2 代词—专升本英语语法 59页

专升本英语语法——代词篇 代词的分类人称代词物主代词反身代词不定代词指示代词疑问代词 第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you(你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they(他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)You(你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them(他们,她们,它们)人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。Theyalllikehimverymuch.他们都很喜欢他。Shegavethebookstoyouandme.这些书是她送给你和我的。2.在itis/was...that/who...强调句型中，若被强调部分作主语，虽然跟在is/was后，也用主格形式。ItisIwhodidit.这件事是我做的。3.在比较状语从句中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代词代替主格代词。Jackisasgoodastudentashe/him. 若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格。HelovesyoumorethanI.他爱我胜过我爱你。Helovesyoumorethanme.他爱你胜过爱我。4.用来表示感叹时，常用宾格形式。Dearme！天哪！Goodnessme！天哪! She的用法：she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等，以表达喜爱、亲切之情。Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。 2.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为单数场合：you＋he/she＋IYou,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她都喜欢音乐。复数场合：we＋you＋theyWe,youandtheyareallChinese.男女并列场合：he＋sheHeandshedon"tagreewithme. it的用法：1.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。What’stheweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。2.it可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.—Whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadteacher. 3.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳。It’shardtoreachtheapples.很难够到苹果。It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。 it的常用结构：A.代替动名词：itisnousedoingsth.做某事没用。itisnogooddoingsth.做某事没好处。B.代替that从句itisapitythat....可惜的是。。。itisafactthat...事实上是。。。itiscertainthat...一定。。。itisnecessarythat...有必要。。。ithappenedthat...碰巧。。。itissaidthat...据说。。。itisreportedthat...据报道。。。itturnsoutthat...结果是。。。 1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyanew__.A.itB.oneC.that 固定句型1.做某事情对某人来说是…Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.Itishardformetodothiswork.2.轮到某人做…It’sone’sturntodosth.It’syourturntocleantheroom.3.是（某人）做某事的时候了It’stime(forsb.)todosth.It’stimeforyoutodothehomework.4.据说…It’ssaidthat…It’ssaidthatyourteacherleaveourschool. 5.某人花费…做某事Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。Itis/hasbeen+时段+since+从句(过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是…的findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todo Ifound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.A.it’sB.itC.that2.It__myfatherawholemonthtogoonbusiness.A.spentB.costC.took 二.物主代词人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性名词性myouryouryourhisheritstheirmineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs 2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。Thesebooksaren"tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours) 2.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属Asisterofhisisanurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。Tomisafriendofmine.汤姆是我的一个朋友。 1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him 4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’s 人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词 1.反身代词常见固定搭配过得愉快自学请随便吃…自言自语独自为自己不要客气陶醉／沉浸于自己穿衣服照顾自己enjoyoneselfteach/learnoneselfsth.helponeselftosth.saytooneselfbyoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself 注意：1）oneself有单复数之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.2）反身代词可以加强名词或代词的语气，一般表示“亲自，本人”的意思。Icanmanageitmyself.我自己能处理。3）反身代词的动词短语。（P25） Themanisrich,hecanbuy___alotofthings.A.heB.hisC.himself2.---Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?---Imadeitby_____.A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help____tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your 不定代词不明确指代某个人、某些人、某些食物的代词叫做不定代词。all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,noone由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词 it,one,theone,ones,theones,that与those的区别it,one,theone,ones,theones,that与those都可以替代上文出现过的名词，但它们所指代的情况不同。具体区别如下：其中it通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物。Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon"thaveenoughmoneytobuyit.其余几个词替代上文提到的名词时不表示同一个，而是同一类。除了替代不同类型的名词外，还有泛指与特指的区别。P28替代不可数名词只能用that。 几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/anysome（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句Doyouhaveanypicture-books? 注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中，希望对方给予肯定的回答或料想对方会作肯定回答。Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉吗？MayIasksomequestions?我可以问问题吗？CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃苹果吗？Willyougivemesomewater?你能给我些水吗？ 2.many/muchmany修饰或指代复数名词Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.Manyofuslikeplayinggames.much修饰或指代不可数名词Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish. 3.another/otheranother泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.other后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?4.theother/others/theotherstheother1.特指两个中的另一个Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too. others泛指其他的人或物Heoftenhelpsothers.Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys. 5.few/afew/little/alittlefew/afew修饰可数名词little/alittle修饰不可数名词few,little表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点” Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Don’tworry.Thereis____timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!____peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few 6.every/eachevery＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用Everychildlikesplayinggames.each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.Eachofthemhasaniceskirt. eacheveryeach(常与of连用)every两者或以上的每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物everyother…每隔…Eg:everyotherday每隔一天=everytwodays①Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet.A．everyB．eachC．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天来这里。Hecamehere__________day.everyother 7.all/noneall“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前P30WeareallfromCanada.TheyalllikeEnglish.none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs. nonenoonenonenoone没有什么人/物“没有人”只能指人回答howmany问句回答who问句noneof+复数名词/them谓语用单数①Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②Whoisintheroom?—___.A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom 8.both/either/neitherboth“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数Neitheranswerisright. either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet. 有关词组及应用bothof/eitherof/neitherofBothofthemswimwell.他们俩都游得很好。EitherofyougoestoBeijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。 eitherof两者之一+复数名词/them/us谓单neitherof两者都不谓单bothof两者都谓复①___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②Bothofhisparents___teachers.A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeitherneitherboth both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.Tom和Lucy都在二年级。Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.我和他今天都没空。 eitherneitherboth①EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②NeitheryounorI___ascientist.A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither…or…或者…或者…就近原则neither…nor…两者都不both…and…两者都复数谓语 ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.eitherLucyandLily___agreewithus.A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare____fine.A.bothB.allC.no 不定代词含义数量关系作定语时名词的数作主语时动词的数both两者都=2复数复数either两者中的任何一个=2单数单数neither两者都不=2单数单数all三者或三者以上都≥3单数或复数单数或复数none三者或三者以上都不≥3○单数或复数each每一个≥2单数单数every每一个≥3单数单数 9.something/anything/nothingsomebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythingelseinthebox?Nobodycananswerthequestion.every,everyone,everybody,everything与not连用表示部分否定，意为“并非每个.....都.....”Everymanisnothonest.=Noteverymanishonest. 1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike___?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelse oneit①Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.A.itB.oneC./②Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.A.itB.oneC./one同类不同件．it同类同件． 指示代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物that,those指在方位上较远的人或物Thisismyshirt,that’syours.TheseTVsaremadeinChina,ThosearemadeinJapan. 2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat. 四.指示代词①ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.A.thatB.thisC.it②TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.A.thatB.theseC.those③WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.A.itB.thisC.that 疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich通常做主语宾语定语表语Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?做主语Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?做宾语 WhichbusdoIneed?做定语What’syourfather?做表语注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用WhomWithwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(错) Tryitout()1Isthisyourfootball,boys?No,itisnot____A.yoursB.ourC.mineD.ours()2Thebirdbuilds____nestinthetree.A.herB.itsC.it’sD.hers()3Themathsproblem____iswrong.A.himselfB.heC.itselfD.herselfDBC ()4Ihavefivepencils,oneisred,____isblueand___aregreen.A.another,theotherB.theother,othersC.others,theothersD.another,theothers()5Ihavefound____ontheInternet.A.afewinformationsB.alittleinformationsC.afewinformationD.alittleinformationDD ()6IhaveChemistryclasses____day,Monday,WednesdayandFriday.A.eachotherB.everyotherC.thisandotherD.allother()7--____isthemanunderthetree?--Jim’sfather.A.WhenB.WhatC.WhereD.WhoBD 课堂达标 11.Thisstickis____.A.himB.heC.his12.Heisalwaysreadytohelp____.A.anotherB.theotherC.others13.______isJack’saunt.A.HeB.SheC.It14.Shesentseveralcardsto____ofherfriends.A.someB.anyC.no15._____subjectsdoyouhavethisterm?A.WhichB.WhoseC.What16._____ofthemhasacomputer.A.EachB.EveryC.All17.Canyourbrotherlookafter_____?A.himselfB.himC.his 8Whichof_____bikesisyours?A.thisB.thatC.these19._____aregoodfriends.A.You,heandIB.She,youandIC.I,youandhe20.Shehasn’tbrought_____pentoday.Willyoulendher_____?A.her,yourB.hers,yoursC.her,yours21.Very_____ofthemknewthehotel.A.fewB.littleC.afew22.Thejacketistooshort.Pleaseshowme____.A.otherB.anotherC.one23.Somecitypeoplegrowvegetables_____.A.herselfB.himselfC.themselves 用恰当的词填空。Iamastudent._____nameisLily.Ioftenteach________English.2.Tomistooyoung.Pleaselookafter________.3.Heisfourteen._____nameisTom.Thisbookis____.Hecanlookafter_______.4.We’llgofishinglater.Wouldyouliketocomewith______?5.Lookingattheboys._____areplayinggames._______namesareMikeandBill.Theyenjoy____________.MymyselfhimHishishimselfusTheyTheirthemselves