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高一英语语法与词语练习题含答案必看

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高一英语语法与词语练习题(含答案)必看高一英语语法与词语练习题含答案从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Wewon’tgiveup_______weshouldfailtentimes.A.evenifB.sinceC.whetherD.until2.Theteacherspokeloudly_______thestudentscouldhearhimclearly.A.soasB.thatC.sothatD.inorderto3.Youcanhavethemagazine_______Ifinishreadingit.A.inthemomentB.themomentC.themomentasD.inthemomentwhen4._______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.ThepersonB.AnyoneC.WhoD.Whoever5.Thereason______hewaslateforschoolwas_______hehadtosendhismothertoahospital.A.that;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because6.Fathermadeapromise_______Ipassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeabicycle. A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.thatif1._______youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2._______theoldman’ssonswantedtoknowwas______thegoldhadbeenhidden.A,That;whatB.What;whereC.What;thatD.What;if3.Itissaid____________wasall______hesaid.A.that;that;thatB.what;what;whatC.that;which;whatD.that;that;which4.Hetoldus______hehaddone.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?A.whatB.allthatC.thatD.allwhat5.Healwaysthinksof_______hecandomoreforthepeople.A.whatB.howC.ifD.whatever6.Themonitorsuggestedthatwe______forapicniconSunday.A.wentB.mustgoC.couldgoD.go 1.______WangFenglookedaftertheoldwomanawholeyearmovedusall.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhenD.Why2.______getshomesfirstistocookthesupper.A.WhoB.WhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever3.Itdependson_______hehasenoughmoney.A.ifB.weatherC.ifornotD.whether4.Ourhometownisquitedifferentfrom______before.A.thatitwasB.whatitwasC.whichitwasD.whenitwas5.Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublic______theydoanimportantjob.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which6.Thefact______hedidn’tseeLaoLiyesterdayistrue.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what7.Itisprettywellunderstood______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how8._______madetheschoolproudwas_______morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokey universities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because1.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s_________.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited2._______DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.That’swhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhim_______happens.A.Whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whateverC.Nomatterwhat;nomatterwhatD.Whatever;however3.Someofthescientistsheldthepoint____________thebooksaidwasright.A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;thatD.that;what4.Thereislittledoubt_______heradviceisofgreatervaluetous.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.if 1.Thefactcameup_______specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose2.Iagreedtoaccept_______theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.A.whateverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whoever3.Sometimesweareasked______wethinkthelikelyresultofanactionwillbe.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whether4._______theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayedis______I’mespeciallyworriedabout.A.If;whatB.Whether;thatC.When;thatD.Whether;what5.Actually,girlscanbe______theywanttobejustlikeboys,whetheritisapilot,anurse,orageneralmanager.A.whoB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat6.Youshouldcompleteintime______theteacherhastoldyouto.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.after 1.Everyonecouldsee______washappeningand______Georgewasalreadyready.A.what;/B.what;thatC.that;thatD.that;/2.Thatwarmheartedwomanoftenhelps______isintrouble.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever3.______surprisedmemostwas______hewastoolatefortheimportantmeeting,forhewaschairmanofit.A.What;whyB.That;howC.What;howD.That;why4.Aman’sworthliesnotsomuchin_____hehasasin______heis.A.that;whatB.what;whatC.that;thatD.what;that5.Thedifficultywenowmeetwithis______wecanpersuadehimtotellthetruth.A.whyB.thatC.whatD.how6.Youhavebeenwalkingalongway,so_____isagoodrest.A.thatyoureallyneedB.thatyouarereally neededC.whatyoureallyneedD.thatyouarereallyneeding1.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpassthefinalexaminationis______hewasn’tinterestedinstudy.A.thatB.becauseC./D.which2.I’vecometofindsomeone,butI’mnotsure______istheoneIwanttofind.A.whomB.whoeverC.whoD.whomever3.Iremember_______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what40.Aftermonthsofvoyage,Columbusarrivedin____laterprovedanewcontinent.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that41.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how42.Astorygoes____GeorgeW.Bushlikesnothingmorethanstartingwarsagainstpoorcountries.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that 43.---Lookatwhatyouaredoing!---Ah,Iwonder_____thisbootwon’tfitme.I’vebeentryingtoputitonthewrongfoot.A.howB.ifC.whyD.that44.Allfinished,wesatdowntoenjoy____wethoughtthemostdeliciousdinner.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.it45.______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As46.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow_______I’vebeenupsofar,soIdecidedtosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how47.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich48.