精编小学英语语法和练习 24页

小学英语语法与练习一、名词复数规则1二、一般现在时1三、现在进行时5四、一般将来时6五、一般过去时7六、人称代词和物主代词11七．情态动词12八．形容词的比较级和最高级15九.Therebe句型与have（has）19十．祈使句21十一、怎样对划线部分提问22一、名词复数规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books，bag-bags，cat-cats，bed-beds2．以s，x，sh，ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses，box-boxes，brush-brushes，watch-watches3．以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es，如：family-families，strawberry-strawberries4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es，如：knife-knives，Leaf--leaves5．不规则名词复数：man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen，policewoman-policewomen，child-children，foot-feet，tooth-teeth　fish-fish，people-people，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese1.写出下列名词的复数。watch_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____peach______sandwich______dish_______bus_______man______woman_______paper_______people________I_________he_________this___________she______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______yo-yo______sandwich______二、一般现在时一般现在时的be动词be动词的用法：（1）Iam,youare,weare,theyare,heis,sheis,itis.Page24of24 口诀：我用am，你用are，is用在他她它，复数全用are.（2）肯定和否定句：Iam（not）fromLondon.Heis（not）ateacher.Sheis（not）inthediningroom.Myhairis（not）long.Hereyesare（not）small.（3）一般疑问句：AreyouaChinese？Yes，Iam./No，Iamnot.AretheyAmerican？Yes，theyare./No，theyaren"t.Isthecatfat？Yes，itis./No，itisn’t.1.用am，is，are填空。1.I______aboy.______youaboy？No，I_____not.2.Thegirl______Jack"ssister.3.Thedog_______tallandfat.4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom？6.Where_____yourmother？She______athome.7.How_______yourfather？8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.9.Whosedress______this？10.Whosesocks______they？　2.用恰当的be动词填空.1.I______aboy.______youaboy？No，I_____not.2.Thegirl______Jack"ssister.3.Thedog_______tallandfat.4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom？6.Where_____yourmother？She______athome.7.How_______yourfather？8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.9.Whosedress______this？10.Whosesocks______they？11.That______myredskirt.12.Who______I？13.Thejeans______onthedesk.14.Here______ascarfforyou.15.Here______somesweatersforyou.16.Theblackgloves______forSuYang.17.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.18.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.19.Sometea______intheglass.20.Gaoshan’sshirt_______overthere.21.Mysister"sname______Nancy.22.This______notWangFang’spencil.23.______DavidandHelenfromEngland？24.There______agirlintheroom.25.There______someapplesonthetree.Page24of24 26._______thereanykitesintheclassroom？27._______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle？28.There_______somebreadontheplate.29.There_______aboy，twogirls，threemenandtenwomeninthepark.30.You，heandI______fromChina.　一般现在时的功能：1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态.如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的.2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作.如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六点起床.3.表示客观现实.如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转.一般现在时的构成：1.be动词：主语+be（am，is，are）+其它,如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩.2.行为动词：主语+行为动词+（其它）,如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语.当主语为第三人称单数（he，she，it，Tom,Amy,thedog…）时，要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”,如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语.一般现在时的否定句：主语+benot+其它.如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人.缩写：isnot=isn"tarenot=aren"t一般现在时的一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它?（把Be提到句首）如：-Areyouastudent？-Yes，Iam./No，I"mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Whereismybike？3.行为动词的变化.否定句：主语+don"t（doesn"t）+动词原形+（其它）.如：Idon"tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句.如：Hedoesn"toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do（Does）+主语+动词原形+其它?如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball？-Yes，Ido./No，Idon"t.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句.如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike？-Yes，shedoes./No，shedoesn"t.　4.动词第三人称单数的变化规则：①一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks，milk-milks②以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加-es，读[iz]，如：guess-guesses，wash-washes，watch-watches，go-goes③以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es，如：study-studies加s或es时，在清辅音后读[s]，在浊辅音后读[z]。