初一上英语语法知识与习题 (学生版) 11页

··七年级上册英语语法知识及习题定冠词的用法1)用于指谈话双方都知道的人或事物Openthedoor,please.请把门打开。2)用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）Ihaveapencil,thepencilisgreen.我有一支铅笔，这支铅笔是绿色的。3)用在序数词前Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.一月份是一年当中的第一个月。4)表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物thesun太阳themoon月亮theearth地球thesky天空theworld世界5)表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加theplaythepiano弹钢琴playtheviolin拉小提琴零冠词的用法1)专有名词前一般不加冠词Tom汤姆China中国Europe欧洲2)月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词January一月份Sunday星期日ChristmasDay圣诞节Thanksgiving感恩节NationalDay国庆节MayDay劳动节比较：...onaSundaymorning.在一个星期天的早晨...（表示某一个。）3）三餐、四季前一般不加冠词Ihavelunchatschool.我在学校吃午餐。4）球类运动不加冠词playbasketball打篮球playvolleyball打排球playfootball踢足球时态概说在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这种动词的不同形式称为时态。Iam14thisyear.今年我14岁。Iwas13lastyear.去年我13岁。Heplayssoccereveryday.他每天都踢足球。Heplayedsocceryesterday.昨天他踢足球了。英语中共有16种时态，常用的有9种。一般现在时一般现在时表示现在的状态，如：Heis12.Sheisathome.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，如：Igotoschoolat7:30everyday.表示主语具备的性格和能力等，如：Shelikesapples.TheyknowEnglish.动词的种类动词分为四种：连系动词,实义动词,助动词,情态动词1）连系动词：词义不完全，要和后面的表语一块构成谓语。如be(am,isare)是，sound听起来，look看起来Sheismysister.Thatsoundsinteresting.听起来很有趣。2）实义动词，有实际意义的动词，能单独做谓语。如see,ask,likeIlikebananas.3）助动词：本身没有词义，帮助实义动词一起构成否定句，疑问句。如do，does····· ··Idon’tlikechicken.Doeshelikeapples?4）情态动词；本身具有一定意义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。can,能，会，must,必须，情态动词后一定要用动词原形。IcanspeakEnglish.Imustfindit.我一定要找到它动词be的用法be的用法口诀我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。Be动词专项练习用am, is, are 填空：1.I ______ a student. ______ you a student? No, I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jack"s sister.  3. The dog _______ tall and fat.  4. The man _______ a teacher.  5. ______ your brother in the classroom?  6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.  7. How _______ your father?  8. JaneandTom_________myfriends  9. Where_____mypen? 10. Where______mybooks? 11. That ______ my red skirt.  12. Who ______ I?  13.The jeans ______ on the desk.  14.Here ______ a photoofmyfamily.  15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.  16. The black book ______ for Su Yang.  17. This pair of socks______ 20dollars.  18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.  19. Some tea ______ in the glass.  20.Howmuch____theskirt? 21 Howmuch______thetrousers? 22.  My sister"s name ______Nancy. 23. ______ David and Helen from England?  24. There ______ a girl in the room.  25. You, he and I ______ from China.句型转换的方法一.肯定句变否定句1.句子中有be，在be后加not。····· ··)Iamastudent.→Iamnotastudent.2)Theyareblue.→Theyaren’tblue.3)HeisTom.→Heisn’tTom2.谓语是动词原形，在动词前加don’t。)Ihaveabook.→Idon’thaveabook.2)TheylikeChinese.→Theydon’tlikeChinese.3)WecomefromChina.→Wedon’tcomefromChina.3谓语动词是第三人称单数，在动词前加doesn’t，动词用原形。1)Shehasabasketball.→Shedoesn’thaveabasketball2)MarialikesChina.→Mariadoesn’tlikeChina.3)JanecomesfromtheU.S.A.→Janedoesn’tcomefromtheU.S.A.练习：将下列句子变成否定句。1.Iamateacher.→I______ateacher.2.Wearestudents.→We________students.3.Janeisagirl.→Jane____agirl.4.TheylikeEnglish.→They_____likeChinese5.IcomefromChina.→I_______comefromChina.6.HelikesChinese.→He_______likeChinese.7.MariacomesfromCuba.→Maria______comefromCuba.8.WeknowMaria.