- 26.52 KB
- 2022-06-17 15:30:44 发布
- 1、本文档共5页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
- 文档侵权举报电话:19940600175。
形容词和副词正误辨析[误]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.[析]定冠词加形容词表示一类人,应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数,如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美丽并不总代表善良。[误]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.[正]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.[析]意为:"危险已经过去,最困难的状况已结束。"用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。[误]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.[析]golden在英语中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金发,guldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表达金质的,如:agoldbar金条,agoldcoin金币,但goldfish金鱼例外。[误]Sheisawarmheartwoman.[正]Sheisawarmheartedwoman.[析]英语形容词的构词法很多,其中之一是由形容词,或数词,加名词加ed构成,如:warmhoarted热心肠的,whitehaired白毛的[误]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.[析]在初中范围内所学到的以a字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语,只能作表语。如:Thefishisalive.(鱼还活着)这样的形容词有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。[误]Theillmannearlydied.[正]Thesickmannearlydied.[析]ill一般不作定语来形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表语时则都可以。如:Heisillsick,ill作定语时则另有他意,如:illluck(厄运),illnature(天性恶劣),illtemper(心绪不好)[误]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.[正]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.[析]不定代词something,anyone,somebody…在用形容词修饰时,形容词应放其后。但要注意thing则不是不定代词,不符合上述规律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.[误]I"llbefreeonnextSunday.[正]I"llbefreenextSunday.[析]在表达将来时的时候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundaylastweek,lastyear前都不加介词。[误]Thegirlistwoyearold.[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.[正]Sheisatwoyearoldgirl[析]由连字符连接若干名词、数词……组成的形容词,在学习时要记住两点,其一是这些词中的名词都不要用复数形式,如:twothousandwordreport(两千字的报告);其二是这样构成的形容词只能作定语,即用于名词之前,而不能作表语。[误]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.[正]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.[析]在名词前若有几个形容词作修饰语时,其顺序如下。1.指示代词,定冠词2.数量词3.性质词4.大小5.形状6.老少,新旧7.颜色8.
材料但要注意的是英语的习惯是一个名词前的形容词一般不要多于三个。如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.[误]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.[正]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.[析]good是形容词,这里是修饰动词speak的,所以应用副词well,但well作形容词讲时只作身体好。如:Heiswell.(他身体很好)。Heisgood.(他是个好人)。[误]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily[析]多音节y结尾的形容词变为副词时应将y变为i再加ly.[误]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.[析]英语中感观动词后面要接形容词,这时它是修饰主语的,如:Thefoodsmellsgood.食物闻起来很香。Theteacherlookedangry老师看起来很生气。而此句的意思为:"老师生气地看着学生",所以应用副词形式。[误]Heworkedwithmefriendly.[正]Hewasfriendlytome.[析]不是所有结尾是ly的词都是副词,但friendly是形容词,这样的词还有lovely,lonely,costly,lively…monthlyweekly…。但其中有些词既是副词,又是形容词,如:early,hourly,monthly…[误]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.[析]free作为形容词意为"自由的,有空闲的,免费的"。作为副词讲则是"免费"之意。而freely作为副词则是"自由的,随便的"。这些要注意的词还有:hard努力,艰苦hardly几乎不late迟,晚lately最近的,最新的near近nearly几乎like像likely几乎[误]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.[正]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.[析]bynow是用于表达到目前为止某一动作已经发生,所以应用瞬间动词。而tillnow是强调某一动作一直持续到现在,所以一定要用持续性动词。musthave+过去分词是对过去某一事情所作的肯定推测。[误]Someonecalledyourightnow.[正]Someonecalledyoujustnow.[析]justnow有两个意思,其一是"刚才",其二是"现在",而rightnow只能用于现在的状态。just则用于完成时态,如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.[误]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.[析]presently有两个意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美语中是现在之意,与atpresent相同。而forthepresent为暂时,如:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent.[误]I"llbebackatthemoment.[正]I"llbebackinamoment.[析]atthemoment其意为"现在,当时",而inamoment意为"马上过一会",与inaminute意思相近。[误]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.
