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中考英语语法难点汇总试题与答案 中考英语语法难点汇总 介词 I.要点 1、介词和种类 (1)简单介词,常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。 (2)复合介词,如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。 2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1)和动词的搭配,如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。 (2)和形容词的搭配,如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat等。 (3)和名词的搭配,如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等。 3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少数几个副词。如: Hecamerightafter
dinner. Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool. 4、某些介词的意义与用法举例 (1)at,on,in(表时间) 表示时间点用at,如atfouro’clock,atmidnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。 指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等。 指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,inSummer,in1999等。 (2)between,among(表位置) between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between,如 I’msittingbetweenTomandAlice. Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如: Heisthebestamongthestudents. (3)beside,besides beside意为”在……旁边”,而besides意为”除……之外”。如: Hesatbeside
me. Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis? (4)inthetree,onthetree inthetree指动物或人在树上,而onthetree指果实、树叶长在树上 (5)ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthisway ontheway指在路上intheway指挡道 bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法 (6)inthecorner,atthecorner inthecorner指在拐角内atthecorner指在拐角外 (7)inthemorning,onthemorning inthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨 (8)bybus,onthebus bybus是一般说法onthebus特指乘某一辆车 II.例题 例1.Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English? A.exceptB.butC.besideD.besides 解析:A、B两项except等于but,意为”除了……”,C-beside意为”在……旁边”,不符合题意。而D-besides,
意为”除了……之外,还有”。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为:除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗? 例2.Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight. A.onB.atC.inD.during 解析:我们均知道,atnight这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案为A。 例3.I’mlookingforward____yourletter. A.toB.inC.atD.on 解析:该题正确答案为A。lookforwardto为固定搭配,意为”期望、盼望”。 连词 I.要点 1、连词的种类 (1)并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如and,for,or,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。 (2)从属连词用来引导从句,如that,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。 除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。 2、常用连词举例 (1)and和,并且 Theydrankandsangall
night. (2)both…and和,既……也…… BothmyparentsandIwentthere. (3)but但是,而 I’msad,butheishappy. (4)either…or或……或……,要么……要么…… Eitheryou’rewrong,orIam. (5)for因为 Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim. (6)however然而,可是 Atfirst,hedidn’twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo. (7)neither…nor既不……也不 Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou. (8)notonly…but(also)不但……而且…… Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell. (9)or或者,否则 Hurryup,oryou’llbelate. Areyouaworkeroradoctor? (10)so因此,所以 It’sgettinglate,soImustgo. (11)although虽然 Althoughitwaslate,theywenton
working. (12)assoonas一……就…… I’lltellhimassoonasIseehim. (13)because因为 Hedidn’tgotoschool,becausehewasill. (14)unless除非,如果不 Iwon’tgounlessitisfinetomorrow. (15)until直到…… Hedidn’tleaveuntileleven.(瞬间动词用于not…until结构) Hestayedthereuntileleven. (16)while当……时候,而(表示对比) WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine.(while后不可用瞬间动词) Mypenisredwhilehisisblue. (17)for因为 Hewasill,forhedidn’tcome.(结论是推断出来的) (18)since自从…… Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft. (19)hardly…when一……就 Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft. (20)asfaras就……来说 AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisvery
small. Youmaywalkasfarasthelake.(一直走到湖那里) II.例题 例1.Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David. A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas 解析:该题意为:John踢足球如果不比David好的话,那也踢得和David一样好。和…一样好为aswellas.故该题正确答案为B. 例2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter. A.whenB.whereC.whichD.while 解析:该处意为”然而”,只有while有此意思,故选D。 例3.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway? A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise 解析:该处意为”或者”,正确答案为C。 动词时态、语态 I.要点 1、一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes,always,often,everyday等时间状语连用。如:Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool.
(2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。如:Theearthgoesroundthesun. 2、现在进行时 (1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now,atpresent等时间状语连用。如: Whatareyoudoingnow? (2)和always,continually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。如: Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds. 3、现在完成时 主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just,already,sofar,once,never等词连用。如:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing? 4、一般将来时 表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow,nextyear等连用。如: I’llmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning. We’regoingtoseeafilmnextMonday. 5、一般过去时 表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,lastyear,in1998,amomentago等词连用。如:Ithappenedmanyyears
ago. 6、过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如: Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday? 7、过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如: Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived. 8、一般过去将来时 表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如: Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidn’t. 9、被动语态被动语态的时态,以give为例。 时/式 一般进行完成 现在amis givenareamis beingarehas beengivenhave 过去was givenwerewasbeinggivenwerehadbeengiven 将来shall begivenwillshall havebeengivenwill 过去将来should begivenwouldshould havebeengivenwould II.例题 例1.Ilearnedthatherfather____in1950. A.haddiedB.diedC.deadD.is
dead 解析:该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in1950,所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态。 例2.Thefive-year-oldgirl____byherparents. A.islookedB.haslookedfor C.isbeinglookedforD.hasbeenlooked 解析:该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中。 短语动词 I.要点 英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种: (1)动词+介词 常见的有lookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,hearof(from),addto,leadto等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如: Don’tlaughatothers. Ididn’tcareabout
it. (2)动词+副词 常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,pointout等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow. Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin. (3)动词+副词+介词 常见的有lookdownupon,goonwith,breakawayfrom,addupto,catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如: Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$100. Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork. (4)动词+名词+介词 常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting. Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime. (5)动词+形容词 常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutopen
等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如: Theprisonersweresetfree. Hecutitopen. (6)动词+名词 常见的有takeplace,makefriends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如: Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago. Imakefriendswithalotofpeople. (7)辨析 giveaway(让给,暴露)和giveup(放弃,停止) putaway(放起,收起)和putout(扑灭) turnup(出席,放大)和turnon(打开) keepout(阻止)和keepoff(不让靠近) makeup(编造,补上)和makeout(辨认) takeoff(脱,起飞)和takeout(拿出) II.例题 例1.Itiswisetohavesomemoney____foroldage. AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup 解析:该题正确putaway“储存”;giveaway意为”分发”;layup”贮藏”。 例2.Here’smycard.Let’skeepin____. A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.