→We________knowMaria二.肯定句变一般疑问句句子中有be，把be提到句首1)Iamastudent.→Areyouastudent?2)Theyareblue.→Aretheyblue?3)HeisTom.→IsheTom?2.谓语是动词原形，在句首加do。1).Ihaveabook.→Doyouhaveabook?2)TheylikeChinese.→DotheylikeChinese?3)WecomefromChina.→DoyoucomefromChina?3.谓语动词是第三人称单数，在句首加Does，动词用原形。1)Shehasabasketball.→Doesshehaveabasketball?2)MarialikesChina.→DoesMarialikeChina?3)JanecomesfromtheU.S.A.→DoesJanecomefromtheU.S.A?4)SheknowsMaria.→DoessheknowMaria?练习:将下列句子变成一般疑问句。1.Iamateacher.________ateacher?2.Theyarestudents.____________students?3.Janeisagirl.____________agirl?4.TheylikeEnglish.____theylikeEnglish?5.IcomefromChina.____youcomefromChina?6.HelikesChinese.____he_____Chinese?7.MariacomesfromAmerica._____Maria_____fromAmerica?····· ··8.WespeakChinese._____you_____Chinese?三.一般疑问句做肯定,否定回答1.AreyouMaria?肯定回答：Yes,Iam.否定回答：No,I’mnot.2.问句和答语的动词保持一致.1)Areyouastudent?肯:Yes,Iam.否：No,I’mnot.2)IsheJack?肯：_______________.否：_______________.3)DotheylikeChinese?肯：_______________.否：_______________.4)Doesshehaveabasketball?肯：_______________.否：_______________.3.问句和答语中的主语保持一致。（必须用主格）1)IsJanefromtheU.S.A?肯:Yes,sheis.否:No，sheisn’t.2)DoesLiHuacomefromChina?肯：_______________.否：_______________.3)DoJaneandMarialikeChina?肯：_______________.否：_______________.4)Isthisaruler?肯：_______________.否：_______________.5)Isthatadesk?肯：_______________.否：_______________.6)Arethesebooks?肯：_______________.否：_______________.7)Arethosepencils?肯：_______________.否：_______________.8)Aretheseerasers?肯：_______________.否：_______________.9)Isthatanorange?肯：_______________.否：_______________.练习：给下列句子做肯定回答或否定回答。1.Areyouastudent?Yes,____________.No,______________.2.DotheylikeEnglish?Yes,_______________.No,_______________.3.IsJaneagirl?Yes,________________.No,________________..4.DoesMarialikeChina?Yes,_______________.No,_______________.5.IsJennyastudent?····· ··Yes,_______________No,_______________.6.Isthatagirl?Yes,_______________No,_______________.7.Arethosetelephones?Yes,_______________No,_______________.8.DoesTomknowJane?Yes,_______________No,_______________.9.DotheycomefromtheU.S.A?Yes,__________________No,_______________.10.Isthisanegg?Yes,__________________No,_______________四.对划线部分提问.口诀：一选二变三问号:一选是分析句意，先选疑问词，代替划线部分（划线部分去掉），二变是把剩余部分变成一般疑问句（疑问词作主语时除外），第三步加上问号。练习：对划线部分提问1.Theshoesareblack___________________________________2.Sheismyteacher.___________________________________3Mykeysareonthesofa._________________________________4.Lilyisintheclassroom.__________________________________5.Iamfine.___________________________________6.ThatboyisTom.___________________________________10.Hertelephonenumberis88828539.___________________________________11.Theskirtis12dollars___________________________________12.Sheis12yearsold.___________________________________13.HisnameisJimGreen.___________________________________14.MybirthdayisonDecember,24___________________________________1.MynameisNancy.__________________yourname?2.IamfromChina.__________________youfrom?3.Iamfine._________areyou?4.Miss.WangisourEnglishteacher._________isyourEnglishteacher?5.Lucyistenyearsold.__________________areyou?6.Itisyellow.__________________isit？7.Mytelephonenumberis5805000.__________________yourtelephonenumber?8.Theyarecars._________arethey?9.Thisismycap._________capisthis?10.MyfavoritemoviestarisBruceLee._________isyourfavoritemoviestar?