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,______ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how49.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter______thatI’mtalkingto. A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom50.Thetimeisnotfaraway_______moderncommunicationswillbecomewidespreadinChina’svastcountryside.A.asB.whenC.untilD.before51._______youdecidedtotakeup,youshouldtrytomakeitasuccess.A.IfonlyB.UnlessC.WheneverD.Whatever52.Thenewsthatwearegoingouting_______arushofexcitement.A.setoutB.setoffC.setaboutD.setdown53.In_______,thenorthernersarekeenondumplingswhilethesouthernersarefondofrice.A.commonB.generalC.totalD.particular54.Ourplancertainly_________;itwasagreatidea.A.paidoffB.paidbackC.carriedoutD.paidfor 参考答案:1-5:ACBDC6-10:DCBAC11-15:BDADD16-20:BCBCB21-25:AADAC26-30:DBDCB31-35:BCABD36-40:CACAC41-45:BDCCD46-50:CABBB51-54:DBBA高中英语必修5知识点词汇:Unit1:1.putforward:提出(计划、建议等);将…提前;把钟表拨快e.g.Heputforwardagoodplanforthisproject. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。Thematchhasbeenputforwardto1:30.比赛已经提前到一点半举行。Puttheclockforwardbytenminutes.把钟表拨快十分钟。【词语联想】Øputaway:收起来;贮存,储蓄Øputdown:放下;写下,记下Øputoff:推迟;延期Øputon:穿上;增加;上演(戏剧)e.g.putonweight:增加了体重putonanewplay:上演新戏剧Øputup:张贴;撑开(帐篷)e.g.putupaposter:张贴海报putupatent:搭起帐篷2.conclude:v.作结论,断定e.g.Thejuryconcludedthathewasguilty.陪审团认定他有罪。 conclusion:n.结论【习惯用语】★drawaconclusion作出结论3.defeatvt.打败,击败,战胜;使(希望,计划等)失败,挫败;阻挠,使无效e.g.Hefinallyconcededdefeat.他最终承认了失败。◆区别:defeat,conquer,overcomeØdefeat指“赢得胜利”,尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g.defeattheenemy打败敌人。Øconquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,如:e.g.conquernature征服自然。Øovercome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言,如:e.g.overcomedifficulties克服困难。4.attend:v. 1)tobepresentat;goto(meeting,conference,lecture...)出席;参加e.g.Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.他决定亲自赴会。2)tolookafter,carefor,serve照顾;看护。e.g.Whichdoctorisattendingto(on)you?哪位医生护理你?3)togowith伴随e.g.Theworkwasattendedwithmuchdifficulty.这项工作带来许多困难。5.expose...to...e.g.Don"texposeyourskintothesunfortoolong.不要使你的皮肤暴露在太阳光下太长时间。Theyhadtobeexposedtotheenemy"sgunfire.他们不得不冒着敌人的炮火。6.blamesb.forsth.因为某事责备某人e.g.Heblamedtheboyforhismistake. ★betoblame:应受责备,应负责任Whoistoblameforthemistake?这个错误应归咎于谁?7.inaddition:除此之外,另外,意思相当于besides,what"smoree.g.Ipaid100Yuaninaddition.我又付了100元。InadditiontoEnglish,hehastostudyasecondlanguage.除了英语以外,他还要学习第二外国语。◆区别:inadditionto,except,besides,besideØinadditionto:除…之外,还有…,表示递进关系。e.g.Thecompanyprovidedtheworkerswithfreelunchinadditiontopaidholidays.这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期,还有免费午餐。Øexcept:除…之外,表示在整体中排除,e.g.Everyoneexceptmegotaninvitation.除了我以外,所有人都收到了请柬.Øbesides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,与inaddition to同义,e.g.BesidesMrWang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.王先生也去了。Weallagreedbesideshim.我们都同意,他也同意。Øbeside:在…旁边。表示方位。e.g.Lilysitsbesidemeinclass.莉莉在班上做我旁边。同义句转换1)HespeaksFrenchaswellasEnglish.e.g.HespeaksFrenchinadditionto/besidesEnglish.2)Apartfromthesalary,it’snotabadjob.e.g.Inadditionto/Exceptthesalary,it’snotabadjob.8.announce:公布;宣告e.g.Heannouncedhisdecision.他宣布了他的决定。9.absorbv.1)吸收Aspongeabsorbswater.海绵吸水。 【习惯用语】2)专心于★beabsorbedinsth:专心的,全神贯注的Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。10.challengen.挑战;挑战书;邀请比赛;要求决斗vt.向...挑战,要求,怀疑;vi.挑战,对(证据等)表示异议e.g.meettheseriouschallenge面对严峻挑战Unit2:1.consistof=bemadeupof由……组成(没有进行时)e.g.TheUKconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.=GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandmakeuptheUK. 2.区别:Øseparate...from(把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来)Ødivide...into把…分开(把整体分为若干部分)e.g.Theteacherdividedtheclassintotwogroups.TheTaiwanStraitseparatesTaiwanfromFujian.3.debateaboutsth.e.g.Theydebateabouttheproposalforthreedays.debate/argue/quarrel4.clarify:vt./vi.(causesth.to)becomeclearoreasiertounderstand澄清;阐明;清楚;明了e.g.IhopewhatIsaywillclarifythesituation.Canyouclarifythequestion?5.belinkedto=beconnectedto/bejoinedto连接【习惯用语】 ★linkAtoB将A和B连接起来6.referto1)提及,指的是……e.g.Whenhesaid“somestudents”,doyouthinkhewasreferringtous?2)参考;查阅;询问e.g.Ifyoudon"tunderstandawordyoumayrefertoyourdictionaries.Pleaserefertothelastpageofthebookforanswers.3)关系到;关乎e.g.WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.Thisrulereferstoeveryone.reference:n.参考e.g.referencebooks参考书7.toone"ssurprise(prep)“toone"s+名词”表“令某人……”常见的名词有“delight,disappointment,enjoyment, astonishment等e.g.Idiscovered,tomyhorror,thatthegoodswereentirelyunfitforsale.ToJohn"sgreatrelieftheyreachedthehouseatlast.8....foundthemselvesunitedpeacefully“find+宾语+宾补(adj;adv;v-ing;pp;介词短语;不定式)”e.g.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.You"llfindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theyfoundthemselvestrappedbythebushfire.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinhospital.Icalledonhimyesterday,butIfoundhimout.9.getsthdone=havesthdone使某事被做…….e.g.I"lljustgetthesedisheswashedandthenI"llcome.get+n.+todo get+n.+doingYou"llgethertoagree.I"llgetthecargoing.getdone:用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生,意为“被…….”e.g.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.10.breakaway(fromsb/sth)脱离;破除…e.g.Itisnoteasyforhimtobreakawayfrombadhabits.Themanbrokeawayfromhisguards.breakdown(会谈)破裂,失败;(汽车等)出故障;(人的健康状况)变得恶劣;(情感)失控e.g.Hiscarbrokedownonthewaytoworkthismorning.Hishealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.Hebrokedownandweptwhenheheardthenews.Talksbetweenthetwocountrieshavecompletelybrokendown.