精编小学英语语法复习 9页

小学英语语法复习小学英语语法复习要点(1)一、名词复数规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5．不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice;child-children;foot-feet,;tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍　　【No.1】一般现在时的功能　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。　　2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。　　3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。　　一般现在时的构成　　1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：　　Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。　　2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：　　WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。　　当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。　　一般现在时的变化　　1.be动词的变化。　　否定句：主语+be+not+其它。　　如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。　　一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。　　如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot.　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?　　2.行为动词的变化。　　否定句：主语+don"t(doesn"t)+动词原形(+其它)。如：　　Idon"tlikebread.　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句。如：　　Hedoesn"toftenplay.　　一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：　　-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：　　-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,9 milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies小学英语语法复习要点(2)三、现在进行时1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing?  但疑问词当主语时其结构为：  疑问词不达意+be+动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping四、将来时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：①begoingto+do；②will+do.三、否定句：在be动词（am,is,are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.      问人。Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.2.      问干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethis afternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3.      问什么时候。When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoing tobed?六、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.小学英语语法复习要点(3)五、一般过去时1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：9 ⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn’t）⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren’t）⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子  否定句：didn’t+动词原形，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.  一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?  特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：    WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat小学英语语法复习要点(4)六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2．形容词加er的规则：⑴一般在词尾加er；⑵以字母e结尾，加r；⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er。3．不规则形容词比较级：  good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级1．形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)  ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better,far-farther)小学英语语法复习要点(5)七、Therebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe9 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：  Howmany+    名词复数+arethere+介词短语？  Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：  What’s+介词短语？小学英语语法复习要点(6)八、人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。如：Areyouastudent?Yes,Iam/No,I’mnot.Issheadoctor?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.Doesheworkinahospital?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.Aretherefourfansinourclassroom?Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词（what,where,who,which,when,whose,why,how等）开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes、no”来回答。如：Whatisthis?It’sacomputer.Whatdoeshedo?He’sadoctor.Whereareyougoing?I’mgoingtoBeijing.Whoplayedfootballwithyouyesterdayafternoon?Mike.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Summer.Whendoyouusuallygetup?Iusuallygetupat6:30.Whoseskirtisthis?It’sAmy’s.Whydoyoulikespringbest?BecauseIcanplanttrees.Howareyou?I’mfine./I’mhappy.☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问，如：howmany（多少(数量)）,howmuch（多少(钱)）,howtall（多高）,howlong（多长）,howbig（多大）,howheavy（多重）例句：Howmanypencilsdoyouhave?Ihavethreepencils.Howmanygirlscanyousee?Icanseefourgirls.Howmanydesksarethereinyourclassroom?Thereare51.☆小结：howmany用来提问可数名词的数量，主要有以上三种句式搭配，9 Howmany+名词复数+doyouhave?你有多少……？Howmany+名词复数+canyousee?你能看见多少……？Howmany+名词复数+arethere…?有多少……？四会单词和句子四年级上册Unit4homeroomschoolclassroomdoorchairbeddeskwindowUnit5breadeggmilkwaterricebeefchickenfishUnit6sisterbrotherfathermotherfarmerdrivernursedoctor四年级下册Unit1computerboardfanslightteacher’sdeskpicturefloorwallThisismycomputer.Thatisyourcomputer.Isthisateacher’sdesk?Yes,itis.Unit2onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightninetenmusicmathChineseEnglishP.E.Whattimeisit?It’stwoo’clock..It’s9:45.It’stimeformathclass.Unit3redblueyellowgreenwhiteskirtshirtjacketdressIsthisyourT-shirt?No,it’snot.Whatcolourisit?It’swhite.Unit4jeanspantssocksshoessunnywarmcoldsnowyIt’swarmtoday.Let’splayfootball.It’scool.Isitcold？