五.同义句转换.····· ··1.PleasegiveJanethebook.Please_______thebook_______Jane.2.Thisismybook.Thisbookis_______3.Hehasshorthair.______________isshort.4.Myrulerisnotlong.Myruleris_______5.Thisjacketisnotnew.Thisjacketis_______6.MyEnglishteacherisold.MyEnglishteacherisnot_________.六.单复数转换.1.将下列句子变成复数.Itisabox._____________________________.Thisisaruler.______________________________.Thatisaneraser.______________________________.Heisastudent.______________________________..2.将下列句子变成单数。1.Theyarepencils._____________________________.2.Theseareerasers._____________________________.3.Theyareboys._____________________________.4.Theyaregirls._____________________________..5.Thosearebooks._____________________________..6.Thesearedesks._____________________________.7.Theseareboxes._____________________________..8.Thosearecars._____________________________.六.仿照例句改写下列句子。　　Sheisintheclassroom.　　否定句：Sheisnotintheclassroom.　　一般疑问句：Issheintheclassroom?　　回答：Yes,sheis.(No,sheisn’t)1.Iamastudent.否定句：____________________________________一般疑问句：________________________________肯、否定回答：_____________________________2.Thisismybook.否定句：_____________________________________一般疑问句：__________________________________肯、否定回答：________________________________3.Theyareonthedesk.否定句：___________________________________一般疑问句：_______________________________肯、否定回答：_____________________________4.Thepenisred.····· ··否定句：___________________________________一般疑问句：_______________________________肯、否定回答：_____________________________八．改写句子1.Thosearemybooks.否定句：____________________________________一般疑问句：________________________________肯、否定回答：_____________________________变单数：________________________________划线部分提问：________________________________2.Sheismygoodfriend.否定句：_____________________________________一般疑问句：__________________________________肯、否定回答：________________________________变复数：____________________________________划线部分提问：________________________________3.Thepenisinthedesk.否定句：___________________________________一般疑问句：_______________________________肯、否定回答：_____________________________变复数：____________________________________划线部分提问：________________________________动词have,has的用法用法一.have强调所属关系，主语常为人或物。意为“有”当主语是第三人称单数，并且只有当句子为肯定句时，动词“有”用has，当主语不是第三人称单数时，以及否定句和疑问句中用一律用have一．用have或has填空：1.She__________someballs.2.They___________anicegarden.3.MissLidoesn’t__________anEnglishbook.4.WhatdoesMike___________?5.Myfather_________astory-book。6.Myparentsdon’t___________anynicepictures.7.David’sfriends___________abasketball.8.David__________somejackets.二．仿照例句句型转换：1.Wehaveabaseball.①变一般疑问句Doyouhaveabaseball?②肯定回答Yes,Ido.③否定回答No,Idon’t.④否定句Wedon’thaveabaseball.⑤对划线部分提问Whatdoyouhave?2.Davidhasaruler.①变一般疑问句DoesDavidhavearuler?(注意has变成have)②肯定回答Yes,hedoes.····· ··③否定回答No,hedoesn’t④否定句Daviddoesn’thavearuler.(注意has变成have)⑤对划线部分提问WhatdoesDavidhave?(注意has变成have)练习：1.Erichassomenicephotos.①变一般疑问句______________________________②肯定回答______________________③否定回答______________________④否定句________________________⑤对划线部分提问_____________________________2.Herfriendshavemanybooks.①变一般疑问句______________________________②肯定回答______________________③否定回答______________________④否定句________________________⑤对划线部分提问_____________________________3.Ourschoolhasalibrary.