Øbreakin闯入;打岔Øbreakoff中断,折断 Øbreakinto闯入Øbreakout爆发;发生Øbreakup驱散;分散,拆散11.aswellas不仅…而且;既…又…e.g.Heisateacheraswellasawriter.Thechildrenaswellastheirfatherwereseenplayingfootballinthestreet.12.convenience:n.方便;便利e.g.Weboughtthishouseforitsconvenience.convenient:adj.13.attraction:1).吸引;引力(不可数n.)2).吸引人的东西;喜闻乐见的东西;精彩节目(可数n.)e.g.attractionofgravitation重力Hecan"tresisttheattractionoftheseaonahotday. Abigcityoffersmanyandvariedattractions.Whataretheprincipleattractionsthisevening?attract:v.14.influence1)v.对…产生影响e.g.Whatinfluenceyoutochooseacareerinteaching?2)可数n.产生影响的人或事e.g.Heisoneofthegoodinfluencesintheschool.3)(不可数n.)影响e.g.Ateacherhasgreatinfluenceoverhispupils.Unit3:1.impressionn.印记;印象;感想;后接ofsb./ofsth./onsb./that从句;e.g.Myfirstimpressionofhimwasfavourable.他给我的第一印象不错。 Igottheimpressionthattheywereunhappyaboutthesituation.我觉得他们不满于当时的状况。知识拓展:impressv.给……留下深刻的印象;使铭记;使感动;常用结构有:impresssth.on/uponsb./impresssb.withsth.给……留下深刻的印象;使铭记;Itimpressedmethatsherememberedmyname.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。2.remindv.提醒;使想起;常用结构有:remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事;remindsb.+(that)/wh-从句提醒某人……;使某人想起……;remindsb.about/ofsth.使某人想起或意识到……;提醒某人某事e.g.I"msorry,butI"veforgottenyourname,canyouremindme?很抱歉,我记不起你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗?Youremindmeofyourfatherwhenyousaythat.你说这样的话使我想起了你的父亲。知识拓展:remindern.提醒物;引起回忆的事物3.constantlyadv.始终;一直;重复不断地e.g.Fashionisconstantlychanging.时尚总是日新月异。 知识拓展:constantadj.连续发生的;不断的;重复的;4.previousadj.先前的;以往的;(时间上)稍前的e.g.Nopreviousexperienceisnecessaryforthisjob.这一工作无需相关的经验。Icouldn"tbelieveitwhenIheardthenews.Ihadonlyseenhimthepreviousday.听到这个消息时,我不敢相信;我就在前一天还见到过他。知识拓展:previouslyadv.先前的;早先e.g.Thebuildinghadpreviouslybeenusedasahotel.这座楼房早先曾用作旅馆。5.bendv.(bentbent)弯曲;使弯曲;弯腰;弯身;常用搭配有:bendone"smind/effortstosth.致力于某事;bendsb.tosth.迫使;说服bendthetruth歪曲事实e.g.It"shardtobendanironbar.把铁棒弄弯很不容易。Shebentherheadandkissedherdaughter.她低下头吻了她的女儿。 6.pressv.压;按;推;挤;坚持;敦促n.报章杂志,新闻工作者,新闻界e.g.Shepressedahandkerchieftohisnose.她用手绢捂住鼻子。Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedal.她用力踩下油门踏板。Heisstillpressingherclaimforcompensation.他仍坚持索赔。Thepresswas/werenotallowedtoattendthetrial.庭审谢绝新闻采访。7.switchn.&v.用作名词表示“开关;转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。e.g.Shemadetheswitchfromfull-timetopart-timeworkwhenherfirstchildwasborn.第一个孩子出生后,她就由全日工作改为非全日工作。Pressthesetwokeystoswitchbetweendocumentsonscreen.按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文件之间进行切换。Ican"tworknextweek,willyouswitchwithme?下个周末我不能上班,咱俩换个班好不好? 8.lackn.&v.用作名词,表示:“缺乏;短缺”;用作动词,表示:“缺乏;短缺;没有;不足”。e.g.alackoffood/money/skills缺乏食物/金钱/技能Thetripwascancelledthroughlackofinterest.因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。Helacksconfidence.他缺乏信心。知识拓展:lackingadj.缺乏;没有;匮乏;不足9.surroundingsn.[pl.]环境;surroundv.围绕;环绕surroundingadj.周围的;附近的e.g.Everyonelikestoworkinpleasantsurroundings.人人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。启发学生思考问题,哪些单词用作名词时常用复数形式?10.catch/gain/getsightof发现,看出Ølosesightof看不见,忘记Øloseone"ssight失明Øatfirstsight一见就;乍看起来Atfirstsight,the problemseemseasy.Øat(the)sightof一看见就……Atthesightoftheteacher,theboyranaway.Øbeinsight看得见,在眼前Theislandisstillinsight.Øoutofsight看不见Outofsight,outofmind.11.takeuptofilloruseanamountofspaceortime占用(时间);占据(空间)tolearntoorstarttodosth开始做(某项工作);开始从事toacceptsth.thatisofferedoravailable接受(建议或能得到的东西)e.g.Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.这张桌子太占地儿。Theyhavetakenupgolf.他们学起打高尔夫球来了。Shetookuphisofferofadrink.他请她喝一杯,她接受了。Hetakesuphisdutiesnextweek.他下周就要开始履行职责。 12.sweepup打扫;清扫;横扫;涌向;快速地抱起e.g.Hesweptupthebabyupintohisarms.他一把将孩子抱进怀里。Unit4:1.concentratevi.聚精会神,集中思想,多与on和upon或连用Concentrateonyourwork.集中精神工作。e.g.Adrivershouldconcentrateontheroadwhendriving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。Industrialdevelopmentisbeingconcentratedinthewestofthecountry.这个国家的西部正集中发展工业。2.acquirevt.获得,学到,取得,拥有acquired,acquiringe.g.SheacquiredaknowledgeoftheEnglishbycarefulstudy.她认真学习而精通英语。 Somesmokingandalcoholicdrinksareanacquiredtasteandarenotinborn.抽烟喝酒往往是一种后来习得的嗜好,并不是生来就有的。3.accusesb.ofdoingsth.指责,指控accused,accusinge.g.Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.警方指控他谋杀。Sheaccusedhimlying.她指责他说谎.Hewaswronglyaccusedofstealing.他误遭控告犯偷盗罪.4.beofinterest/importance,value,use,help,...=interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful...e.g.Thisisamatterofgreatimportance.这是一件非常重要的事。Thebookisofgreatvaluetome.这本书对我来说有很大价值。Thereisnothinginteresting/ofinterestintoday"snewspaper.今天报纸上没有什么新鲜事。 5.journalistn.新闻记者;新闻工作者e.g.Heisaprofessionaljournalist.他是一位专门的新闻从业人员6.delighteda.高兴的,快乐的e.g.Iamreallydelighted.我真的很高兴。【词语联想】delightn.高兴,愉快;vt.使高兴,乐于;vi.感到高兴(或愉快、快乐)e.g.Singingisherchiefdelight.唱歌是她的主要爱好。【习惯用语】Øtakedelightin喜爱,以...为乐Øfinddelightin喜爱,以...为乐Øhavedelightin喜爱,以...为乐Øtosb."sdelight令人高兴的是...7.assistn.帮助,协助;vt.帮助,促进;vi.协助,参加 【习惯用语】Øassistsb.withsth.帮助某人[做某事]Øassistsb.todosth.帮助某人[做某事]Øassistsb.indoingsth.帮助某人[做某事]◆区别:help,aid,assist都含"帮助"、"援助"的意思。Øhelp系常用词,意义较aid,assist强,指"以积极态度给予各方面的帮助",强调"受助者得到帮助或好处",并着重"受助者对帮助的需要"e.g.Pleasehelpmearrangethesepapers.请帮我整理这些文件。Øaid属较正式用语,强调"帮助受助者脱离困难或危险",有时意味着"强者援助弱者"e.g.Theyaidedfloodvictims.他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。Øassist是正式用语,多指"在提供帮助时,帮助者起次要或起协助作用"e.g.Sheassistedhiminhisexperiments.她协助他做实验。 8.casen.情况,事实e.g.Isthatthecase?是这么回事吗?【习惯用语】Øahardcase无可救药或顽固不化的人;难对付的人、处境困难或可怜的人、难办的事;难治之症、古里古怪冒冒失失的家伙Øasisoftenthecase这是常有的事Øinanycase无论如何,总之Øincaseof万一...,如果发生...Øinnocase决不ØinthatcaseØinthiscase假如这样的话ØItisnotthecase…情况不是这样;并非事实。