一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____come________watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________do_________teach_______wash_______二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空.Page24of24 1.Heoften________（have）dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______（be）inClassOne.3.We_______（notwatch）TVonMonday.4.Nick_______（notgo）tothezooonSunday.5.______they________（like）theWorldCup？6.What_______theyoften_______（do）onSaturdays？7._______yourparents_______（read）newspaperseveryday？8.Thegirl_______（teach）usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________（take）awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________（be）somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______（like）cooking.12.They_______（have）thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______（look）afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______（do）yourhomeworkwell.15.I_______（be）ill.I"mstayinginbed.16.She_______（go）toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______（do）notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______（watch）TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_______（have）eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday_______（be）ittoday？－It’sSaturday.三．写出下列动词的第三人称单数.drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____come________watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________teach_______四、按照要求改写句子.1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.（改为否定句）___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）________________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.（改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答）________________________________________________________4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）___________________________________________________5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.（改为否定句）_______________________________________________________6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.（改为否定句）___________________________________________________7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.（对划线部分提问）________________________________________________________8.JohncomesfromCanada.（对划线部分提问）___________________________________________________9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）________________________________________________________10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.（改为否定句）Page24of24 ___________________________________________________　五、改错（划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上）1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish？__________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing？__________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________5.Shedon"tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________　　三、现在进行时1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作.2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为：主语+be+动词ing+其他.3．现在进行时的否定句：在be后加not.主语+benot+动词ing+其他4．现在进行时的一般疑问句：把be动词提到句首，句后为“？”：Be+主语+动词ing+其他？5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+be+主语+动词ing+其他？（What,When,Where,How,Whose…）但疑问词当主语时，其结构为：疑问词（Who）+be+动词ing？　动词加ing（现在分词）的变化规则：1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making，taste-tasting3．假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母（重读闭音节），双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running，stop-stopping一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write________ski___________read________have_________sing________dance_________put_________see________buy_________love____________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy__________________（draw）apicturenow.2.Listen！Somegirls_______________（sing）intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________________（cook）somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______（do）now？5.Look！They_______________（have）anEnglishlesson.6.They____________（notwater）theflowersnow.7.Look！thegirls________________（dance）intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing？She_________（listen）tomusic.9.It"s5o’clock.We_____________（have）suppernow。10.______Helen____________（wash）clothes？Yes，sheis.三、句型转换：Page24of24 1.Theyaredoinghousework.