①变一般疑问句______________________________②肯定回答______________________③否定回答______________________④否定句________________________⑤对划线部分提问_____________________________4.Lucyhasanorangeskirt.①变一般疑问句______________________________②肯定回答______________________③否定回答______________________④否定句________________________⑤对划线部分提问_____________________________用法二.Have和has除了意思为“有”外，还可以表示“吃或喝”1.吃早饭__________2.吃午饭____________3.吃晚饭____________用法三Have也可以和表示某种活动的名词连用，意为“举行”7.上课_________________8.举行生日聚会_______________________句型转换1.Ihavesomefishforluncheveryday.①变一般疑问句______________________________②肯定回答______________________③否定回答______________________④否定句________________________⑤对划线部分提问_____________________________2.Lilyhasapplesfordinner.①变一般疑问句______________________________②肯定回答______________________③否定回答______________________④否定句________________________····· ··⑤对划线部分提问_____________________________(三)动词like的用法仿照例句句型转换：1.Theylikeicecream.①变一般疑问句Dotheylikeicecream?②肯定回答Yes,theyIdo.③否定回答No,theydon’t.④否定句theydon’tlikeicecream.⑤对划线部分提问Whatdotheylike?2.Shelikesvegetables.①变一般疑问句Doesshelikevegetables?(注意likes变成like)②肯定回答Yes,shedoes.③否定回答No,shedoesn’t.④否定句Shedoesn’tlikevegetables(注意likes变成like)⑤对划线部分提问Whatdoesshelike?练习：1.Ilikestrawberries.①变一般疑问句______________________________②肯定回答______________________③否定回答______________________④否定句________________________⑤对划线部分提问_____________________________2.youlikesalad.①变一般疑问句______________________________②肯定回答______________________③否定回答______________________④否定句________________________⑤对划线部分提问_____________________________3.Lilylikesapples.①变一般疑问句______________________________②肯定回答______________________③否定回答______________________④否定句________________________⑤对划线部分提问_____________________________4.Hisfatherlikespears.①变一般疑问句______________________________②肯定回答______________________③否定回答______________________④否定句________________________⑤对划线部分提问_____________________________句型转换专项训练1.Herphonenumberis2345167.(提问)________________phonenumber?····· ··1.IamJimGreen.(同义句)____________________JimGreen.2.ThisisanIDcard.(提问)_______________inEnglish?3.ThisisJim’scard.(同义句)__________isJim’s.4.HerfamilynameisGreen.(同义句)Her________________isGreen.5.TheyareLucyandLily.(同义句)____________________LucyandLily.6.MylastnameisGreenandfirstnameisJim.(同义句)___________________________.7.He’sinClassOne.(提问)______________________hein?8.Thisisaniceflower.(同义句)____________________nice.9.That’smypencilcase.(变否定句)______________mypencilcase.10.Isthisyourdictionary?(变复数句)_____________your_________?11.Areyouateacher?(做肯定回答)_______,_____________.12.Fiveandtwoisseven.(提问)________________fiveandtwo?13.Thepencilisblue.(提问)______________________thepencil?14.LilyismyfriendandLucyismyfriend,too.(同义句)LucyandLily____________________.15.Thisisagirl.(变复数句)_____________________girls.16.Thesearemyfriends.(变否定句)______________myfriends.17.MrsGreenisKate’smother.(同义句)Kateis ____________________.18.ThoseareTom’sphotos.(变单数句)_____________Tom’sphoto.19.Thankyouforyourphotos.(同义句)______________yourphotos.20.ThoseareKate’spens.(同义句)____________________Kate’s.21.She’smyaunt’sdaughter.(变复数句)______myaunt’s________.22.Thatwoman’sJim’saunt.(提问)________________thatwoman?23.a,is,family,this,of,photo,David’s(连词成句)___________________________24.Mybooksareinthebag.