大学英语语法主谓一致新 124页

英语语法主谓一致 练习：1.TheAlps(covers,cover)anareaof200,000squarekilometersand(is,are)thegreatestmountainrangeinEurope.2.Draughts(is,are)aneasiergamethanchess.3.What(is,are)hispolitics? 4.TheremainsofShakespeare(is,are)buriedonStratford-on-Avon.5.MrSmith’smorals(is,are)abovecriticism. 6.Usuallyabirdspeciesfacingthedangerofextinction(gains,gain)publicrecognition.7Thespeciesoffishintheaquarium(is,are)numerous. 主谓一致Subject-verbConcord“一致”（concord或agreement）指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系，这又叫做“主-动一致”（Subject-verbConcord）。 指导原则1.语法一致原则（GrammaticalConcord)主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。Bothboyshavetheirownmerits.Mucheffortiswasted. 2.意义一致原则（NotionalConcord）1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词为复数。Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives. 指导原则单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people,police,cattle,militia等。2)主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。Thenewswasveryexciting.形复意单的单词有news,works（工厂）和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，physics,economics等。 3.就近原则（PrincipleofProximity）谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。EitheryourstudentsorMr.Wangknowsthis. I.以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致1.以S结尾的表示疾病的名词作主语时谓语用单数arthritis:关节炎bronchitis:支气管炎mumps:腮腺炎diabetes:糖尿病phlebitis:静脉炎但是measles(麻疹)，rickets(软骨病)谓语可用单/复数 2.以S结尾的表示游戏名称的名词谓语常用单数darts:投镖游戏dominoes:多米诺骨牌marbles:打弹子游戏billiards:台球 I.以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致但cards(打纸牌)用复数；当它们表示所用工具时谓语用复数Twodartsarethrownateveryturn. 3.以ics结尾的学科名称通常用单数mathematics:数学physics:物理学optics:光学statistics:统计学politics:政治学acoustics:声学/音响效果 economics:经济学athletics:体育学mechanics:机械学semantics:语义学linguistics:语言学tactics:兵法/策略 当这类名词表示学科以外的其它意义时用作复数Statistics(be)notasdifficultassomepeoplethink.Thelateststatisticsoncrime(be)beyonddescription.注:下列以ics结尾的名词仅用作单数classics:杰作,著作comics:连环图画ethics:伦理学cosmetics:化妆品 Ethics(deal)withmoralconduct.伦理学是研究道德行为的。Theethicsofhisdecision(be)doubtful.他那决定中的道德准绳值得怀疑。 4.以S结尾的地理名称如山脉，海峡，瀑布，群岛等谓语动词通常用作复数theWestIndies西印度群岛theBahamas巴哈马群岛 theHimalayas喜马拉雅山脉theStraitsofGibraltar直布罗陀海峡theNiagaraFalls尼亚加拉瀑布theRockies落基山脉 但如果是国名，则用作单数，如:theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations,theNetherlands（荷兰）。 5.由二部分组成的物体通常以S结尾，如果不带“一把”等单位词而单独使用，通常用作复数。 scissors剪子shears大剪刀pincers、tongs钳子pliers老虎钳pants裤子pajamas睡衣，宽长裤suspenders吊裤带knickers短裤，灯笼裤 jeans工装裤shorts短裤briefs三角裤shoesglasses/spectacles眼镜binoculars望远镜chopsticks 如带有单位词，则由单位词的单/复数来决定谓语动词的单/复数Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.Twopairsofshoesareunderthedesks. 6.下列以s结尾的名词通常用作复数archives:档案arms:武器eaves:屋檐contents:内容goods:货物suburbs:郊区thanks:谢意wages:工资stairs:楼梯remains:遗体morals:道德minutes:记录 注:whereabouts(行踪，下落)，dramatics(舞台艺术)可用单/复数7.凡是由-ings结尾的名词常用作复数clippings:剪下来的东西filings:锉屑earnings:收入diggings:掘出的东西 lodgings:租的房间surroundings:环境sweepings:扫拢的垃圾注:tidings(消息,音信)可用作单或复数 ８.以Ｓ结尾的单，复数同形的名词，谓语动词形式取决于这些名词是用作单数还是用作复数；意义不同，单／复数也不同 barracks:营房headquarters:总部means:方法,手段,工具series:系列species:种类works:工厂crossroads:十字路口 Thisglassworkswassetupin2008.Theseglassworksareneartherailwaystation. 9.少数名词用作单数和用作复数意义不同What’stheodds?有什么要紧？=whatdoesitmatter?（差别）Theoddsareagainstus.我们成功的机会很小。（可能的机会） Themartyr’sremainswereburiedatthefootofthehill.遗体Hereistheremainsofthetemple.遗迹 II.集体名词（CollectiveNoun）作主语的主谓一致1.通常用作复数的集体名词:people,police,folk,youth,cattle,poultry,militia,verminHiscattlewerestilllean.Manycattlearekept.饲养了很多牲畜。Severalhundredpolicewereonduty.几百个警察在执勤。Thepolicearesearchingforhim. 2.