,I’mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were16.Inthecitytheold_______.　　A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareof　　C.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof17.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily______ahappyone.　　A.are,isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,are18.Thesingerandthedancer_____cometoBeijing.　　A.has    B.haveC.areD.is19.Thechildreninthisclasseach_____newschoolbag.　　A.haveB.hasC.hasgotD.arehaving20.Allbutone_____herejustnow.　　A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were21.Youaswellashetoblame(责备)fortheaccident（交通事故）.A.areB.isC.haveD.has22.NeithermywifenorImyselfabletoteachmydaughtertosingEnglishsongs.A.hasbeenB.isC.areD.am23. Tom’s teacher and friend ___ Mr. Smith.A. has          B. are being           C. is                 D. are24.Many a student ___ that mistake before.A. had made        B. has been made     C. have made         D. has made25. Between the two buildings ___ a monument.A. is standing          B. standing         C. stands             D. stand26. Laying eggs ___ the ant queen’s full-time job.   A. have   B. has      C. are    D. is27. The whole class ___ greatly moved at his words.A. is                B. had             C. were              D. was28. Deer ___ faster than dogs.   A. will run              B. are running        C. runs         D. run29. The police ___ a prisoner.A. are searched for   B. is searching   C. are searching for   D. is searching for30. More than one answer ___ to the question.A. had given          B. were given        C. has been given     D. have been given31.When and where this took place ___ still unknown.  A. has     B. is     C. were        D. are5 主谓一致练习题参考答案(1).B(2).A(3).B(4).A  (5).B  (6).A (7).B(8).C(9).D(10).A  (11).B (12).B (13).C(14).D (15).A (16).B (17).A (18).B (19).A  (20)D(21).A (22).D5