ØThisisnotthecase…情况不是这样;并非事实。ØThatisnotthecase…情况不是这样;并非事实。Øjustincase以防(万一) Unit5:1.firstaid的意思是“急救”,例如:firstaidtotheinjured给予伤员的急救。短语联想give/offeraid援助cometosb"said帮助某人teachingaids教具medicalaid医疗救护withtheaidof借助于getinjured受伤,在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get+及物动词不达意的过去分词”构成的被动语态,这叫get-型被动语态。又如:Thecomputergot(was)damagedwhenweweremoving.我们搬家的时候,电脑碰坏了。Mybikeisgetting(isbeing)repairedrow.我的自行车正在修理。 2.Protect动词,“保护、维护”,用于句式“protect+名词+against/from+名词”。例如:e.g.Heiswearingsunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.他带着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。【短语联想】ØKeep...from...不让/避免Østop...(from)...阻止Øprevent...(from)...妨碍/防止Ødisable...from...使……失去(能力/资格)Øsave...from...挽救、拯救3.dependon取决于。例如:e.g.Theamountyoupaydependsonwhereyoulive.你付多少取决于你住哪里。词义拓展dependon依靠,依赖:Hisfamilydependsonhim.他的一家人全靠他养活。依赖,信任:WearedependingonyoutofinishthejobbyFriday.我们相信你在星期五前能完成这项工作。 4.squeeze动词,意思是“榨取”、“挤出”,例如:squeezeanorange榨橘子常用句式squeeze+名词+out(of/from)+名词,例如:e.g.Thoseblackmailersintendedtosqueezemoremoneyoutofhim.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多的钱。overandoveragain再三地。例如:I’vetoldyouoverandoveragainnottodothat.我再三告诫你不要那样做。5.hurt既可作及物动词,作“伤害”、“使受伤”解,也可作不及物动词,作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表达身体的受伤,也可以表达情感的伤害。例如:e.g.Thelittleboyhasfallenoffaladderandhurthimself.小男孩从梯子上摔了下来受了伤。Thedriverhurthimselfintheaccident. 司机在事故中受了伤。6.unless除非……;如果不……。如:7.icyadj.冰凉的-y是个形容词后缀。如:windy有风的hilly多小山的sleepy困倦的greeny略呈绿色spicy辛辣的woody树木茂密的thirsty饥渴的dirty脏的snowy下雪的8.inplace放在适当的地方。如:e.g.Thelibrarianputthereturnedbooksinplace.图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。Yon"dbetterputthingsbackinplace.Otherwise,itwillbedifficulttofindthings.你最好把你的东西各就各位,不然很难找。 9.sensen.感觉Øsenseoftouch触觉senseofsight视觉Øsenseofhearing听觉senseofsmell嗅觉Øsenseofhumour幽默感senseofbeauty美感Øsenseofhunger饥饿感thesixthsense第六感10.varietyn.多样,种类,【习惯用语】★avarietyof…各种各样……【词语联想】variousa.不同的,各种的,多方面的,许多的e.g.Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyforvariousreasons.由于种种原因,每个人赴会都迟到了。 语法:一、过去分词过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征,可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。1.作定语作定语的过去分词如果是单词,一般放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语,一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如:Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.Thisisabookwrittenbyaworker.2.作表语过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。Iwaspleasedatthenews.Thedoorremainedlocked. 过去分词作表语,相当于形容词,常见的有:delighted,disappointed,astonished,interested,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried,excited,married等。过去分词作表语时,应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动结构强调谓语动作。Thesmallvillageissurroundedbytrees.(状态)Thesmallvillagewassoonsurroundedbyenemysoldiers.(动作)I"minterestedinchess.(状态)3.过去分词做状语①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。AcceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。 ②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。Exhausted,thechildrenfellasleepatonce.由于太累了,孩子们马上就睡着了。Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争。③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。Heated,waterchangesintosteam.如果加热的话,水会变成水蒸气。Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。④表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。⑤表伴随,说明动作发生的背景或情况。Surroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheclassroom. 被学生包围着,那位老教师走进了教室。Thetrainerappeared,followedbyfivelittledogs.教练出现了,身后跟着五条狗。倒装句:一、here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。Theregoesthebell.铃声响了。Thencamethechairman.主席来了。Hereisyourletter.你的信。二、否定词置于句首,句子应进行倒装。·nor,neither放句首Todcan"tswim,neithercanI.托德不会游泳,我也不会。·用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,often,atnotime,notonly,notonce,manyatime等词开头的句子。 NevershallIgothereagain.我再也不去那了。Littledidheknowwhothewomanwas.他基本上不知道那女人是谁。Seldomwashelateforclass.他很少上学迟到。·用于nosooner...than...,hardly...when...和notuntil...的句型中HardlyhadIreachedthestationwhenthetrainleft.我刚到车站,火车就离开了。Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanthephonerang.她刚离开,电话就响了。Notuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishhishomework.直到老师来,他才完成作业。三、用于only放句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子。OnlyinthiswaycanyoumasterEnglishwell.只有这种方法,你才能学好英语。Onlythattimedidhedohishomework.直到哪个时间,他才做作业。 OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroubleIwasin.直到他告诉我,我才意识到我有了什么样的麻烦。省略句:一、省略的目的省略多见于非正式文体,尤其在对话中,省略是一种普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的:1.避免重复,减少累赘省略的主要目的是避免重复,去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn"tcometoschooltoseemethenextday.Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn"t.迈克说他第二天要来学校看我,但是他并没有来。(省掉最后九个词,句子简洁了许多)2.连接紧密,结构紧凑 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。Johnwasthewinnerin1994andBobin1998.约翰是1994年的获胜者,鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。(Bob后省略了wasthewinner,句子结构显得比较紧凑)3.强调重点,突出信息省略的另一作用是突出新的信息Truthspeakstoolow,hypocrisytooloud.真理讲话声太低,虚伪讲话声太高。(后一分句省略谓语speaks,突出了tooloud)二、句子成分的省略为了避免重复,或者为了使某一内容引人注目,可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。1.省略主语Begyourpardon.请你原谅。(=Ibegyourpardon.))Servesyouright.你活该(=Itservesyouright.) 2.省略谓语Anythingthematter?要紧吗?(=Isanythingthematter?)Theriverwasdeepandtheicethin.河很深,冰很薄。(=Theriverwasdeepandtheicewasthin.)3.省略表语Areyouready?Yes,Iam.你准备好了吗?我准备好了。(am后面省略了表语ready)4.省略宾语Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我们必须分析问题并解决问题。(analyze后省略了宾语problems)Let"sdothedishes.I"llwashandyou"lldry.