通常用作单数的集体名词:advice,baggage,equipment,information,knowledge,machinery,scenery,news,foliage,merchandise,furniture II.集体名词（CollectiveNoun）作主语的主谓一致Themerchandiseondisplayintheshopwindowisverygood.Allthemachineryisnew. 3.既可用作复数也可用作单数的集体名词：family,army,group,committee,company,government,enemy,class,team,party,club,majority,crowd,audience,jury,union,fleet（舰队）,faculty（能力；大学教职人员），crew，public Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.Hisfamily___goingtohavealongjourney.Thewholefamily____watchingTV. 1.Thejury____inopinionabout“sentenceofdeath.”A.disagreesB.disagreeC.agreesD.hasdisagreed2.Todaythepublic____aboutthewaynatureisbeingruined.A.areconcernedB.isconcernedC.havebeenconcernedD.isbeingconcerned 3.Thecommitteecan"tcometoadecisionbecause____atodds.A.ithasB.theyhaveC.itisD.theyare 4.Themajority_____onBen"sside,butPeterdisagreeswiththemontwopoints.A.wereB.wasC.isD.are Keys:bddd Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.1Oneofmybestfriends_____(have)movedtoAmerica.2Thestudent,withthehostfamily,_____(be)invitedtoawelcomepartywhenhearrivedatthecity.3Insummer,myfamilyalways______(eat)lunchinthepark.haswaseat 4Atthemoment,thewholeclass_______________(enjoy)sightseeingtripsinthecity.5Thegovernment____(be)tryingtoprotecttheenvironment.6Mystudygroup______(want)tohavepenfriends.7Myfather’scompany____(be)payingforsummercoursesforourclass.is/areenjoyingiswantis 8Ourteam_____(have)organizedamatchagainstavisitingschool.9Sixweeks____(be)alongtimetobeawayfromhome.10Thepolice_____(be)hopingthere’llbenotroubleattheconcert.11What’sreallyexciting___(be)thatit’sfilmforkidsbykids.12Choosingtherightdictionary______(depend)onwhatyouwanttouseitfor.hasisareisdepends 主谓一致1.以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致2.集体名词（CollectiveNoun）作主语的主谓一致3.并列结构(CoordinateSubject)做主语的主谓一致4.以及“限定词+名词”作主语的主谓一致5.数词、量词作主语的主谓一致 Exercises1.Ethics______(deal)withmoralconduct.2.Theethicsofhisdecision______(be)doubtful.3.ArabianNights_____(be)abookpopularwiththeyoungchildren. 4.Allmeansthat_____possible_____beenusedtosavehimA.is;haveB.were;haveC.was;hasD.are;has 5.Eitheryouortheheadmaster____theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.ishandingoutC.arehandingoutB.aretohandoutD.istohandout III.并列结构(CoordinateSubject)做主语的主谓一致1.用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语通常用复数Tomeantodosomethingandtoactuallydosomethingaretwoseparatethings. 但是当并列主语指的是同一个人，事物或概念时，谓语用单数，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Thegirl’steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor. Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.Breadandbutterisourdailyfood. 类似结构有：whiskyandsoda,strawberryandcream,saltandwater,hamandegg,cartandhorse，fishandchips等。 2.当and连接的单数主语前面有each,every,manya,no等修饰时，（即manya…andmanya…;every…andevery…;each…andeach…;no…andno…）谓语动词用单数 Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasseenthebrighter-than-expectedwhiteflashoflight.Noteacherandnostudentwaspresentattheopeningceremony. 3.由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also),not…but等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语与邻近的主语取得一致 Eitheryouorheistogo.NotonlyJoanbuthersistersknowthecombinationtothesafewhichcontainsthelistofthefamilysecurities. 练习：1.____eitherheorhisaccountantsgoingtoclaimfortheloss?A.AreB.WereC.IsD.Does2.Everypolicemanandfireman____onthealert.A.havebeenB.wasC.areD.were 3.Joe’sfather,alongwithhistwouncles,____inNewYorkonemoreday.A.demandthathestayB.demandsthathestaysC.demandsthathestayD.demandthathestaysKeys:cbc 4.