friendship 解析:该题正确答案为A.keepintouch为短语动词,意为”保持联系”。 例3.____!There’satraincoming. ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon 解析:该题选A.lookout意为”小心”。 动词不定式 I.要点 1、不定式的形式。以动词write为例。 式|语态主动语态被动语态 一般式towritetobewritten 完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten 进行式tobewriting 完成进行式tohavebeenwriting 2、不定式的句法功能 (1)作主语 Tohearfromyouisnice. Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy. 不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词后。如:It’snicetohearfromyou. It’snoteasytobeagoodteacher. (2)
作宾语 通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等词后。如:Iforgottolockthedoor. Pleaseremembertowritetome. (3)作表语 Myjobistopickupletters. Heseemedtohaveheardnothing. (4)作定语 不定式作定语时,须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如: Ihavetwoletterstowrite. Ihavealotofworktodo. (5)作宾补 通常用于want,wish,ask,order,tell,know,help,advise,allow,cause,force等词后。如: Heorderedhertoleaveatonce. Hewasforcedtoobeyhisorder. (6)作状语 Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus. Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents. (7)作独立成分 Totellyouthetruth,Itolda
lie. (8)”疑问词+不定式”结构。如: Idon’tknowhowtochoosethem. Icannotdecidewheretogo. (9)不定式的否定式。如: Idecidednottogo. (10)不定式的完成式。如: HeseemedtohavecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein. Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttothehospitallastweek. (11)too…to结构。如: Hewastooexcitedtogotosleep. Hewasonlytoogladtogo.(他太高兴了,乐意去。) (12)主动表被动。如: Thebookiseasytoread. Ihaveabooktoread. II.例题 例1.Ihaven’tgotachair____. A.tositB.fortositonC.tositonD.forsitting 解析:该题选C。不定式tositon在句中作定语,修饰名词chair.因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是”动宾关系”,所以不定式必须是及物动词,故此处on
不能省略。 例2.Hewasmade____.A.goB.goneC.goingD.togo 解析:该题选D。makesb.dosth.如果是被动形式,不定式do前的to不能省略。 例3.Anewfactoryis____verysoon. A.tobebuiltB.builtC.tobuildD.tobuilding 解析:该题选A。istobebuilt意为”将要被建。 相关练习题 1.-Haveyougotsomewatertodrink? -Hereyouare.There___stillsomeinthebottle. A.areB.wereC.isD.was 2._____theremanyAmericanfriendsintheschoollastFriday? A.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were 3.There____agreatmanyaccidentslastyear. A.wereB.areC.isD.was 4.-Howmanychildren____inthepicture? -Three. A.hasthereB.isthereC.havethereD.arethere 5.In1850,aboutathirdofU.S.A___coveredbyforests. A.wereB.hasbeenC./D.
was 6.Mostofourearth____coveredbywater. A.areB.isC.wasD.were 7.Sunday____thefirstdayoftheweek. A.isB.areC.amD.be 8.Neither___right. A.answersareB.answersaren’tC.answerisD.answerisn’t 9.Thepopulationoftheworld____still____now. A.has;grownB.will;growC.is;growingD.isgrown 10.There____manypeoplerunningintheparkeverymorning. A.isB.wereC.areD.have 11.Thesepoliceoften___thechildrenacrossthestreet. A.helpB.helpsC.helpingD.ishelping 12.___goingtoEnglandbyairnextweek. A.TheGreenfamilyareB.TheGreensfamilyare C.TheGreen’sfamilyareD.Greenfamilyare 13.Thewholefamily____enjoyingthebeautifulmusicnow. A.isallB.allisC.allareD.areall 14.Ourclass___big. A.isB.areC.wereD.
will 15.NeitherhenorI____fromCanada.WearefromAustralia. A.isB.areC.amD.be 16.Eitheryouorhe____right. A.areB.isC.doesD.were 17.NeitherMarynorherbrother____goodatsinging. A.isB.areC.isnotD.arenot 18.NotonlyTombutalsoAliceandMary____busy. A.isB.wasC.areD.has 19.Physics___interestingtous. A.areB.hasC.isD.were 20Thenews____exciting.Wegotexcitedatit. A.isB.wasC.wereD.are 21.Thoughmathematics____hard,weallworkatithard. A.areB.wereC.wasD.is 参考答案: 1.C2.D3.A