（分别改成一般疑问句和否定句）__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.（改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答）__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．I’mplayingthefootball(intheplayground).（对划线部分进行提问）_________________________________________________________________4．Tomis(readingbooks)inhisstudy.（对划线部分进行提问）_________________________________________________________________四、一般将来时　1、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事.句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow，nextday（week，month，year…），soon，thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等.　2、基本结构：①begoingto+do；②will+do.　3、否定句：在be动词（am，is，are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won"t.例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I"mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.4、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any，and改为or，第一二人称互换.例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend？5、对划线部分提问：一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况.a.问人Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who"sgoingtoNewYorksoon?b.问干什么What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon?c.问什么时候.When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed？问在哪里Where…?Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10：30.Wherewillwemeetat10:30?6、同义句：begoingto=will。Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.填空.1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊.I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.我们将要学习英语.We_____________________learnEnglish.We________learnEnglish.填空.1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.Page24of24 2.下个星期一你打算去干什么？我想去打篮球。What___________________________________________nextMonday？I__________________playbasketball.What_________youdonextMonday？I________playbasketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果._____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________？Yes，she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面.Whattime_______you___________________meet？5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改为否定句）Nancy________goingtogocamping.6.I"llgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_______go______jointhem.7.I’mgoingtogetupat6：30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_______________________togetupat6：30tomorrow？8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10：30.（改一般疑问句）_______________meetatthebusstopat10：30.9.Sheisgoingto(listentomusic)afterschool.（对()部分提问）_______________she_________________________afterschool？10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.（同上）__________________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。11.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________（have）apicnicthisafternoon.12.Mybrother_______________（go）toShanghainextweek.13.Tomoften______________（go）toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________（go）toschoolbybike.14.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends？Iusually________（watch）TVand________（catch）insects？15.It"sFridaytoday.What_____she_________（do）thisweekend？She______________（watch）TVand_____________（catch）insects.16.What___________（d0）youdolastSunday？I____________（pick）applesonafarm.What______________（do）nextSunday？I______________（milk）cows.17.Mary____________（visit）hergrandparentstomorrow.18.LiuTao____________（fly）kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.19.David______________（give）apuppetshownextMonday.20.I________________（plan）formystudynow.五、一般过去时1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用.一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作.2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was.（wasnot=wasn"t）Page24of24 ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were.（werenot=weren"t）⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is，am，are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首.3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子（行为动词）否定句：didn"t+动词原形，如：Jimdidn"tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形.如：DidJimgohomeyesterday？特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday？⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday？动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled，cook-cooked。2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted。3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped。4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied。5．不规则动词过去式：am，is-was，are-were，do-did，see-saw，say-said，give-gave，get-got，go-went，come-came，have-had，eat-ate，take-took，run-ran，sing-sang，put-put，make-made，read-read，write-wrote，draw-drew，drink-drank，fly-flew，ride-rode，speak-spoke，sweep-swept，swim-swam，sit-satName_________________Class____________Score__________1.写出下列动词的过去式。is/am_________plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry________ask_____taste_________eat__________put______kick_________pass_______do________2.用动词be的适当形式填空.1.I_______atschooljustnow.2.He________atthecamplastweek.3.We________studentstwoyearsago.4.They________onthefarmamomentago.5.YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.6.There________anappleontheplateyesterday.7.There________somemilkinthefridgeonSunday.8.Themobilephone_______onthesofayesterdayevening.9.I______anEnglishteachernow.10.She_______happyyesterday.11.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.3.用行为动词的适当形式填空。1.I______（watch）acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______（read）anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tozooyesterday，we_____tothepark.（go）4.______you_______（visit）yourrelativeslastSpringFestival？5.______he_______（fly）akiteonSunday？Yes，he______.Page24of24 6.GaoShan_______（pull）upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I____________（sweep）theflooryesterday，butmymother______.8.What______she_______（find）inthegardenlastmorning？She__________（find）abeautifulbutterfly.Be动词的过去时练习：一、用be动词的适当形式填空.1.I______anEnglishteachernow.2.She_______happyyesterday.3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look，there________lotsofgrapeshere.7.There________asignonthechaironMonday.8.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.二、句型转换.1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句：________________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________三、中译英.1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边.___________________________________________________________2．他们的外套上个星期放在卧室里了.___________________________________________________________3．刚才在花园里有两只小鸟.___________________________________________________________行为动词的过去时练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空.1.I______（watch）acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______（read）anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tozooyesterday，we_____tothepark.（go）4.______you_______（visit）yourrelativeslastSpringFestival？5.______he_______（fly）akiteonSunday？Yes，he______.6.GaoShan_______（pull）upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I____________（sweep）theflooryesterday，butmymother______.8.What______she_______（find）inthegardenlastmorning？She__________（find）abeautifulbutterfly.二、句型转换.1.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句：________________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________三、中译英.1.格林先生去年住在中国.________________________________________________________Page24of24 2.昨天我们参观了农场.________________________________________________________3.他刚才在找他的手机.________________________________________________________过去时综合练习一、用动词的适当形式填空.1.It______（be）Ben"sbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall______（have）agoodtimelastnight.3.He________（jump）highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen________（milk）acowonFriday.5.Shelikes______newspapers，butshe______abookyesterday.（read）6.He_______footballnow，butthey_______basketballjustnow.（play）7.Jim’smother_________（plant）treesjustnow.8._______they________（sweep）theflooronSunday？No，they_____.9.I_______（watch）acartoononMonday.10.We___________（go）toschoolonSunday.二、中译英.1.我们上周五看了一部电影._________________________________________________________2.他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的._________________________________________________________3.你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园._________________________________________________________4.你上周在哪儿？在野营基地._________________________________________________________过去时综合练习：一、用动词的适当形式填空.1.It_____（be）the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite________（go）tohisofficebycar.2.GaoShan________（put）thebookonhisheadamomentago.3.Don"t______thehouse.Mum_______ityesterday.（clean）4.What____you______justnow？I_______somehousework.