如主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan,ratherthan,like,but,except,besides,inadditionto等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数 Thatman,aswellashiswife,isaccusedofmolestingminorssince1950s.Aprofessor,togetherwithhisstudents,wassenttoworkinNigeria.Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrented. IV.代词以及“限定词+名词”作主语的主谓一致1.由不定代词every,each,eachone,eachof,another,either,neither,noone,theother,everybody,everything,manya,morethanone等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语用单数。 Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.MorethanonemanbelievesthatthepromiseoftheAmericanDreamisstilloutofreachformanyblacksinthecity. 2.由“agreatmany,agoodmany,agroupof,anumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用复数。 IV.代词以及“限定词+名词”作主语的主谓一致Agreatmanygraduatesthinktheyareallentitledtomakeamistakeonceinawhile. 3.allof,someof,alotof,halfof,mostof,themajorityof,twothirdsof,ninetypercentof,therestof,plentyof,partof,heapsof（堆）等+名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单/复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数，因为这些词是中心词 Halfoftheapplesgobad.Therestofthelandisuncultivated. 练习：1.Althoughthefirstpartofthebookiseasy,therest_____.A.aredifficultB.hasproveddifficultC.issupposeddifficultD.havebeenfounddifficult 2.Mrs.Angelfeelsveryhappywhentherest____appearance.A.makesB.maketheirC.hasmadetheirD.havemadehis 3.Morethanoneexample____necessarytomakethestudentsunderstandthisruleclearly.A.shouldbeB.isC.areD.havebeenKeys:bbbc 4.Anotherfiveweeks____necessaryforustofinishthework.A.areB.wereC.isD.willhavebeen V.数词、量词作主语的主谓一致1.表加，减，乘，除等算式时，谓语常用单数。Tenminustwoiseight.Fortydividedbyeightisfive. 2.当aportionof,aseriesof,apileof,akindof,agreatdealof,agreatamountof等+名词，谓语动词用单数形式 AlargeportionofEmily"spoemswasfoundandpublishedafterherdeath.AseriesoflecturesoneducationalpsychologyissaidtobegivenbyE.Stone. 3.当aflockof,adroveof,aschoolof,aswarmof,aherdof,apackof等集体名词被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数。如指个体，用复数Usually,aherdofAfricanelephantshasuptoonethousandmembers. 4.thenumberof+复数，谓语用单数；anumberof+复数，谓语用复数AnumberofBritonsweresenttoTehranyesterday.ThenumberofBritonswasfifty-four. 练习：1.ThenumberofstudentsintheoralEnglishprogramtraining____to20.A.limitsB.islimitedC.limitedD.arelimited 2.Aseriesofdebatesbetweenthelecturers____forthenextweekend.A.arescheduledB.wasscheduledC.werescheduledD.havebeenscheduledKeys:bb VI.分句，从句作主语的主谓一致1.不定式分句和ing分词分句作主语，谓语用单数WritingstoriesandarticlesiswhatIenjoymost.2.名词性从句作主语，谓语动词常用单数Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery. VI.分句，从句作主语的主谓一致ThatblacksinAmerica’ssecond-largestcityfaretheworstamongallmajorracesineducation,health,economics,housingandcriminaljusticeissaidbyastudyreleasedonWednesday.. 3.定语从句中从句与先行词的数保持一致Iamoneofthosepeoplewhobythegeneralopinionoftheworldarecountedbothinfamousandunhappy.GeorgeistheoneofthebrightestconfidantswhohasgraduatedfromMongoliaUniversity. 4.强调句“ItisIwho….”中，分句动词形式与I要保持一致。非正式英语中，可用me代替I,随后的分句动词常用第三人称单数ItisIwhoamtoblame.Itismethatwasinjuredintheaccident. 5.存在句中，be的单复数适用就近原则Therehastobealotofgive-and-takeinanysuccessfulmarriage.Therearefourchairs,atable,andasmallbedintheroom. 练习：1.Johnistheoneofthestaffmemberswho___tobetransferred.A.isgoingB.aregoingC.havebeengoingD.hasbeengoing2.Heisoneofthosepersonswho___neversatisfied.A.areB.isC.hasbeenD.tobe 3.Whattheyhavedone___usefultothepeople.A.areconsideredB.isconsideredC.havebeenconsideredD.willbeconsideredKeys:aab 6．