我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。 (wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes)5.省略定语Hespentpartofthemoney,andtheresthesaved.他花了一部分钱,其余的都存了起来。(therest后面省略了定语ofthemoney)6.省略状语(Even)Thewisestmancannotknoweverything.即使最聪明的人也不可能无所不知。省略在句子中的应用在一个句子中,省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到,但后者可能找不到。1.简单句中的省略依赖上下文的省略在对话中最为常用。Likemorebeer? 再要点啤酒吗?(=Wouldyoulikemorebeer?)—WorldyoumindifIusedyourtelephone?用一下你的电话,你介意吗?—Notatall.一点也不。(=Idonotmindatall.)—Willhepassthisexamination?他这次考试会通过吗?—Probably.大概会的。(=Hewillprobablypasstheexamination.)不依赖于上下文的省略。Allaboard!请上船。(=Allgoaboard.省略谓语)Haven"tseenyouforages!好久不见了!(省略主语I)Whatabouthavingagameofchess?下盘棋怎么样?Soundslikeagoodidea. 听上去是个好主意。2.并列句中的省略(=Itsoundslikeagoodidea.省略主语)Everybodyappearswellprepared.看起来大家都准备好了。(=Everybadyappearstobewellprepared.省略不定式tobe)并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分,常常可以省略掉,以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、宾语或其他万分,或句子万分的一部分。省略出现在后一分句Johnlikescollectingstampsbut(John)hateslisteningtomusic.约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。(省略主语)省略出现在前一分句Wecan(wintomorrow"smatch),andcertainlywill,wintomorrow"smatch. 我们能够,而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。(前一分句省略谓语+宾语)前后两个分句都出现省略Theycan(paythefullfee)and(they)shouldpaythefullfee.复合句中的省略在主从复合句中,活力的现象是很普遍的。省略主句的句首部分。(I"m)SorryIcouldn"tgo.很抱歉,我不能去。省略整个主句或主句的一部分(回答问题时常用)。(Itisa)Pityhe"sfailed.很遗憾,他失败了。Ifhesayshe"llcome,hewill(come).3.在一些状语从句中,如果谓语动词是be,主语又和主句的主语一致,或者主语是it,常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。以when,while,once,until等连词引导的时间状语从句。 When(youare)inRomedoasRomedoes.入国问禁,入乡随俗。4.在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。省略谓语的全部JamesenjoysthetheeartremorethanSusun.詹姆斯比苏姗更喜欢戏剧。TomhasasmanybooksasJack.汤姆有跟杰克一样多的书。省略主语和谓语的一部分BrownspeaksFrenchasfluentlyasEnglish.布朗说法语和英语一样流利。(as后省略了hespeaks)省略表语部分MrsWhiteisnotsoyoungasshelooks.怀特夫人没有看上去那样年轻。(looks后省略了young)省略主语和谓语的大部分,保留状语Heisworkingharderthanbefore.他现在工作比过去努力多了。(than后省略了heworked hard)省略主语Hedrankalittlemorethanwasgoodforhim.他喝酒稍有一点过量。(than后省略了it)省略宾语YouspentmoremoneythanIhadexpected.你花掉的钱比我预料的多。(expected后省略了thatyoushouldspend)省略从句的全部Youaregettingslimmer.你越来越苗条了。(simmer后省略了thanyouwerebefore)主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。Thesooner(thisisdone),thebetter(itwillbe).高中英语必修5短语、重点句子Unit1GreatscientistsI.Phrases1.putforward提出2.drawaconclusion得出结论3.be/getundercontrol在……控制下be/getoutofcontrol失去控制,不能操纵 4.beabsorbedin专心5.betoblame应该受责备(用主动形式表示被动)blamesb.forsth.因某事责备某人6.inaddition也,另外,此外7.link...to...将…和…连接或联系起来8.dieof因…而死亡(内因)diefrom因…而死亡(外因)9.leadto导致,通向10.makesense有意义,说得通11.apartfrom除…之外,此外12.contributeto为…作贡献或捐款,导致,有助于13.beenthusiasticabout对…热情14.becuriousabout对…好奇15.curesb.ofillness治好某人…病16.pointofview态度,观点,看法17.(be)strictwithsb.对某人要求严格II.Sentences1.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon–sofamous,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies.约翰•斯诺曾经是伦敦一位著名的医生――他的确太负盛名了,所以维多利亚女皇生孩子时都是他去照料,帮助她顺利分娩。2.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但当他一想到要帮助患病的普通老百姓,特别是那些得了霍乱的患者时,他就感到很振奋。3.Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood. 人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。4.Heknewitwouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.他知道,在找到病源之前,疫情是无法控制的。5.Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.霍乱之所以能致人于死,当时有两种看法,斯诺对这两种推测都很感兴趣。6.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。7.Hebelievedinthesecondtheorybutneededtoprovehewascorrect.他相信第二种说法,但是需要证明他是正确的。8.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看来要归罪于饮用水了。9.ImmediatelyJohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthewaterpumpsoitcouldnotbeused.约翰•斯诺马上叫宽街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手,这样水泵就用不成了。10.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其它行星的运动才能说得清楚。11.Butonlyhisnewtheorycoulddothat.看是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。 12.YetCopernicus’theoryisnowthebaseonwhichallourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙赖以建立的基础。Unit2TheUnitedKingdomI.Phrases1.consistof由……组成2.divide…into…把……分成3.atwar(with…)(与……)交战中4.breakaway(from…)挣托(束缚);脱离5.educational/legalsystem教育/立法制度6.haveagood/badinfluenceon…对……有好/坏影响7.taketheplaceof代替8.breakdown(机器)破坏,损坏;(人)身体出毛病;(计划等)受挫,失败9.makeanerror出错10.leaveout省去;遗漏;不考虑11.puzzleover/about为…烦恼,困扰12.debatesth.withsb.与某人讨论、争辩13.atyourconvenience在你方便的时候14.in/withrelationto(介)关于……;和……相关15.underconstruction在建设中II.Sentences:1.Thereisnoneedtodebateanymorewhydifferentwordsareusedtodescribethefourcountries.对于用来描述这四个国家的词语,现在已经没有争辩的必要了。 2.Totheirsurprise,thethreecountriesfoundthemselvesunitedpeacefullyinsteadofbywar.这三个国家惊奇地发现他们是和平地而没有通过战争联合起来了。3.YoumustkeepyoureyesopenifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomworthwhile.如果你想要使你的英国之旅不虚此行,你就必须把眼睛睁得大大的。4.Worriedaboutthetimeavailable,ZhangPingyuhadmadealistofthesitesshewantedtoseeinLondon.由于担心时间不够,张萍玉早就把她想在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。5.Itlookedsplendidwhenfirstbuilt.刚建成的时候,它看起来真是金碧辉煌。6.Whatinterestedhermostwasthelongitudeline.她最感兴趣的是那条经线。7.Comeandseemewheneveritisconvenienttoyou.只要你方便,随时都可以来。Unit3LifeintheFutureI.Phrases1.makeadeep/strongimpressiononsb.给某人留下深刻印象impresssb.withsth.=impresssth.onsb.使人记住某事2.takeup拿起/占用/接受/开始/从事/继续/选修speedup加速sweepup打扫/横扫/掠过useup用光comeup过来 eatup吃光situp熬夜/坐正turnup出现/开大(音/水量)3.remindsb.ofsth.使某人回想起某事/提醒某人某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人去做某事remindsb.that…提醒某人……4.asaresult(of…)结果5.sufferfrom遭受6.besimilarto和…相似7.keepdoingsth.