外研八年级上册英语语法复习 54页

八年级上册语法复习1一般将来时态2、一般过去时态3、现在完成时态4、过去进行时态5、反意疑问句6、动词不定式 一）一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth,nextweek,in100years等。 begoingtodo（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：Itisgoingtorain.will结构表示将来的用法：1.表示预见Doyouthinkitwillrain?Youwillfeelbetterafteragoodrest. 2.表示意图Iwillborrowabookfromourschoollibrarytomorrow.Whatwillshedotomorrow? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句例：Idon’tfeelwelltoday.（bebettertomorrow）I’llbebettertomorrow.1.Ginahassixclassestoday.（havealotofhomeworktonight）_____________________________2.I’mtirednow.（sleeplater）_____________________________3.Wecan’tleaverightnow.（leavealittlelater）_____________________________4.Theweatherisawfultoday.（bebettertomorrow）_____________________________答案：1.She’llhavealotofhomeworktonight.2.I’llsleeplater.3.We’llleavealittlelater.4.Maybeit’llbebettertomorrow. 3．一般过去时的用法：a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。MyfatherworkedinShanghailastyear.b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often，always等表示频度的时间状语连用。Ioftenwenttoschoolonfoot.c.与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。Whenhegothome，hehadashortrest.4．一般过去时的时间状语：amomentago（刚才），yesterdaymorning，lastnight/week，thedaybeforeyesterday（前天），justnow（刚才），in2006,threedaysago等 行为动词的一般过去时过去式的构成规则“直”一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed.如：want—wanted“去”以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed.如：hope—hoped“双”重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如：stop—stopped“改”以辅音字母+y结尾的动词改y为i，再加-ed.如：study—studied注意：不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。 2．实义动词过去式的句式。①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。如：Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.②否定式：主语+didnot（didn’t）+动词原形+其它。如：Theydidn’twatchTVlastnight.③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did.否定回答：No，主语+didn’t.如：Didtheyhaveameetingtwodaysago？Yes，theydid./No，theydidn’t.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：Whattimedidyoufinishyourhomework？ 用所给动词的正确形式填空1.I__________(go)toschoolyesterday.2.She_________(play)footballlastweek.3.Look!Jack_________(sing)now.4.You_____(read)thenewpaperthedaybeforeyesterday.5.I_________(see)Jackinthezoolastweekend.6.I__________(do)myhomeworklastnight7.She_________(open)themailboxthedayaftertomorrow.8.I_______(help)thelittlebabydrinkthemilkthenextmorning.9.Thefarmers__________(work)onthefarmnextweek.10.Myparents_________(watch)TVlastMonday.wentplayedissingingreadsawdidwillopenwillhelpwillworkwatched 句型转换1.IwenttothepartylastFriday.（改为一般疑问句）______you______tothepartylastFriday?2.IhadanicetimelastSunday.（改为一般疑问句）______you_______nicetimelastSunday?3.WewenttoLondontwoyearsago.（对划线部分提问）____________you_______toLondon?4.Hedidhishomeworkinthemorning.（改为否定句）He___________hishomeworkinthemorning.DidgoDidhaveWhendidgodidn’tdo 谓语构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词用法（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already(已经),ever(曾经),yet,just(刚刚),before(以前)等词连用。（2）表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。标志词（1）just，never，ever，already，yet等（2）for＋一段时间；since＋点时间或引导时间状语从句（一般多为过去时）（3）sofar(到目前为止)；inthepast/last＋表示一段时间的词语现在完成时态 现在完成时态各种句式结构肯定式：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定式：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？Ihavelivedherefortenyears.Lucyhaslivedheresince2001.Theyhaven’thadbreakfastyet.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?Howlonghashelivedhere? 1、see—2、hear—3、study—4、stop—5、write—6、teach—7、catch—8、go—9、play—10、live—11、make—12、forget—写出下列动词的过去分词形式:seenheardstudiedstoppedwrittentaughtcaughtgoneplayedlivedmadeforgotten (一)考查现在完成时的一般用法()1．