[正]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.[析]ontime为"准时",而intime有两个含意。其一是"及时",如:Thedoctorarrivedintime。其二是"将来,终究"。[误]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.[析]Sometime过去,或者将来某时。Sometimes有时如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.Sometime一些时间如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.Sometimes几次如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.attimes有时,偶尔atalltimes经常someothertime改天[误]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.[正]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.*ago用在时间状语中时,主句中谓语动词一般用过去时,而before用于时间状语时则主句的谓语动词宜用完成时态。[误]Hestudiedveryhard.andattheendhepassedtheexam.[正]Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.[析]intheend=atlast意为"最终,终于",表达经过若干努力而达到的结果。而attheend是在某事的结束时如何如何,如:Attheendofclass,theteachergaveussomestorybooks。[误]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.[正]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.[析]everythreedays为"每三天",即每隔二天,而everyotherday为每隔一天。[误]Hedidn"tgotothecinemayesterday.andIdidn"tgo,too.[正]Hedidn"tgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidn"tgoeither.[析]英语中表示"也",有4个字,also,aswell,too,either,但either用于否定句中,而前3个用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too与aswell一般要用在句尾,而also则可用于句中。如:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如:I"vealsoreadherothernovels.[误]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.[正]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.[析]anyway为"不管怎么"讲,"无论如何",如:Whataterribleaccident,anywaynoonewashurt.anyway为"任何方式"。这种常见的错误还发生在以下几组词中,如:everyday日常的everyday每天faraway遥远的faraway远离altogether总计alltogether一块,大家一起already已经allready全准备好了[误]Youcancometothedoctor"satanytime.[正]Youcancometothedoctor"satanytime.[析]anytime是副词而anytime中的time是名词。[误]Shesaidnearlynothing.[正]Shesaidalmostnothing.[析]nearly与almost的含意相近,在很多场合可以互换,但在否定词前用almost。
[误]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.[正]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.[析]toomuch后接不可数名词,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加可数名词,muchtoo后面加形容词,如:ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.[误]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式,或不定式的复合结构:forsomebodytodosomething。[误]Thetwinsareveryalike.[正]Thetwinsaremuchalike.[析]用a为首字母的形容词不能用very修饰,一般要用much来修饰。[误]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents?-Onceaweek.[正]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents?-Onceaweek.[析]英文与中文表达法不同,隔多长时间办一次某事,实际上问的是该事发生的频率,所以要用howoften。[误]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,I"llcallupyou.[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,I"llcallyouup.[析]当动词词组的宾语是人称代词时则一定要放于动词之后,如果是名词则可以放在词组其后。如:IwanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也可以讲:PleaseturntheTVon.[误]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.[正]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.[析]副词在句中的位置很活,但主要有以下几种用法:①实意动词之前,如:Hequicklygivemetheanswer.②在be动词之后,如:Thelittleboyisoftenlateforclass.③第一助动词之后,如:Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.④在单独使用的be动词和助动词之前,如:Canyouhelpmethisafternoon?Icertainlycan.但是无论如何也不能将副词置于动词与宾语之间,如果是宾语从句或是很长的名词词组作宾语则才可以这样用:Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.[误]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.[析]表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句首。[误]Youhavefewnewbooks,haven"tyou?[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou?[析]英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有few(很少,几乎没有),afew(有一些,几个);修饰不可数名词的有little(很少,几乎没有),alittle(有一点,有一些)。要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中时则应看作是肯定句。
[误]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.[析]quitea为一固定用法,其意为"十分,相当,所以"。quiteafew=many,quitealittle
=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.[误]Doyouwanttohavemanybread?[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread?[析]some与any都可以用作形容词、副词或代词,在一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑问句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答复时,应用some。其次是some可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。[误]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis?[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.[析]在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时,这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式,如:ashoeshop鞋店afruitshop水果店abookshop书店apostoffice邮局apolicestation警察局abusstop汽车站[误]Heisweakatphysics.[正]Heisweakinphysics.[析]在表达擅长于作某事时用begoodatsomething,而其反意词为bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething。[误]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.[析]beworth后可接动、名词表达值得作某事,又可接价格、金钱表示值多少钱。[误]Don"tafraidofthat.[正]Don"tbeafraidofthat.[析]afraid在英文中是形容词而不是动词。这样的词组还有:beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心becertainof有把握,确定besureof确信begladof高兴besickof厌恶befondof喜欢[误]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.[析]well与badly作副词时,表示好坏,如果句子是被动语态,则应放在过去分词之前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主动语态,则应放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.[误]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中,如:Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.[误]Look.Herecomeshe![正]Look!Herehecomes![误]Look!Herethebuscomes![正]Look!Herecomesthebus![析]在句子开头用Here时,如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序,如果主语是名词则要用倒装语序。