一直做某事8.thesixofus我们六人(共六人)9.by/for/through+(the/a)lackof…由于……的缺乏belackingin缺乏(品质/特点)lackfor…缺乏……10.innotime很快,立刻11.onone’sfeet(从病痛或挫折中)复原12.inalldirections四面八方13.Sb.lose/catchsightof….看不见/看见Sb./Sth.bein/outofsight看得见/看不见atfirstsight第一眼atthesightof…一看见……就……14.providedAwithB向A提供B15.plentyof+[u]/[c]许多16.bepreviousto…早于……17.compareAwithBcompareAtoB把A与B作比较,把A比喻作B18.forhealthreasons出于健康原因19.bendtherules变通,放宽20.onearth究竟,到底21.beunderrepair在维修中22.searchfor…寻找23.assistsb.in/withsth.=assistsb.indoingsth.=assistsb.todosth.帮忙,协助某人去做某事24.gosoft变软25.speakinwhisper低声地说 26.beoptimisticabout…对……乐观27.switchon/offthepower开/关电源28.explaintosb.sth.=explainsth.tosb.向某人解释某事29.giveoff发出(光/热等)30.get/becaughtin…被困在……中31.requiresb.todosth.=requirethatsb.(should)dosth.要求某人做某事Sth.requiredoing/tobedone某物需要被32.besupposedtodo应该33.beequippedwith…装备有……34.beessentialfor/to…对……是必要的II.Sentences:1.Thinkabouthowmanychangestherehavebeeninthelastonethousandyears.想想近一千年来有多少变化。2.Whatproblemsdoyouthinkpeopleinthefuturewillhaveovercome?你认为,未来的人将已克服了什么问题?3.Theairseemedthinasthoughitscombinationofgaseshadlittleoxygenleft.空气似乎很稀薄,好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。4.Whynotsitdownandrest?=Whydon’tyousitdownandrest?为什么不坐下休息呢? 5.WhatthreevisitswouldyouasktogoonifyouwereLiQiang?如果你是李强,你想去哪三个地方看看?6.Neitherofthesecreaturesiseasytotalkto.这两种生物都不容易与之交谈。7.Thedimpodshavesomanyarmsandlegsthatyoucan’ttellwhichiswhich.“丁波兹”有这么多的臂和腿,以致你无法区分哪些是手臂哪些是腿。8.Everyonewillgettwiceasmuchpersonalspaceasinflatsonland.每个人都将得到陆上公寓两倍的个人空间。Unit4MakingtheNewsI.Phrases1.becuriousabout对……感到好奇2.betodo必将/将要/应该3.gooutonastory外出采访4.onone’sown独自,*自己ofone’sown自己的……5.concentrateon集中精力于……6.beofinterest=beinteresting有趣的7.bring…with…随身携带8.haveanosefor…对……非常敏感9.dependon依赖10.atrickofthetrade职业诀窍11.accusesb.ofsth.=chargesb.withsth.指控某人做某事12.soastodosth.(句中)为了……13.besupposedtohavedone理应当/被认为做过某事14.lookforwardto(doing)sth.盼望做某事15.beeagertodosth./forsth.渴望做……/…… 16.getthewrongendofthestick完全搞错了17.tellthewholetruth说出全部真相18.aheadof在……前头19.set(out)todo/setaboutdoing着手做某事20.pass…onto…把……传递给……21.makeanappointmentwithsb.与某人约会,预约22.polishthestyle润色语言风格23.be/getabsorbedin专心于,集中精力于24.inturn依次,逐个地25.defend…against…为某人辩护26.notedown记下27.coversth./interviewsb.报道某事/采访某人28.dosomeresearchon…对……做调查29.workon从事30.lastofall最后31.onpurpose/byaccident故意地/偶然,意外地32.arrangeaninterview(withsb.)安排采访33.stickto坚持34.AratherthanBA而不是B35.accountfor解释36.throughsb.’sanalysis通过某人的分析II.Sentences:1.(倒装)NeverwillZYforgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofChinaDaily.周阳永不会忘记他在《中国日报》报社当记者的首次任务。2.(倒装)Onlywhenyouhaveseenwhatheorshedoes,canyou coverastorybyyourself.3.(There’s)Noneedforacamera!没必要带相机。4.(倒装)NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,butItookacourseatuniversity,soit’sactuallyofspecialinteresttome.对摄影我不仅感兴趣,在大学我还专修过摄影,因此,我的确对摄影特别感兴趣。5.Thisishowthestorygoes.事情是这样的。6.Haveyoueverhadacasewheresomebodyaccusedyourreportersofgettingthewrongendofthestick?你是否有这样的情况:有人控告你手下的记者的报道完全失实?Unit5FirstaidI.Phrases1.give/offer/dofirstaidtosbperform/carryoutfirstaidonsb.对某人实施急救2.fallill生病3.getinjured/infected/burned受伤/感染/烧伤4.saveone’slife挽救某人的生命5.senseoftouch触觉6.electricshock触电;电休克7.takeoff脱下;(飞机)起飞8.squeezeout榨出;挤出9.overandoveragain反复;多次10.inplace在适当的位置;适当11.putone’shandson找到12.presentsb.withsth.presentsth.tosb.赠予/给予某人某物13.apieceofjewellery一件珠宝14.cause/dodamageto….使……受到危害/损害15.anumberof+n.(pl.)若干;许多 16.sticksth.to…贴在…….上17.makeadifference区别 II.Sentences:1.Burnsarecalledfirstdegree,seconddegreeorthirddegreeburnsdependingonwhichlayersoftheskinsareburnt.根据皮肤烧伤的层次而有一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。2.Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.约翰正在房里学习,突然听到一声尖叫。3.Shewaslyinginherfrontgardenbleedingveryheavily她躺在前花园的地上,流血不止。4.ThereisnodoubtthatJon’squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMsSlade’slife.毫无疑问,是敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术,使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了。5.Itshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。6.Ifburnsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,ifpossible.如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部,可能的话,就要把他们抬高到高于心脏的位置。 Sentencepatternandphrases1.Itisgenerally/widelybelieved/agreed/heldthat…人们认为……2.sbbeexposedto…(variesideas)接触思想Comeintofrequent/closecontactwiththeworld/society接触社会3.adapt/adjust/accommodateoneselftotheenvironment/change适应新的形式、变化4.①makean/everyefforttodo~atremendous…~apersistent…坚持努力做主(pl.)makejointeffortstodo共同努力做②endeavortodo竭尽所能做Strivetodo5.anincreasing/Agrowingnumberofbooks……amountofmoney越来越Increasinglybeautiful6.Iholdthefirmbeliefthat…我坚信Iamconvincedthat…Iaminthefullconvictionthat…Iamconfidentthat… 7.Developone’sability,potentialtothefull充分发挥潜力Givefullplaytoone’sability,potentialTapone’spotential挖掘潜力8.beobsessedwithBepreoccupiedwithIndulgeinBeaddictedto迷恋9.Goalongwaytowardssth./doing有助于Gofartowardssth./doingContributemuchtothepopularityof/thegrowthof……abetterunderstanding10.MakegooduseofTakeadvantageofHarness/exploitthesolarenergyDrawon利用11.HaveaburningdesireforHaveagreatpassionforBefondof/bekeenon对…充满激情、渴望12.broadenone’shorizons拓展视野,开阔眼界Enrichone’sknowledge丰富知识Expandone’sscopeofknowledge13.Asthemodernpaceoflifeisquickeningup,sth.Be calledintoexistencebythedemandforsth.Withthequickeningpaceoflife,……随着现代生活节奏的加快,……应运而生生活方式lifestyle,wayoflife生活质量qualityoflife生活水平standardoflife,livingstandard14.(De)acceleratethedevelopmentofsth.Enhance/promote/facilitate/boost促进(减缓)发展15.forthesakeof由于…的缘故,为了…Eg.Hequithisteachingjob,andwentintobusinessforthesakeofgettinginmoremoney.