某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数第一组：谓语用复数agreatmany+可数名词复数anumberof+可数名词复数themajorityof+可数名词 第二组；谓语用单数thenumberof+可数名词复数each/every+可数名词复数neither/eitherof+可数名词复数oneandahalf+可数名词复数 第三组；morethanone+可数名词单数谓语用单数manya+可数名词单数谓语用单数 第四组；thegreaterpartofalargeproportionof50%ofonethirdofplentyoftherestof谓语的数与of后面的名词一致 第五组；(n)either…(n)or….notonly…..butalso……not…..but……谓语的数与主语的第二部分（即(n)or/butalso/but引导的后面部分）一致. ExerciseFive1.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren__astronginfluenceonthecharacterofthechildren.A.haveB.hasC.havingD.tohave 2.Neitheroftheyoungmenwhohadappliedforapositionintheuniversity___.A.hasbeenacceptedB.havebeenacceptedC.wasacceptedD.wereaccepted 3.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,___morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.A.haveallowedB.allowC.allowingD.allows 4.Nonews________goodnews.Ithinkhe’llbebacksoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were5.Maths________myfavouritesubject.A.areB.isC.amD.be 6.Halfoftheclass_____mostofthework.Someofthework________reallydifficult.A.havedone,isB.hasdone,areC.hasdone,isD.havedone,are7.Inourclass________ofthestudents______girls.A.threefifth,areB.threefifths,areC.thirdfifth,isD.threefifths,is 8.BothKateandI________readyforthepicnicnow.A.isnotB.amgettingC.aregettingD.isgetting9.—Arethereanyfishinthelakenow?—No.___anywaterinitinwinter.A.Thereisn’tB.Therearen’tC.Itisn’tD.Theyaren’t 10.—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea___invited.AwereBhavebeenChasbeenDwas11.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen Agreement(主谓一致)一、选择填空1.Thenumberofpeopleinvited________fifty,butanumberofthem______absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were2.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool______by5%everyyear.A.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raises3.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedCCA 4.E-mail,aswellastelephones,____animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayedD.play5.NobodybutJane_______thesecret.A.KnowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown6.Allbutone______herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were7.Eitheryouortheheadmaster____theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.ishandingoutC.arehandingoutB.aretohandoutD.istohandout8.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary______tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.ABDDB 9.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho_____inthekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingD.arepaidwell10._____ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are11.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided12.There_____nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobeBCAC 13.----Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,____togotouniversity.----SodoI.A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped14.Agroupof_______areeating____and____atthefootofthehill.A.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheeps;grasses;leavesC.sheep;grass;leafD.sheeps;grass;leafs15.Allthe____aremadeof_______,notplastics.A.glass;glassB.glasses;glassC.glass;glassesD.glasses;glasses16.ItwasheandIwho_____atyourhouseyesterday.A.wasB.amC.wereD.is17.Allmeansthat_____possible_____beenusedtosavehimA.is;haveB.were;haveC.was;hasD.are;hasBABCB 二．用所给词的适当形式填空1.Heradvice_______usefultome.(be)2.Layingeggs_______thequeenant’sfull-timejob.(be)3.Everyone_______TomandMarywillgetmarriednextmonth.(know)4.Nothing______beendonetostopthelakefrombeingpolluted.(have)5.Eitheroftherooms____bigenough.(be)6.Morethanoneperson_____killedintheaccident.(be)7.Morequestionsthanone_______beenasked.(have)8.Apoorwomantogetherwithherfourchildren______foundbegginginthestreet.