（do）5.They_________（make）akiteaweekago.6.Iwantto______apples.Butmydad_______allofthemlastmonth.（pick）7._______he______theflowersthismorning？Yes，he_____.（water）8.She____（be）aprettygirl.Look，she_____（do）Chinesedances.9.Thestudentsoften_________（draw）somepicturesintheartroom.10.What______Mikedoonthefarm？He________cows.（milk）二、中译英.1.他的朋友在照看他的弟弟._________________________________________________________2.去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛._________________________________________________________3.他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？――不，没有._________________________________________________________Page24of24 六、人称代词和物主代词A．人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称我Ime我们weus第二人称你youyou你们youyou第三人称他hehim他们，她们，它们theythem她sheher它itit人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后.　一.填写人称代词宾格。I____it____we___she_____he____you____they____　物主代词人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词.一.用所给物主代词的适当形式填空。1.Thatisnot_________（I）kite.Thatkiteisverysmall，but_________（I）isverybig.2.Thedressis_________（she）.Giveitto_________（she）.3.Isthis_________（you）watch？No，it’snot_________（I）.4._________ismybrother._________nameisJack.Look！Thosestampsare_________.（he）Page24of24 　二.用适当的人称代词或物主代词填空.1.Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall，but_________isverybig.（I）2.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.（she）3.Isthis_________watch？（you）No，it"snot_________.（I）4._________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look！Thosestampsare_________.（he）5._________dressesarered.（we）Whatcolourare_________？（you）6.Herearemanydolls，whichoneis_________？（she）7.Icanfindmytoy，butwhere’s_________？（you）8.Show_________yourkite，OK？（they）9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.（it）10.Arethese________tickets？No，________arenot_________.________aren"there.（they）11.Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom？Thatis_________classroom.（we）12._________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job？_________anurse.（she）13.Thatisnot_________camera._________isathome.（he）14.Whereare_________？Ican’tfind_________.Let"scall_________parents.（they）15.Don’ttouch_________._________notacat，_________atiger！16._________sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_________.（she）17._________don"tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_________.（we）18.Somanydogs.Let’scount_________.（they）19.Ihavealovelybrother._________isonly3.Ilike_________verymuch.（he）20.MayIsitbeside_________？（you）21.Lookatthatdesk.Thosebookareon_________.（it）22.Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.（she）七．情态动词情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）cannot/cannot/can’tdoCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.couldcouldn’tdomay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）maynotdoMay…do…?Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.mightmightnotdoMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…mightnot.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）mustnot/mustn’tdoMust…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）shouldnot/shouldn’tdoShould…do…?will意愿，决心willnot/won’tdoWill…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.Page24of24 请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉wouldwouldnot/wouldn’tdoneed需要必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）neednot/needn’tdoNeed…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。一、can,could1)表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Canyouliftthisheavybox?（体力）Marycanspeakthreelanguages.（知识）Canyouskate?（技能）此时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而beableto则有更多的时态。I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto，不能用Can。如：Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.2)表示请求和允许。---CanIgonow?---Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)3)表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。They’vechangedthetimetable,sowecangobybusinstead.Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.4)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Canthisbetrue?Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.Howcanthisbetrue?二、may,might1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?----No,youmustn’t.----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)用MayI...