(forGod’ssake看在上帝的份上)16.sb.beundertheillusionthat……是不切实际的(对对方观点表示不同意)Eg.Heisundertheillusionthatcountrylifeissuperiortocitylife.17.abringbackmemoriesofbA使…想起了BEgSeeingtheplacebroughtbackmemoriesoftheeventsthathappenedlongago.18.compensatefor补偿Eg.Nothingcancompensatefortheloseofone’shealth.19.aholdsuperiorityoverbA比B更优越 Eg.Hepossessedanintellectualsuperiorityoverothers.ExcelinEg.Hedidnotquitefitanyconventionalmould,sohechosetoexcelinintellectualpursuits.20.AisasourceofB(complaints,satisfaction)Giveriseto,leadto,resultin,contributeto,bringabout引起,导致Eg.Theproblemofpollutionhasbeenasourceofpubliccomplaints.Achild’sachievementisasourceofparent’ssatisfaction.21.Givefirst,topprioritytoAoverB相对B而言给A优先权Eg.Theyinsistthattherighttoliveshouldtakepriorityoverallotherconsiderations.22.Alleviate/relieveone’smental/financial/academicpressure/stress减轻压力23.derive获得…Eg.Shederivesgreatsatisfactionfromhercoincollection.Wemayderivepleasurefromreading.24.attachmuchimportance/significanceto…Muchimportance/significanceshouldbeattachedto… 高度重视25.SeizetheopportunityEnjoy/gainaccesstoanopportunity/informationHaveeasy/immediateaccessto=canget抓住机会,得到机会26.Bebuiltontremendousamountofstudy/practice建立在大量的学习上27.bevulnerableto易受攻击的Eg.Thestudents’bodiesareincreasinglyweakandvulnerabletodiseasebecauseofinactivity.Hehasprovedhimselfvulnerabletobribery.28.marvelat惊讶于Eg.Thevisitorsmarvelatthecity’sgreatchanges.29.keepsb.Informedof/aboutsth.使某人了解Eg.Televisionkeepsonebetterinformedofthecurrentevents.Thejournalaidkeeponeinformedoffreshdevelopmentinthefield.30.sb.bekeptinignoranceofsth.某人被蒙在鼓里Thefacethat…Sb.bekeptignoranceofsth.Thefacethat… 31.somuchsothat以至于…(引导出结果)Eg.Heisillsomuchsomuchhecan’tgetoutofbed..32.sbbeundertheimpressionthat…似乎,好像记得33.cancelout抵消掉Eg.Theerrorcancelledoutthegoodimpressionhehadmadepreviously.34.layasolidfoundationfor为…打下一个坚实基础35.beengagedinsth./doingsth.Beoccupiedwithsth./indoingsth,忙于做…36.concentrate/focus(oneself)on集中精力于37.devote/dedicateoneselfto…投入,致力于38.belost/deep/immersed/absorbedin沉浸于39.Imposesth.Onsb.把…强加于Eg.Hetriedtoimposeonmehisownideaaboutthefilm.40.pose/assume/constituteathreatonsth.对…构成威胁Putsth./sb.injeopardy/atrisk/indanger使…处于危险之中41.Itpaystodosth.Itisworthwhiletodo/doing值得做Eg.Itpaystogetagoodeducation.42.sbfallvictimtosth.沦为受害者43.sbdosthtoapointwhere…到了一个地步,程度 Eg.Theyhavebecomeandispensablepartoftheurbanlifetoapointwherethecitycannotoperatewithoutthem.44.aleaveagoodimpressionon/uponb给…留下深刻印象45.Frequently,constantly,onmany/numerous/countlessoccasions经常46.非常lVerylAmostbeautifulgirllMorethatalExtremelyl否+比=最lNottooae.g.youarenevertoooldtolearnYouarenevertoocarefultodrive.47.正在被Beunderconstruction/attack/repair/treatment/discussion/consideration/suspicion/control表被动Beunderarrest/theguidanceof/leadershipof48.走红,流行 Sb./sth.Enjoygreatpopularity49.使…负担过重StrainEg.Theexpenseoffullcontrolofendangeredanimalsstrainsthefinanceofthecountry.50.消耗AisaheavydrainonBEg.Themilitaryspendingisaheavydrainonthiscountry.Ifindmycaragreatdrainonmypurse51.开展运动Conduct/undertake/implement/initiate…begin/wageavigorous/nation-wide/worldwide/publicitycampaignfor/againstEg.Wageapricewar打价格战52.激起,引起Arouseone’sinterestin/curiosityabout/concernover,for/expectationof53.增加Addtotheattraction/comfort/interest/pleasure/thepowerEg.Bytakingatenorfifteenminutevacationintorealmofimaginationeachday,youmayaddmuchtotheexcitementsandenjoymentofyourlife. 54.使…意识到Awakensb.Totheimportance/menace/threat/needofsth.Eg.Theexperienceacquiredandthelessonlearnedinthislinecanawakenusstudentstothenecessityofhandingproblemsonahumanbasis.55.超出Bebeyond(thereachof)one’scontrol/understanding/ability(ofsth.)Eg.Demandsforsocialserviceswhichgobeyondtheability(ofsth.)toprovidehavecreatedproblemswhichmadelivinginthecitieslessattractive.56.提高效率Boosttheefficiency/productivity/developmentof57.滋生Breedcrimes/instability/hostility/dependencyEg.Thispolicywastesthetalentsofthepeopleerodesgovernmentaleffectiveness,andtherebybreedssocialinstability.58.改变某人的生活进程Changethecourseoflife59.很有可能,从某种意义,往往Inaway/sense TendtodoBeapttodoBeliabletodoBepronetodoSeem/appeartodoMay/mighttodoSomeBemorelikelytodoItislikely(50-60%)/possible(20-30%)/probable(80-90%)that…Thereismuchlikelihood/possibility/probabilitythat…AlittleChancesarethat…60.对…有深入理解Haveabetterunderstandingofsth.AppreciationSth.Providesb.Withaninsightintosth.Sb.Gainaninsightintosth.61.培养对…的信心,兴趣爱好Develop/foster/cultivateone’sinterestinConfidencein62.与…相反 Contrarytothe(wide/common/general)belief/thought/assumption(that…)…Eg.Contrarytopopularbelief,constant,andconsciouseffortatsolvingaproblemis,inreality,oneofthemostinefficientwaysofcopyingwithit.63.勇敢,自信Displaycourage/confidenceEg.Asasoldier,hedisplayedcourageandtacticalskill,butwasdeniedachancetomakeabid,forstrategicgreatness.64.削弱Erodeability/reputation/popularityofEg.RisingconsumerpriceinflationinHongKongmayalsoerodeHK’sabilitytocompeteagainst/withothernewly-industrializedeconomies.65.解闷Escape/bereleasedfromboredom/pressure66.忘了Sth.escapeone’smemoryEg.Theywouldbeescapedfromthepressureofensuringeconomicsurvival.67.最终End(up)indissatisfaction/failure 68.赢得Earn/cost/winrespect/admiration/friendship/affectionEg,itwasgoodtoknowthathehadearnedtherespectandfriendshipofhisneighbors69.逃学Skipschool/aclass/ameeting/alecturePlaytruant.70.…丰富Berichinknowledge/experience71.确立一个更高的目标Setahighergoal/standardPursueagoal追求72.克服困难OvercomethedifficultySurmounttheobstacle/barrier(to)Remove73.面临困难,危险Befacedwith,bemetwith,beconfrontedwith(When)confrontedwithdifficulty/danger,sb(should)dosth74.迎接挑战Faceupto/meetthechallenge 75.