[误]Sheismyoldersister.[正]Sheismyeldersister.[析]elder和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系,而older,oldest则是指岁数大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.[误]I"mtired.Ican"tgofurther.[正]I"mtired.Ican"tgofarther.[析]far有两个比较级farther较远的,further进一步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最高级。farthest和furthest.[误]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.[析]ago常与过去时连用,而before则多与完成时连用。[误]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?-No,notalready.[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?-No,notyet.[析]仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already,yet与still。要注意的是already经常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑问句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still则常用于主语与谓语动词之间,如:Westillcan"tdecidewhattodo.但也有时用于be动词之后,如:Heisstillhere.[误]HeisveryhigherthanIam.[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.[析]much可以用来修饰比较级,而very则用来修饰形容词原级,如:I"mverytired.[误]-CanIwalktothestation?-You"dbetternot.Itisveryfar.[正]-CanIwalktothestation?-You"dbetternot,Itisalongway.[析]for一般用在疑问句与否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestation?又如:Itisn"tfar.[误]I"veeverbeentoAmerica.[正]I"vebeentoAmericaonce.[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever则用于疑问句,否定句,及条件状语从句中,如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?[误]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime?-No,Iamnotafraidso.[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime?-No,I"mafraidnot.[析]在肯定的答语中我们可以用so来代替上句所讲的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/I"mafraidso.但在否定的答语中,英语口语的习惯用法则有所不同,如,Idon"tthinkso而在hope,belive与afraid后则常用not,如:Ihopenot.[误]Shedidn"tworkenoughhard,soshecouldn"tpasstheexam.[正]Shedidn"tworkhardenough,soshecouldn"tpasstheexam.[析]enough可以作名词用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(对于如何学好英语已经讲的足够多了。)另外它可以作为形容词,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough
作为形容词时即可放于名词前又可放于名词后,在初中范围的考题中多用于名词之前。如果enough作为副词用,那么它一定要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。[误]Youcan"tbeverycareful.[正]Youcan"tbetoocareful.[析]此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在实际应用时也常常将后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那对我来讲是太贵了。[误]Heisgoodpastfifty.[正]Heiswellpastfifty.[析]well作为副词用时除用于"好"之外还有"大大地、远远地",等意。往往有人对下面两句的对或错有争议;Heiswell.Heisgood.其实这两句都是正确的表达法,只不过其含意不同。Heiswell是"他身体不错",而Heisgood则为"他是个好人"。[误]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.[析]在as…as结构中要将修饰形容词的数量词倍数及nearly,almost,exactly…等置于第一个as之前。[误]HeissameageasTom.[正]HeisthesameageasTom.[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠词the是不可省也不能换成别的词的。[误]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.*like作为介词,其意为"像",应用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加宾语。而alike是形容词,或副词,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalike。但alike仅作表语而不能用于名词前作定语。[误]Whoistallerofthetwo?[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo?[析]两者的比较级之前要加定冠词。[误]IhavelessbooksthanTom.[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.[析]less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。less后应加不可数名词而fewer后是可数名词。[误]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.[析]在两者之间应用比较级,在三者之间或三者以上的范围内应用最高级。[误]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.[析]as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中间应加形容词或副词的原级,而不可加比较级,也有的语法书中称为同级比较。②要根据句意决定是加形容词还是副词,这要看它具体是修饰动词还是名词而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.[误]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.
[析]英文中如果要表达越来越怎样,在初中范围有两种表达法:①比较级+and+比较级。②定冠词+比较级……,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlonger。要注意的是多音节形容词的比较级前要加more,这样的用法是:moreandmore加形容词,如:Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.[误]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.[析]在作比较时,英语一般要求对比的两部分结构应一致。如用动名词,应都用动名词,用不定式时则都用不定式。但有时在后一个不定式前的符号to可以省略。如:Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to)buyanewone.[误]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.[正]Thegirlismuchmoreclever(muchcleverer)thantheboy.[析]clever有两个比较级:cleverer和moreclever,要注意的是不能用比较级来修饰比较级。clever的两个比较级也各有不同之处,如用在两种不同性质的比较时多用moreclever,如:Heismorecleverthanhonest.(他的聪明要远远超过其诚实。)[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.[正]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.[析]最高级的范围要用of加复数形式或加集合名词。[误]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.[析]在oneof后面最高级形容词后要加可数名词复数。[误]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglishChinesedictionaries.[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglishChinesedictionaries.[析]在修饰最高级时应用far/byfar/much加the加最高级。但very例外,如:Heistheverybestplayerintheteam.[误]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.[正]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.[析]在比较级中表示比较对象时如用anyother其后一般要加单数名词。[误]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.[正]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.[正]MoststoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.[析]"大多数"一词的表达法有mostofthe+名词,或most+名词。当用前一种结构时,其后面的定冠词不可少。[误]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.[正]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.[析]比较级用于两句话之间时,比较的部分不可省略掉,但为了避免重复,一般都要用that代替前面的单数名词,而用those代替前面的复数名词,如:Thebooksinthatboxarebiggerthanthoseinthisbox。[误]Heisnomorehere.Maybeheisathome.[正]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome.[析]nomore在现代英语中多译为:"从此再也不会了",如:Hisvoiceisnomorehere.他已经去世了,他的声音不可能再出现了。而用nolonger表达目前的状态。要注意下面几组句子的实际含意:Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即两间屋子都不干净。(两者都不干净)Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone,即这屋子不如那间干净。(前者不如后者干净。即一间干净,一间不干净。)