(be)isisknowshasiswashavewas 9.Theprofessor,includingallofhisstudents______goneabroad.(have)10.Twohours_____enoughforustofinishthework.(be)11.Onehundreddollarsamonth_____notahighpay.(be)12.ArabianNights_____abookpopularwiththeyoungchildren.(be)13.Politics_______noteasyforthestudentstolearnwell.(be)14.Theyouth______fondofrock’nrollmusic.(be)15.Fiftytonsofcoal_______wastedinthefactorylastyear.(be)16.Alargequantityofnewmachines_______beenboughtbythefactorythisyear.(have)hasisisisisarewerehave 17.Collectingstampsandplayingtheguitar_____myhobbies.18.Eachboyandeachgirl______tofinishtheworkontime.(be)19.Whattheyneeded_____somewater.(be)20.Nearly60percentofthestudentsinourclass____boys.(be)21.Morethantwothirdsofthesurfaceoftheearth___coveredbywater.(be)22.Neithermyparentsnormysister_______knownthesecret.(have)23.There___somewaterandstonesinthebottle.(be)areisisareishasis 三．对比选择填空：1．a.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat_______gotfullmark.b.Heisoneofthestudentsthat______gotfullmake.A.isB.areC.hasD.have 三．对比选择填空：2.a.Threefourthsoftheteacherspresent___againsttheplan.b.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth______coveredwithwater.A.isB.areC.wasD.were 三．对比选择填空：3.a.Thefamoussingeranddancer____ourpartythisevening.b.Thefamoussingerandthefamousdancer_____ourpartythisevening.A.aregoingtoattendB.wastoattendC.weretoattendD.isgoingtoattend 4.a.Anumberofstudents____fromthecountry.b.Thenumberofstudents___900.A.isB.areC.hasD.have 5.a.Whereandwhentohavetheparty_____notbeendecidedyet.b.WhatIsayandthink_____nothingtodowithyou.A.isB.hasC.areD.have 6.a.Manyaboy______thiskindofbicycle.b.Manyboys______thiskindofbicycle.A.likeB.likes 7.a.Allbutone________herenow.b.Thereisnothingunusual.All_____goingwell.A.hasB.isC.haveD.are 8.a.Whatshewants____moretime.b.Whatshewants____moresheep.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are 9.a.Icanworkouttwoofthefiveproblems,buttherest______toodifficultforme.b.Ihavefinishedonethirdoftheworkandtherest_____leftforyou.A.isB.areC.hasD.have 10.a.Thepopulationofthesmallcountry_____600,000.b.Twothirdsofthepopulationinthissmallcountry____farmers.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are 11.a.Thebasketballteam______bathsnow.b.Thebasketballteam______5members.A.hasB.ishavingC.arehavingD.have 12.a.Myfamily_____verysmall.b.Thefamily______sittingroundthetablenow.A.isB.wereC.wasD.are 13.a.EitheryouorI______goingtotheteacher’sofficeafterclass.b.______eitheryouorIgoingtotheteacher’sofficeafterclass?A.isB.areC.amD.has 14.a.Theyeach______anewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.b.Eachofthem______anewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.hasB,haveC.isD.are 15.a.Ascientistandsomeofhisassistants_____tohelptodothework.b.Ascientist,aswellassomeofhisassistants,____tohelptodothework.A.sentB.sendC.weresentD.wassent 16.a.There__amagazine,afewlettersandsomenewspapersonthetable.b.There___afewletters,amagazineandsomenewspaperonthetable.A.isB.areC.haveD.has 17.a.Eitherofthestreet______linedbytreesandflowers.b.Bothofthestreet_______linedbytreesandflowers.A.isB.areC.haveD.has 18.a.Allthatheneeds________moretimeandmoney.b.Allthatheneeds________morenaturalresources.A.isB.areC.haveD.has 19.a.Therestofthestudentsintheschool____goingtostayatschool.b.Therestofhisincome_______togivetohismother.A.isB.areC.wasD.were 20.a.Thesheepthathehasraised____whiteones.b.Thesheepheisgoingtogivetohisson______ayoungone.A.isB.areC.haveD.has Diligenceisthemotherofgoodluck! 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