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用CanI...？在口语中更常见。Page24of24 情态动词练习题1.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_______forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout2.—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It_______acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen3.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack_______behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can4.Johnny,you_______playwiththeknife,you_______hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t5.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_______getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto6.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They_______bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need7.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You_______withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed8.—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I_______gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might9.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_______homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave10.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe_______not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may11.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_______beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will12.Iwonderhowhe_______thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay13.Whenhewasthere,he_______gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might14.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_______remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall15.How_______yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlyapartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.mayPage24of24 16.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoin._______Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should●答案解析1.C。“oughtto/shouldhave+过去分词”表示后悔当初该做但却没做某事。“…也许我本该把详细地址写给她的。”2.D。“couldn’thave+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测。既然小汽车上“已有五人”，且是“设法”才把你带去的，如此拥挤，旅途当然“不可能”舒服。3.C。nearly暗示“时间不早了”，Jack“按理应当(should)随时(atanymoment)”都有可能到达这里。must语气过强；can一般不用于肯定推测；need意义不通，也不用于肯定句。4.B。mustn’t(不许、千万不)表示禁止。may表示可能性。句意为“你千万不要玩刀子，可能会弄伤自己的”。5.D。表示过去具体某次“能够”做成某事只能用was/wereableto而不用could。6.B。should表示按理应当，大概。can一般不用于肯定推测；用might语气太不肯定，顾客可能走掉。7.A。couldhavedone表示本可以做但却没有做的事。句意为“你本来可以住在Barbara那儿的”；而musthavedone只表示有把握的肯定推测，这与前面具有疑问语气的Oh,didyou?不符。8.D。语境明显提示“我可能(might)要去听音乐会”。9.B。表示轻微的责备，句意为“我真的好担心你啊。你当时本不该不说一声就离开家的”。10.D。由“他自己喜欢开车”这一习惯推断，“他可能不会(maynot)坐火车来”。cannot“不可能”，语气太肯定。11.B。can表示“可以”。should(应该),must(必须),will(愿意)均不符合语境。12.D。dare作行为动词时,一般接todo，但疑问式或否定式中to可以省略，此句有疑问口气。13.A。would表示过去的习惯。14.D。在规章中告诫应考者，在收完所有试卷前“必须”留在教室里。15.A。can在疑问句中，表示疑惑、怀疑，根据情况可译作“能、可以”等。16.B。may表示请求对方允许，即：“我可以做…吗?”八．形容词的比较级和最高级1.在英语中，在表示“比较…”和“最…”时，形容词要用特别的形式，称为“比较级”和“最高级”，原来的形容词称为“原级”。原级，比较级，最高级strong强，tronger较强，strongest最强2.形容词的比较级和最高级的构成方法如下：a.单音节词和少数双音节词以加-er和-est的方式构成：原级 比较级最高级young年轻，younger较年轻，youngest最年轻old老，older较老，oldest最老clean干净，cleaner较干净，cleanest最干净在加词尾时要注意下面的各种情况： 情况加词尾法例词 Page24of24  一般情况 直接加词尾 small,smaller,smallest 以e结尾的词 加-r，-st large,larger,largest 以辅音＋y结尾的词 变y为i，再加词尾 busy,busier,busiest 以“辅音字母”结尾的词将这字母双写再加词尾 big,bigger,biggestb.其他词都在前面加more,most构成比较级及最高级： 原级，比较级，最高级Important，moreimportant，mostimportantDifficult，moredifficult，mostdifficultInteresting，moreinteresting，mostinterestingUseful，moreuseful，mostuseful3.用比较级时常用than引起一个从句，表示和什么比较：Hisroomisbiggerthanmine.他的房间比我的房间大。Sheisyoungerthanmysister.她比我妹妹年轻。Exercises:I.学会下列形容词的比较级和最高级： 原级-比较级-最高级1.tall-taller-tallestStrong-stronger-strongestOld-older-oldest2.large-larger-largest Fine-finer-finest Late-later-latest3.big-bigger-biggestHot-hotter-hottestThin-thinner-thinnest4.easy-easier-easiestBusy-busier-busiestHappy-happier-happiest5.valuable-morevaluable-mostvaluableDangerous-moredangerous-mostdangerousComfortable-morecomfortable-mostcomfortableExercise:写出下面形容词的比较级和最高级：1.bright2.fat3.lazy4.safe5.heavy6.wide7.high8.close9.long10.dirty11.sadPage24of24 12.brave13.silly14.beautiful15.early16.prosperous17.interesting18.delicious19.difficult1.有几个形容词有特殊的比较级和最高级形式：原级比较级 最高级good，well：better bestbad，ill：worse worstmany，much：more mostlittle、few：lessleastfar：farther；furtherfarthest；furthestold：olderelderoldest；eldest小贴士1：elder和eldest可用来表示兄弟和子女的长幼顺序：myeldersister我的姐姐myeldestbrother我的大哥theireldestson他们的长子小贴士1：further表示“较远”外，还可表示“进一步的”；而farther仅表示距离：Thefartherplantsaretoocold.