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小学英语语法总结
名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knivesleaf——leaves5.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,child-children;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geesefish-fish,people-people,sheep-sheepdeer-deerChinese-Chinese,Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen
写出下列各词的复数I_____him______this_______her______watch________child_______photo________day______foot______book______dress______tooth______sheep______box______tea______strawberry___________diary______rice______thief______you_____peach_______man_____woman________paper_______juice________milk______sandwich__________water________wethemthesethemwatcheschildrenphotosdaysfeetbooksdressesteethsheepboxesdiaries∕∕∕∕∕∕strawberriesthievesyoupeachesmenwomensandwiches
一般现在时一般现在时的功能:1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成:be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语+行为动词+其它。如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。※当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化:①否定句:主语+benot+其它。如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。②一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它?如:-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot.※一般疑问句必须用yes/no回答,答句的主语必须是代词。③特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?如:-Whereismybike?-It’sthere,underthetree.
2.行为动词的变化:①否定句:主语+don‘t(doesn’t)+动词原形+其它。如:Idon"tlikebread.※当主语为第三人称单数,用doesn‘t构成否定句如:Hedoesn"toftenplay.②一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它?如:-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.※当主语为第三人称单数,要用does构成一般疑问句如:-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.③特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?如:-Howdoyougotoschool?-Igotoschoolonfoot.
动词单数第三人称(简称:单三)的变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接加s如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾,加es如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i,再加es如:study-studies
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink______go_______stay______make______look______have_______pass______carry_______二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We__________(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick__________(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6._______yourparents______(read)newspaperseveryday?7.Thegirl________(teach)usEnglishonSundays.8.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.drinksgoesstaysmakeslookshaspassescarrieshasaredon’twatchdoesn’tgoDolikeDoreadteachestake
三、按照要求改写句子DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)_____________________________________Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)________________________________________________________Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)_______________________________________________________4.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)_____________________________________Danieldoesn’twatchTVeveryevening.Doyoudoyourhomeworkeveryday?No,Idon’t.Doesshelikemilk?Yes,shedoes.Wedon’tgotoschooleverymorning.
五、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1.Is yourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays.__________________Does______likeplaying/toplay____teaches______doesn’t____
现在进行时1、现在进行时用法:①现在正在进行或发生的动作,②当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2、现在进行时的肯定句:be+V-ing.3、现在进行时的否定句:be+not。4、现在进行时的一般疑问句:be→句首。5、现在进行时的特殊疑问句:疑问词+be动词+主语+doing+其它?※疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词+be动词+doing+其它?
动词+ing的变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook---cooking2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make---making,taste---tasting3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing如:run---running,stop---stopping
现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:run_______swim_______make______begin______go_______like______write______shop_______have______sing ______dance_______put______see______love_______live______take______come_______ get______stop______sit_______smoke______runningswimmingmakingbeginninggoinglikingwritingshoppinghavingsingingdancingputtingseeinglovinglivingtakingcominggettingstoppingsittingsmoking
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.Theboy____________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls___________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother________(cook)somenicefood now.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They_________(have)anEnglishlesson.isdrawingaresingingiscookingaredoingarehaving
三、句型转换:Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)____________________________________________________________________2.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_____________________________________________________________________Aretheydoinghousework?Theyaren’tdoinghousework.Arethestudentscleaningtheclassroom?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.
一般将来时一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow等。二、基本结构:①begoingtodo;②willbe/do.
三、否定句:①begoingtodo→benotgoingtodo②willbe/do→won’tbe/do例如:I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.IwillgotoBeijingnextmonth.→Iwon’tgotoBeijingnextmonth.四、一般疑问句:①be或will提到句首;②如果有some,改为any;如果有and,改为or;③第一二人称互换。例如:Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.
五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况:1、问人。(Who)例如:I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.2、问干什么。(What…do)例如:Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethis afternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3、问什么时候。(When)例如:She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoing tobed?
六、begoingto与will:①一般情况下可以互换:Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.②区别:A、be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will表示的将来时间则较远一些He is going to write a letter tonight.He will write a book one day.B、be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.
C、be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.D、be going to含有“计划,准备”的意思,will则没有这个意思She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.E、在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to,而多用willIf any beasts come at you, I"ll stay with you and helpyou.
will和be going to的选用原则关于“打算”:①原先作好的打算用“begoing to”“Kateisin hospital.”“凯特在住院。”“Yes,I know. I am going to see her this afternoon.”“是的,我知道。我下午要去看她。”②说话时即时的打算用“will”“Kate is in hospital.”“凯特在住院。”“Oh,really, I didn’tknow. I will go and see herat once.”“哦,是吗?我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。”inhospital住院inthehospital在医院里立刻,马上
2.关于“预料”:①在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“be going to”;Look at the clouds. It’sgoing to rain.你看天上的云。快下雨了。My God! We are going to crash.天哪!我们快撞车了。②在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will或be going to”皆可;I think the weather will be nice.我想天会晴朗。=I think the weather is going to be nice.③当动词表示内心活动时,表示猜测的句子必须用“will”。I think she will like the cake I made for her.我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。
练习:填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I______haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What______________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.(同义句)3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。____yourmother_________goshoppingthis________?Yes,she____.She______________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面?Whattime______you___________meet?amgoingtowillareyougoingtodoamgoingtoIsgoingtoweekendisisgoingtoaregoingto
用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Todayisasunnyday.We________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.2. Mybrother_________(go)toShanghainextweek.3.Tomoften______(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrainy.He________(go)toschoolbybike.4. Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually________(watch)TVand_________(catch)insects?5.It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She______________(watch)TVand__________(catch)insects.aregoingtohaveisgoinggoeswillgowatchcatchisgoingtodoisgoingtowatchcatch
一般过去时1.功能:①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.谓语动词是be动词时,be的变化:⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)3.谓语动词是其他实意动词时,动词变过去式,否定和疑问借用助动词did如:Iwenttoschoolat8o’clockyesterday.Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.DidJimgohomeyesterday.