Unit5bigsmalllongshortniceapplebananapearwatermelonHowmuchisit?It’stenyuan.Howmucharethey?They’rethreeyuan.Unit6catrabbitpigduckdogeleventwelvefifteenthirteentwentyAretheyducks?No,theyaren’t.Howmanyhorsesarethere?Twelve.9 五年级上册unit1youngfunnytallstrongkindoldshortthinsmartactivestrictquietWho’syourEnglishteacher?MrCarter.What’shelike?He’stallandstrong.Isshequite?No,sheisn’t.She’sveryactive.Isshestrict?Yes,sheis,butshe’sverykind.Unit2Monday(Mon.)Tuesday(Tue.)Wednesday(Wed.)Thursday(Thu.)Friday(Fri.)Saturday(Sat.)Sunday(Sun.)dayhavedohomeworkwatchTVreadbooksWhatdayisittoday?It’sWednesday.WhatdoyouhaveonThursday?WehaveEnglish,mathandscienceonThursdays.WhatdoyoudoonSaturdays?IwatchTVonSaturdays.Unit3eggplantfishgreenbeanstofupotatotomatolunchtastysweetsourfreshsaltyfavourtiefruitgrapeWhatdoyouhaveforlunchonMondays?Wehavetomatoes,tofuandfish.What’syourfavouritefruit?Ilikeapples.They’resweet.Ilikefruit.ButIdon’tlikegrapes.They’resour.Unit4cookthemealswatertheflowerssweepthefloorcleanthebedroommakethebedsetthetablewashtheclothesdothedishesuseacomputerWhatcanyoudo?Icansweepthefloor.Icancookthemeals.Icanwatertheflowers.Canyoumakethebed?No,Ican’t.Canyouuseacomputer?Yes,Ican.Unit5curtaintrashbinclosetmirrorendtablebedroomkitchenbathroomlivingroomclothesinonundernearoverbehindTherearetwobedrooms,akitchen,abathroomandalivingroom.Thereisamirror,abedandabigcloset.Theclosetisnearthetable.Manyclothesareinthecloset.Thetrashbinisbehindthedoor.Unit6mountainriverflowergrasslakeforestpathparkhousebridgetreeroadbuildinganyIsthereaforestinthepark?Yes,thereis.9 Isthereariver?No,thereisn’t.五年级下册Unit1domorningexerciseseatbreakfasthaveEnglishclassplaysportseatdinnergetupclimbmountainsgoshoppingplaythepianovisitgrandparentsgohikingusuallyoftensometimesWhendoyoueatdinner?Ieatdinnerat7:00intheevening.Whendoyougetup?Iusuallygetupat12:00atnoon.Whatdoyoudoontheweekend?UsuallyIwatchTVandgoshopping.SometimesIvisitmygrandparents.Whataboutyou?Ioftenplayfootball.SometimesIgohiking.Unit2springsummerfallwinterseasonwhichbestswimflykitessleepskatemakeasnowmanplanttreeswhybecauseWhichseasondoyoulikebest?Ilikewinterbest.Summerisgood,butfallismyfavouriteseason.Whydoyoulikesummer?BecauseIcanswiminthelake.Whydoyoulikewinter?BecauseIcansleepalongtime.Unit3January(Jan.)February(Feb.)March(Mar.)April(Apr.)MayJuneJulyAugust(Aug.)September(Sept.)October(Oct.)November(Nov.)December(Dec.)birthdayuncleherdateWhenisyourbirthday?It’sinMay.MybirthdayisinJune.UncleBill’sbirthdayisinJune,too.IsherbirthdayinJune?Yes.What’sthedate?June9th.Unit4drawpicturescookdinnerreadabookanswerthephonelistentomusiccleantheroomwritealetterwriteane-mailmomgrandpastudyHi,John.ThisisZhangPeng.Whatareyoudoing?I’mdoingthedishes.I’mreadingabook.Grandpaiswritingaletter.Brotherisdoinghomework.Momiscookingdinnerinthekitchen.He’swritingane-mailinthestudy.Unit5flyjumpwalkrunswimkangaroosleepclimbfightswingdrinkwaterWhatisitdoing?It’seatingbananas.Whatisshedoing?She’sjumping.9 Whataretheydoing?They’reswimming.They’reclimbingtrees.Unit6takepictureswatchinsectspickupleavesdoanexperimentcatchbutterfliescountinsectscollectleaveswriteareportplaychesshaveapicnichoneyAreyoueatinglunch?No,wearen’t.Aretheyeatingthehoney?Yes,theyare.Isheplayingchess?Yes,heis.Isshecountinginsects?No,sheisn’t.六年级上册Unit1onfootbybikebybusbytrainbyplanebyshipgotoschooltrafficlighttrafficrulestopwaitgettoHowdoyougotoschool,Sarah?UsuallyIgotoschoolonfoot.SometimesIgobybike.HowcanIgettoZhongshanPark?YoucangobytheNo.15bus.Unit2librarypostofficehospitalcinemabookstorewherepleasenexttoturnrightturnleftgostraightthenWhereisthecinema,please?It’snexttothehospital.Turnleftatthecinema,thengostraight.It’sontheleft.Unit3nextweekthismorningthisafternoonthiseveningcomicbookpostcardnewspaperbuyWhatareyougoingtodoontheweekend?I’mgoingtovisitmygrandparentsthisweekend.Whereareyougoingthisafternoon?I’mgoingtothebookstore.Whatareyougoingtobuy?Iamgoingtobuyacomicbook.Unit4hobbyrideabikediveplaytheviolinmakekitescollectstampsliveteacheswatchesgoesdoesdoesn’t=doesnotWhat’syourhobby?Ilikecollectingstamps.Helikescollectingstamps,too.DoessheteachEnglish?No,shedoesn’t.Doessheteachyoumath?Yes,shedoes.Unit5singerwriteractoractressartistTVreporter9 engineeraccountantpolicemancleanersalespersonworkWhatdoesyourmotherdo?SheisaTVreporter.Wheredoesshework?Sheworksinaschool.Howdoesshegotowork?Shegoestoworkbybus.Unit6raincloudsunstreamcomefromseedsoilsproutplantshouldthenWheredoestheraincomefrom?Itcomesfromtheclouds.Howdoyoudothat?Whatshouldyoudothen?☆人称和数☆　　主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数I（我）memy（我的）minemyself（我自己）复数we（我们）usour（我们的）oursourselves（我们自己）第二人称单数you（你）youyour（你的）yoursyourself（你自己）复数you（你们）youyour（你们的）yoursyourselves（你们自己）第三人称单数he（他）himhis（他的）hishimself（他自己）she（她）herher（她的）hersherself（她自己）it（它）itits（它的）itsitself（它自己）复数they（他们/她们/它们）themtheir（他们的/她们的/它们的）theirsthemselves（他们/她们/它们自己）9