更远的行星太冷。Doyouneedanyfurtherhelp?你还需要更进一步的帮助吗？2.双音节词除了以“辅音＋y”结尾的词外，还有以ow,er,le结尾的词，和个别其他双音节词，可以用加词尾的办法构成比较级和最高级：原级 比较级 最高级NarrownarrowernarrowestClevercleverercleverestSimplesimplersimplestCommoncommonercommonest3.也有少数单音节词可以加more和most的办法构成比较级和最高级：原级比较级最高级Pleased，morepleased，mostpleasedTired，moretired，mosttiredGlad，moreglad，mostgladExercises:I.写出下面形容词的比较级和最高级：1.bad2.good3.simple4.common5.far6.narrow7.oldPage24of24 8.little9.happy10.many11.pleased12.glad13.much14.tired15.careful16.comfortableII.在空格中填入所给形容词的适当形式：1.Sheistwoyear___thanme.She’sthe___girlinourclass.(young)2.Billis___thanTom.He’sthe___ofthethreechildren.(old)3.Johnisthe___boyintheclass.(clever)4.Cairoisthe___cityinEgypt.(big)5.Herbicycleis___thanmine.(good)6.Mycoldis___todaythanitwasyesterday.(bad)7.Tokyois___fromBeijingthanfromShanghai.(far)8.Thisquestionis___thantheotherone.(simple)9.Thisstreetis___thanBeijingRoad.It’sactuallythe___streetinthewholecity.(narrow)10.Itis___inHongKongthaninKunming.(hot)11.Mycoldisgetting___.(bad)12.The___manhasthe___leisure.(busy,much)13.Ididn’thavethe___desiretogotobed.(little)14.Manchesteris___fromLondonthanOxford.(far)15.Theymade___arrangements.(far)16.I’lltrytomake___mistakesinfuture.(few)包含形容词比较级的句子1.包含形容词比较级的句子多带有一个由than引起的状语从句，表示和什么相比，从句中有些词会省略掉：Sheistallerthanhereldersister.她比她姐姐高。ThisbookisinsimplerEnglishthantheotherone.这本书的英文比另一本容易。Lifewasmuchharderthanitistoday.那时的生活比现在苦得多。EuropehaslesslandthanCanada.欧洲的面积比加拿大小。Theyareallyoungerthanme.他们都比我年轻。SheknowsmoreEnglishthanIdo.她的英语比我懂的多。2.有时状语从句可以省略：Theweatheriswarmertoday.今天天气要暖和得多。Areyoufeelingbetternow?现在你感觉好一点了吗？I’llbemorecarefulinfuture.以后我要细心点。Haveyougotalargersize?你们有大一点的吗？Ihadneverseenabetterfilm.我没看过(比这)更好的电影。3.比较级前有时有一个状语修饰：Mysisteristwoyearsyoungerthanme.我妹妹比我小两岁。Ourroomisslightlybiggerthantheirs.我们的房间比他们的稍微大一点。Page24of24 Thiscarisabitmoreexpensive.这辆车稍稍贵点。YouareaninchtallerthanTom.你比汤姆高一寸。Yourpronunciationismuchbetterthanmine.你发音比我好多了。4.比较级的形容词还可以用在某些句型中：MostcitiesinChinaaregettingbiggerandbigger.中国大多数城市越来越大。Hereadmorethantenbookslastterm.上学期他看了十几本书。Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙越高兴。Exercises:I.在空格中填入所给形容词的比较级：1.Thenewbuildingsaremuch___thantheoldhouses.(high)2.Youmake___mistakesthanIdo.(few)3.Helooked___thanIhadexpected.(strong)4.Itis___thanIthought.(expensive)5.It’sonly50percent___thanourmoon.(large)6.Elizabethwasfourminutes___thanJessica.(old)7.I’m___atEnglishthanatgeography.(bad)8.___latethannever.(good)9.Jimwasillbutheis___now.(well)10.Thedaywasgrowing___.(hot)11.Be___nexttime.(careful)12.It’s___underthetrees.(cool)II.把下面句子译为汉语：1.Thetownhasmorethan7,000people.2.Theyspendmoreandmoremoneyonfood.3.Shelookednomorethansixteen.4.Isawatinyman,lessthansixincheshigh.5.Ifoundmyselflessandlessinterestedinchemistry.6.Nolessthanathousandpeoplecametowatchthegame.7.Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.8.Thesmallerthehouseis,thelessitwillcosttoheat.9.Tellthemtocometoseeme―thesoonerthebetter.10.I’mfeelingalotbettertoday.　九.Therebe句型与have（has）Therebe句型与have，has的区别1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is；主语是复数，be动词用are；如有几件物品，be动词根据最靠近be动词的那个名词决定(就近原则).3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not，一般疑问句把be动词调到句首.4、therebe句型与have（has）的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have（has）表示某人拥有某物.Page24of24 5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句.6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句.7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What"s+介词短语？一．Fillintheblankwith“have，has”or“thereis，thereare”：1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_________atape-recorder.4._____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.6.They___________anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou___________？8.______________areading-roominthebuilding？9.WhatdoesMike___________？10.______________anybooksinthebookcase？11.Myfather_________astory-book.12._______________astory-bookonthetable.13._______________anyflowersinthevase？14.Howmanystudents____________intheclassroom？15.Myparents___________somenicepictures.16._____________somemapsonthewall.17.______________amapoftheworldonthewall.18.David__________atelescope.19.David"sfriends___________sometents.20.