(变一般疑问句)____________booksinthebag?25.Hisbaseballisunderthechair.(变复数句)_____________________underthechair.26.Yourkeysarenexttothedoor.(变单数句)Your_____________nexttothedoor.27.Thesweaterisonthebed.(变一般疑问句)____________________onthebed?28.Ineedahat.(变否定句) I______________ahat.29.Therearesomeapplesonthetree.(变一般疑问句)____________________applesonthetree?30.Iknowyourpenisblack.(变否定句) I______________yourpen______black.31.Arethosebananasgreen?(做肯定回答)________,________________.32.Someapplesareonthebed.(提问)________________onthebed?33.Wecanseeabirdinthetree.(变一般疑问句)____________________abirdinthetree?34.Wehavesevenclasseseveryday.(变否定句) We______________sevenclasseseveryday.35.Hehastwobasketballs.(变一般疑问句)____________________twobasketballs?36.Shehasabrother.(变复数句)______________abrother.37.IsthereamapofChinainyourclass?(同义句) _______yourclass_______amapofChina?38.Hehasacomputergame.(变否定句) He______________acomputergame.39.Marydoeshomeworkathome.(变一般疑问句) _______Mary_______homeworkathome?40.Suehasasportscollection.(变一般疑问句)______Sue______asportscollection?41.Ihavesevenballs.(变否定句)I ______________sevenball.42.Jimlikessports.(提问)________________Jim_______?····· ··1.Lucyplaystheguitareveryday.(提问)________________Lucyplaytheguitar?2.Thisgameisrelaxing.(同义句) _______is_______________game.3.Terryhaseightballs.(提问)________________balls ________Terryhave?4.Shehastwoeggsforbreakfast.(提问)________________she________forbreakfast?5.Thisisastrawberry.(变复数句)______________________________.6.MotherhasFrenchfriesandicecream.(变否定句)Mother______________Frenchfriesandicecream.7.Theydon’tlikehamburgers.(变一般疑问句)______they______hamburgers?8.SandraClarkisafamousrunningstar.(提问)________________SandraClark?9.Thegirllikeshamburgers.(提问)________________hamburgers?10.Doeshelikeicecream?(变肯定句)He_________________.11.Tomlikessaladandicecream.(变否定句)Tom____________salad_______icecream.12.Mybrotherplayssportsinthemorning.(变一般疑问句)______yourbrother______sportsinthemorning?13.Iwantthreeshirts.(提问)________________shirts_______youwant?14.Thepantsare38dollars.(提问)________________________thepants?15.CanIhelpyou?(同义句) _______canI_____________________?16.Howmuchisthisdress?(变复数句)Howmuch________________________?17.Iwanttobuyapairofshoes.(提问)________________you_______tobuy? 18.Ilikered.(提问)________________________you________?19.Theblueskirtisonly30dollars.(提问)________________isonly30dollars?20.Thosearemysocks.(同义句) ___________are_____.21.HerbirthdayisinJuly.(提问)________________herbirthday?22.Susanis13yearsold.(提问)________________________Susan?23.Wehavefootballgameatourschool.(提问)________________you_______footballgame?24.Myauntis60yearsold.(提问)________________________________?25.Boblikesmusic.(变否定句)Bob_____________music.26.JoecanspeakChinese.(变一般疑问句)______Joe______Chinese?27.Mybrothercanplaytheguitar.(提问)________________yourbrother________?28.Shecansing.(用dance变选择疑问句)________shesing_______dance?29.Hecanhelpyou.(提问)______________helpyou?30.Hisparentshavelunchat12o’clock.(提问)_____________________hisparentshavelunch?31.Helikesmathbest.(同义句)__________________ismath.32.JoelikesChinesebecauseit’sinteresting.(提问)______________Joe______Chinese?33.It’sSaturdaytoday.(提问)______________isittoday?34.Heplaysfootballfortwohours.(提问)_____________________heplayfootball?35.Wegoandseehim.(变祈使句)____________andseehim.·····