——Kitty,willyougotoseethefilmColdMountainthisevening?——No，Iwon’t．I_______italready．A．sawB．haveseenC．seeD．willsee()2.GonewiththeWindisawell—knownnovel．She_______ittwice．A．readB．isreadingC．readsD．hasread()3．——Howlong_____you_____here?——Forabouttwoyearssofar．A.have;studiedB.did;liveC.do;stayD.havechangedABD （二）考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式()1．——Oh．Mrs．king,yourdresslooksnice．Isitnew?——No，I_____itsincetwoyearsago.A．hadB．havehadC．boughtD．havebought()2．Jeffborrowedahistorybookfromhisfriend．He____itforaweek．A．hasborrowedB.haslentC.haskeptD．lend()3.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatthefamoussinger_____forhalfanhour．A．hasleftB．hasgoneC.hasbeenawayD.hasgoneawayBCC (三)考查have／hasbeento，have／hasgoneto与have／hasbeenin的区别()1．——Where"syourfather?——He____Shanghai．He’llbebacknextweek．A．hasgonetoB．hasbeentoC．havegonetoD．havebeento()2．——WhereisDavid?——He_____toEnglandonbusiness．A．isgoingB．hasgoneC．hasbeenD．goes()3.——_____youever_____totheUnitedStates?—----Yes,twice．A．Have;goneB．Have;beenC．Do；goD．Were;goingABB (四)考查for与since接时间状语时的区别()1．——Whatanicedog!Howlonghaveyouhadit?----_____twoyears．A．ForB．SinceC.In()2．MissGaohastaughtinthisschool____1993．A.forB．atC．inD．since(五)考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别()1．---HehasalreadygonetoEngland．---When______he_______there?A．will;goB．is;goingC．did;goD．has;gone()2．—Haveyoureadthisbook?—yes,I____ittwoweeksago.．A．amreadingB．havereadC．willreadD．readADCD (六)现在完成时在特定语境下的使用()1．——Helen，Itoldyoutodoyourhome-workascarefullyasyoucan?——Yes，butI——fewermistakesthanIusuallydo．A．wasmakingB．havemadeC．willmakeD．hadmade()2．——Hasthematchstarted?——Started?Finished！GuoYue______．A．iswinningB．winsC．willwinD．haswon()3.XiaoWang_____Englishforthirteenyears.SohecanspeakquitegoodEnglish.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.willbelearningD.learnsBDB ()4.Thefilm_______forhalfanhour.A.hasbegunB.hasbeenbegunC.hasbeenonD.began()5.Youdon’thavetodescribeher.I______herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.meetD.met()6.MissYangisnotathome.She____totheschoollibrary.A.wentB.hasbeenC.goesD.hasgone()7.HehasnevervisitedtheGreatHallofthePeople._____?A.hasn’theB.hasheC.doesheD.doesn’theBCDB 过去进行时:谓语构成:was/were+现在分词V-ing用法：表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态时间状语：atthistimeyesterday（昨天这个时候）atthattimelastweek（上周那个时候）atnineyesterdayevening（昨晚九点时）fromseventotenlastnight（昨晚从七点到十点）等，when或while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句。 Iwasreadinganewspaperwhenhecamein．他进来时，我正在看报。WhileIwaswalkinghome,ImetMrGreen.我步行回家时遇到了格林先生.Myfatherwasreadinganewspaperwhilemymotherwascooking.妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报。注：while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同时发生。 过去进行时:各种句式结构肯定式：否定式：Hewassleepingwhenshearrived.她到达时他正在睡觉。Theyweren’tplantingtreesatnineyesterday.昨天早上九点他们不在植树。一般疑问句：Was／Were+主语+v-ing+其它?主语+was/were+v-ing+其它主语+was／werenot+v-ing+其它Washeplayingfootballwhenyourangme?你打电话给我时．他正在踢足球吗?特殊疑问句:疑问词+was／were+主语+v-ing+其它?WhatwasPeterdoingatthistimelastweek?上周这个时候彼特在于什么? 用was/were填空:1、I＿＿＿listeningtothemusic.2、She＿＿＿playingthepiano.3、They＿＿lookingattheflowers.4、We＿＿＿havingapicnic.5、Lingling＿＿＿watchingTV.6、Twoboys＿＿＿readingbook.7、Youruncleandaunt＿＿visitingtheGreatWall.8、Everyone＿＿＿havinglunch.9、People＿＿workingonthefarm.10、Somewomen＿＿singingpopmusic.waswaswaswaswerewerewerewerewerewere 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.You____________(have)ameetingat9lastMondaymorning．2.They__________(play)footballwhenIpassed．3.She___________(take)awalkwhenwehadatalk．4.____they_______(try)todrawhorsesontheblackboardwhentheteachercamein?5.Thestudents_________(1isten)totheteachercarefullywhilehewasteaching。