______________manychildrenonthehill.二．Fillintheblankwith“have”or“has”：1.I_________anicepuppet.2.He_________agoodfriend.3.They__________somemasks.4.We___________someflowers.5.She___________aduck.6.Myfather____________anewbike.7.Hermother___________avase.8.Ourteacher_________anEnglishbook.9.Ourteachers___________abasketball.10.Theirparents___________someblankets11.Nancy_________manyskirts.12.David__________somejackets.13.Myfriends__________afootball.14.Whatdoyou__________？15.WhatdoesMike__________？16.Whatdoyourfriends___________？Page24of24 17.WhatdoesHelen___________？18.Hisbrother________abasketball.19.Hersister_________anicedoll.20.MissLi__________anEnglishbook.十．祈使句　　定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。　　祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例：　　Goandwashyourhands.　　(去洗你的手。——命令)　　Bequiet,please.(Pleasebequiet.)　　(请安静。——请求)　　Bekindtooursister.　　(对姊妹要和善。——劝告)　　Watchyoursteps.　　(走路小心。——警告)　　Lookout!Danger!　　(小心!危险!——强烈警告，已如感叹句)　　Keepoffthegrass.　　(勿践草坪。——禁止)　　Noparking.　　(禁止停车。——禁止)　　祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如：　　Yougoandtellhim,Chris.(克立斯你去告诉他。)　　二、相关口令　　祈使句无主语,　主语you常省去;　　动词原形谓语当,　句首加don"t否定变;　　朗读应当用降调,　句末常标感叹号。　　三、表现形式　　●肯定结构:　　1.Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如leasehaveaseathere.请这边坐。　　有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.请这边走。　　2.Be型(即:Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!　　3.Let型(即Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分)。如Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。　　●否定结构:　　1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don"t构成。如Don"tforgetme!不要忘记我!　　Don"tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到!　　2.Let型的否定式有两种:“Don"t+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。如Don"tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。Page24of24 　　3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼! 　　练习：　　将下列汉语翻译成英语。　　1.请照看好您的包。___________________.　　2.让我们去学校吧!___________________!　　3.亲爱的,高兴点儿!___________________!　　4.不要把书放这儿。___________________.　　5.不要让猫进来。___________________.　　Key:　　1.Pleaselookafteryourbag　2.Let"sgotoschool　　3.Beglad,dear　4.Don"tputthebookhere5.Don"tletthecatcomein/Letthecatnotcomein以动词原形开头的句子，表示请求、命令、劝告和禁止等语气。祈使句的否定形式以Don’t或never加动词原形或者No加动词ing形式开头　　1)Let"s开头的祈使句如:Let"ssayitinEnglish.　　2)动词原形开头的祈使句.如:Listentotheteacher.　　3)以Please开头的祈使句如:Pleasetakeamessageforhim.　　4）Nevercopyyourclassmates’homework.5）带呼语的祈使句，如：Mary,comedownhere!(对mary讲话，而不带呼语的且以动词原形开头的祈使句则对第二人称讲话。Let"sgototheschool.(否定句）Let"snotgotoschool。Don"tgotoschool。十一、怎样对划线部分提问对划线部分进行提问，即针对句子中的某一成分提出问题。实质上是把一个陈述句变成一个特殊疑问句的过程。初学者，可利用“三步法”进行训练。对划线部分进行提问分三步第一步，分析划线部分的内容，能用那个疑问词来代替。（whatwhenhowwherewhowhichwhose等）第二步，写下疑问词后，找句子中是否有be动词，有be动词的做相应的变化，没有be动词，用助动词do/does（已给句子是一般现在时），然后找句子中的主语，主语写下来后，找动词，注意必须用动词的原形，接着剩下部分照抄。第三步，划线部分去掉（不能照抄），注意标点（句号改为问号）。例句1：Ihaveapenfriend.1)     分析划线部分，是名词，选疑问词what.2)     写下what，找句中是否有be动词，没有be动词，选择助动词do/does；主语是I，选择助动词do,主语I改成you，动词have用原形.3)     注意标点，句号变成问号。4)     问句：Whatdoyouhave?二常见的对划线部分进行提问的题型Page24of24 1对主语提问对主语提问时，只需找出一个恰当的疑问词代替划线部分；句子的语序不变。（1）主语是人，用who代替。1）MissZhang teachesusEnglish.WhoteachesyouEnglish？2）JimisateacherWhoisateacher？（2）主语是物用what代替1）Mybikeisunderthetree. Whatisunderthetree.？2）Theappleisred.Whatisred？3）Thereisabookinthebag.Whatisinthebag？（特殊事例一般不用whatisthere或whatarethere） 2对谓语提问（或谓语和宾语提问） 1  一般现在时  例1Heeatsanapple.（1）do代替eat  what代替an apple（2）写下疑问词，主语是he，无be动词，选用助动词does，动词原形用do（3）问句：Whatdoeshedo？ 例2Shedoesherhomework.（1）do代替does what代替homework（2）写下疑问词，主语是she，无be动词，选用助动词does，动词原形用do（3）问句：Whatdoesshedo?规则：          在一般现在时中，对动词提问，用do代替划线动词；   宾语用what代替；其句型结构是：What do/does-------do？2现在进行时  例1Heiseatinganapple.（1）doing代替eating  what代替an apple（2）疑问词what，有be动词，写下is，主语是he，划线部分用doing来代替（3）写下句子：Whatishedoing？规则：      在现在进行中，对动词提问，用doing代替划线动词；   宾语用what代替；其句型结构是：What is/are-------doing？3一般将来时  例1Heisgoingtoeatanapple.（1）do代替eat what代替an apple（2）疑问词what写下，有be动词is,主语he，照抄，begoingto是短语继续写，动词eat原形是do（3）写下句子：Whatishegoingtodo？规则：        在一般将来中，对动词提问，用do代替划线动词；口诀：Page24of24 对物、人名、职业进行提问用what对地点提问用where对关系提问用who对价格进行提问用howmuch。对数量进行提问用Howmany*对几点几分进行提问用whattime。对不是表示几点几分的时间状语进行提问用when。对年龄进行提问用howold。对颜色进行提问用whatcolor。对身体状况进行提问用how。对人进行提问用who（主格）或whom（宾格）。对出行方式状语提问用how。对星期提问用。whatday。对日期提问用whatdate。对天气提问用whatistheweatherlike---？或how对相貌特征提问用what-be----like？对四季提问用whichweather。 Page24of24