动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work---worked,2.结尾是e加d,如:live---lived3.重读的“辅·元·辅”结构(末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节),双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed如:stop---stopped,begin---beginning/bɪʹgɪn/4.以“辅音字母y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study---studied
5.不规则动词过去式:am/is---was,eat---ateare---were,take---took,do---did,run---ran,see---saw,sing---sang,say---said,put---put,give---gave,make---made,get---got,read---read,go---went,write---wrote,come---came,draw---drew,have---had,drink---drank,swim-swam,sit---sat
一、 用动词的适当形式填空1.It______(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall______(have)agoodtimelastnight.3.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen________(milk)acowonFriday.5.Shelikes________newspapers,butshe_____abookyesterday.(read)6._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.7.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.washadjumpedmilkedreadingreadDidsweepdidn’twatched
形容词和副词
形容词:①是修饰名词(人或事物),表示名词的性质、特征或属性一种词类。②它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。形容词和副词的概念副词:①是用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词。②副词在句中多作状语。
形容词和副词的用法①形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如:anewbook,twobigtrees等。②形容词作表语放在系动词be、look、get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、grow、smell等之后。如:1.Iamshort.2.Shelooksfine.3.Theyturngreen.
③如果形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时,要放在不定代词后面。如:somethinginteresting,nothingnew④副词放在所修饰的be动词之后、行为动词之前;形容词和副词之前。如:1.Sheworkshard.(修饰动词)2.Iamverybusy.(修饰形容词)3.Herunstooquickly.(修饰副词)4.Weplayhappily.(修饰动词)
⑤通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。slow→______real→______usual→______careful→______easy→______happy→______heavy→______angry→______slowlyusuallyeasilyheavilyreallycarefullyhappilyangrily
形容词和副词的级一、形容词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级、最高级1.原级:即形容词和副词的原形。small,good,pretty,big,manyhard,happily,slowly,quickly①程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容词和副词的原级。如:verytall、toohot、socoldquiteinteresting、runquickly
②as…as,(与…一样);notas(so)…as(与…不一样)的中间用原级。Thestoryisasinterestingasthatone.Thequestionisnotas/sodifficultasthatone.2.比较级:①两个人或物之间的比较②表示“较……”或“更……一些”③标志词:than(比)④构成:A.单音节词通常是-er结尾;B.多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加more.
3.最高级:①三个或三个以上的人或物之间的比较。②表示“最……”的意思。③标志词:in+大范围;ofall;of+the+具体的数字④单音节词通常是-est结尾;多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加most.⑤※在形容词的最高级前必须加the;副词之前可以不加。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方式一、规则变化
二、不规则变化:good/well→→bad/badly/ill→→many/much→→little→→betterbestworseworstmoremostlessleastold→→far→→older/elderoldest/eldestfarthest/furthestfarther/further
important_______________________________easy______________________________________wet_______________________________________happy____________________________________careful__________________________________thin___________________________________good____________________________________hot______________________________________easily____________________________________many____________________________________nice____________________________________big_____________________________________heavy__________________________________delicious________________________________much____________________________________给出下列词的比较级和最高级moreimportantmostimportanteasiereasiestwetterwettesthappiesthappiermorecareful
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:①两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。②比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。③than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词比较级的规则变化:⑴一般在词尾加er;⑵以字母e结尾,加r;⑶“辅·元·辅”结构,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er;⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er。
3、不规则形容词比较级:good/well---better,bad/ill---worselittle---less,old---older/eldermany/much---more
二、副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better,far-farther
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级short________ strong_______ big________small_______fat_________ thin________ heavy________ light________nice________ good_______ beautiful_______________ low_________ high________ slow_______fast________late_______early________ far_________well_______二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.
5.______Nancysing_____(well)thanHelen?Yes,she___.6.Fangfangisnotas____(tall)astheothergirls.7.Myeyesare__________(big)than_____(she).8.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?9._____thegirlsgetup______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.
三、翻译句子:1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。_______is_______thanJim?______are.2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike___.Allmy____ ____ _____thanme.3.谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。________pencilis_________,______or______?________is,Ithink.4.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_____ _____ ______thanmy______.5.多做运动,你会更强壮。____moreexercise,you’ll____ ____soon.
Therebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe句型表示:在某地有某人/物2、在therebe句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定(就近原则)。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别:therebe表示在某地有某人/物;have(has)表示某人拥有某物。
5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语?Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:What’s+介词短语
Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_________atape-recorder.4.____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.
人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。
人称代词和物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemtheirtheirs
用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Thatisnot_____kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but____isverybig. (I)2. Thedressis____.Giveitto_____(she).3. ___ismybrother.___nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare___(he).4. Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s______?(you)5. Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)
用am,is,are填空。1.That______myredskirt.2.Who______I?3.Thejeans______onthedesk.4.Theblackgloves______ forSuYang.5.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.6.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.7.Sometea______intheglass.