werehavingwereplayingwastakingWeretryingwerelistening 反意疑问句意义概念回答规律构成当我们陈述一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。………,对吧/是吧?陈述句+简短问句〖助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语（代词）〗陈述句是肯定的，简短问句用否定形式；而陈述句是否定的，简短问句就用肯定形式；（前肯后否，前否后肯）按事实回答反意疑问句语法归纳: 一、祈使句用于反意疑问句中这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。句型1:Let’s+动词原形+其它，shallwe?例：Let’sgoforawalk,shallwe?而Letusgoforawalk,willyou?句型2:其它形式的祈使句，willyou?Comeintotheclassroom,willyou?Pleasebecareful,willyou?Don’tpanic,willyou? 二、含be(is,are,was,were)动词的反意疑问句，需用be的适当形式.①YouarefromAmerica,aren"tyou?Yes,Iam.No,I"mnot.②TheGreenweren"tathomelastnight,werethey?—Yes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.注意：陈述部分主、谓语是Iam...时，反意疑问句用aren‘tI而不是amnotI例如：I"mworkingnow,aren’tI?我在工作，是吗？ 二、行为动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句,需用do/does的适当形式。①YouoftenwatchTVintheevening,don"tyou?Yes,Ido.No,Idon"t.②Thefirstclassbeginsateight,doesn"tit?Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn"t.三、行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句，需用did的是适当形式。①Therainstopped,didn"tit?Yes,itdid.No,itdidn"t.②Jim’sparentsdidn"tgotoHongKonglastmonth,didthey?Yes,theydid.No,theydidn"t.四、一般将来时的反意疑问句，需用will的适当形式。①Theboyswillplaygames,won"tthey?Yes,theywill.No,theywon"t.②Itwon"tstopraining,willit?Yes,itwill.No,itwon"t.五、现在完成时的反意疑问句，需用have、has的适当形式。①YouhavebeentoShanghaibefore,haven"tyou?YesIhave.No,Ihaven"t.②Jackhasn"tdonehishomework,hashe?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn"t. 六、陈述部分的主语是everything,nothing,anything或something时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如：Somethingiswrongwithmyradio,isn"tit?我的收音机出毛病了，是吧？七、陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,somebody,someone,nobody,noone,none,neither时,其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如：Everyoneishere,aren"tthey?大家都到了，是吗？Nooneknowsaboutit,dothey?没有人知道这件事，对吗？八、陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如：Thisisaplane,isn"tit?这是一架飞机，是吗？Thesearegrapes，aren"tthey?这些是葡萄，是吗？ 九、注意：Therebe句型1﹒Thereisanoldpictureonthewall,isn’tthere?2.Therearen’tanychildrenintheroom,arethere?3.Therewasn’tatelephonecallforme,wasthere?4．Therewereenoughpeopletopickapples,weren’tthere?5．Therewill bea basketball match tomorrow,won’tthere? ★值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），而是用上了“never,little,few,hardly,nothing,nobody”等表否定意义的词，后半部分应用肯定疑问式。①YouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyou?②Mr.Fathasfewfriendshere,doeshe?③Thereislittlemilkinthebottle,isthere?④Hecoulddonothing,couldhe? 完成下列反意疑问句：1.Marylistenedtopopmusic,____________?2.HehasneverbeentoShanghai__________?3.Hehasfewfriendsatschool,_____________?4.Themusicsoundsbeautiful,______________?5.Youcan’tdancetojazz,___________?6.Theyweren’tattheconcert,_____________?7.Let’sstopwriting,______________?8.Don’tbelate,_______________?didn’tshehashedoeshedoesn’titcanyouwerethereshallwewillyou 动词不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为＂to+动词原形＂，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。 一、动词不定式作主语()1.It"shardforus______Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning()2.It"sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis+名词短语(forsb)todosth.CD 句式(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。 二、动词不定式作宾语()1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys()2.Don"tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking()3.Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep［简析］在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。CAD 三、动词不定式作宾语补足语()1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith()2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。BC 四、动词不定式作状语()1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing()2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns［简析］go，come，try，do/tryone"sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。AC ()3.I"msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear()4.I"msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled()5.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets［简析］＂be+形容词+todosth＂结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。DBA 五、动词不定式作定语()1.Wouldyoulikesomething______?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks()2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo()3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith［简析］不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。CDD 六、不带to的动词不定式()1.Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered()2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem______verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel()3.Yourfatherissleeping.You"dbetter______.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimupBDC ［简析］1.在see，watch，hear，feel等感官动词和make，have，let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.三眼，二耳，一注意，三个小使役，半个help要注意。2.在＂hadbetter＂后面接不带to的不定式。 七、动词不定式的否定形式()1.Theoldmantoldthechild______noisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot()2.Thereisgoingto______animportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry______late.A.have，nottobeB.have，notbeC.be，nottobeD.be，notbe［简析］动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.BC 八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别()1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has()2.——Whydidn"tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took()3.——Let"shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican"tstop______theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop______(walk).ACCwalking 双宾语用法要点此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，Hebringsmecookieseveryday.Shemademeabeautifuldress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,return,send,show,teach,等。（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,get,make,sing,等。 带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好。“七给”“一带”to不少,“买”“画”“制作”for来了。①“七给”(give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”如:Helentsomemoneytome.巧记带双宾语的动词②“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”。如:Motherboughtanewdressforme. Exercises:1.Canyouexplain_______?A.thisproblemtomeB.methisproblemC.tomeproblemD.meproblem2.Hemadeanewdress_____hiswifeandgaveit_____heronherbirthday.A.to;forB.for;toC.for;forD.to;toAB 3.Mr.Smithapologized_____thelady_____whathersonhaddone.A.to;toB.to;forC.for;toD.for;for4.Readtheletterand____him.A.passitontoB.passonittoC.passitforD.passitonBA 学习向别人提建议的几种句式：（1）Ithinkyoushould…（2）Well,youcould…（3）Maybeyoushould…（4）Whydon’tyou…?（5）Whataboutdoingsth.?（6）You’dbetterdosth. 用should或shouldn’t填空1.Ican’tsleepthenightbeforeexams.You______takeawarmshowerbeforeyougotobed.2.Goodfriends______argueeachother.3.Thereislittlemilkintheglass.We_______buysome.4.Iamalittlebitoverweight.SoIthinkI_______doexerciseseveryday.答案：1.should2.shouldn’t3.should4.should 1.直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时 2.直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律直接引语1.am/is2.are3.have/has4.will5.can6.may间接引语1.was2.were3.had4.would5.could6.might 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1.ShesaidI_____（be）hard-working.2.Petertoldmehe_____（be）boredyesterday.3.Shesaidshe_____（go）swimminglastSunday.4.Bobbysaidhe_____（may）callmelater.5.Antoniotoldmehe_____（read）abookthen.答案：1.was2.was3.went4.might5.wasreading