随着时光的流逝AstimegoesbyPassesbyElapse飞逝flashby慢crawlby76.使生气IrritateAnnoyOffendsb.Takeoffensesb.Beinabadtemper/moodlosecontrolofoneselfflyintoarage勃然大怒hittheceiling(天花板)flyoffthehandle77.依赖依靠指望DependonRelyonsb./sth.TodoCountonLookto78.失望 Letsb,downFallshortofone’sexpectations(反:live/comeupto)79.达到要求Meet/satisfyone’sdemands/needsCaterto80.被迫Bedriven/compelled/obligedtodo81.有趣的吸引人的Attractive/sth.appeartosb/appealing(可怜巴巴的)/fascinating人charming82.受欢迎,被接受,被任用Sth.finda/an(immediate)acceptance/popularity/applicationinsth.Amongsb.(pl.)Eg.BothofthewaysfoundtheirgreatestpopularityandacceptanceintheUnitedStates.83.造成,激起Trigger/fuel/stirthegrowing/increasingcriticismof/discontentof/anxietyaboutsth. Eg.Slowgrowthandrisingunemploymentarefuelingsocialdiscontentacrossthedevelopedcountry.84.把威胁限制在最低程度Minimizetheseriousness/riskofsth.85.把A归因于BOweAtoB,AttributeAtoB,ascribeAtoBBlamesth.onsb.把…归咎于…Eg.Thosewhohasbeenledtoexpectfailurewillattributetheirfailurestolackofabilityratherthaninadequateeffort.86.阻碍Hamper/impedethedevelopmentof87.发表观点看法Express/voice/air88.持有不同观点Takeonoppositeview89.经历地、人experience/undergogreatchanges/hardships地、时间see/witness90.擅长于BeadeptatBeaptat 91.受到强烈攻击BeundersharpattackcomeEg.Today,themodeofAmericanuniversitiesandcollegesareundersharpattacks.92.A现象使人们开始对B现象注意起来AbringBtopublicattention93.增强…关于的意识Increasesb’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection94.从…中寻求安慰Seek/derivecomfortfrom摆脱寂寞(relieve/escapeboredom)95.精准掌握Have/enjoyagoodcommandBetterknowledgeofsth.GraspUnderstanding96.对…做出评论MakeobjectivecommentonSubjective97.保持联系 Acomeinto/establish/retain/strengthclose/frequentcontactwithB98.越来越需要There’sanincreasingdemandforsth.99.A被看作逃避社会责任Aisanescapefromresponsibilities/realitiesIsregardedas100.促进…的交流PromotetheexchangebetweenAandB101.激励Givesb.Anincentiveto+n.Tomakegreaterefforts.102.对…表现出冷漠,不感兴趣Showindifferenceto…’103.持有…态度Eg.Astronganti-urbanattituderunsconstantlythroughthemainstreamofAmericanthinking.104.记忆消逝Thememoryofsth.Isfading/dimming…105.…心态Children’snormalmentality(moneyobsessedmentality) 106.A对B来说讨厌AisanuisancetoB107.我发现…是令人欣慰的Ifinditapleasantrelieftodothat108.幸存Endangerthesurvivalof109.结束Endsth.Putanendtosth.=putsth.ToanendSth.Ended.Sth.Cometoanend,110.掌握Bring/putsth.undercontrolExercisecontrolover2009年高考英语第二轮热点专题复习——非谓语动词规律方法 1.考查立意较低,主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是,题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化,加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。2.设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势,不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。命题趋势不容置疑,高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查,试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势,但试题的难度将会有所控制。突破方法1.非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点,切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识:①具有句子结构的知识,要分得清简单句与复合句,陈述句与祈使句。②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识,要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识,要分得清及物动词和不及物动词,双宾动词和复宾动词。一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸。④具备各种复合句的知识,能够拆析30词左右长度的复合长、难句。 2.理解分析非谓语动词的句法功能,重点掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的区别;不定式、分词作补语的区别;不定式、分词作状语的区别;独立主格的用法;不定式、分词作定语的区别。3.解答考查非谓语动词的题目时,一定要保持头脑冷静。一般要遵循以下解题思路:①解析句子结构,确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);②找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);③搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式;④将该选项置入空中,看是否能够做到字从意顺,或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。知识清单清单一非谓语动词的句法功能名称主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√清单二分词、不定式作宾补用法要点 一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1.感官动词see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,notice等和使役动词have后面的宾补有三种形式,即原形动词(不带to的不定式)、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或完成,动词原形表主动和完成。如:IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。IheardhersingingandEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。IheardtheEnglishsongsungmanytimes.我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。注意:不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如:Ilookeddownatmyneckandfoundmynecklacegone.(状态)Iwassurprisedtofindmyhometownchangedsomuch.(完成)2.leave后接三种形式作宾补时,其中的leave保留了原来之义“留下”,但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态)。leavesb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事(宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行。)leavesth.undone留下某事未做 (宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系,表示被动和完成,一般以undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched为多)leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事leavesth.tobedone留下某事要做(不定式表示将来的动作。)如:It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.你让机器一直开着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.客人们没有动大部分菜,因为它们尝起来不可口。(被动,完成)Heleft,leavingmetodoalltherestwork.他走了,留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。(主动,将来)Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.我们匆匆忙忙导结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。(被动,将来)3.have,get后接三种形式作宾补时,其中heave,get表示“使、让、叫”之意。①havesth.done=getsth.done“使/让某事由别人去做”(叫/让某人做某事)。如I’llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.此外,havesth.done还表示“使遭受……”之意。如 Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.Mr.Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.②havesb./sth.doing使/让某人/物持续地做某事(现在分词表示主动,正在进行)getsb./sth.doing使某人/物开始行动起来如:Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.农忙时,农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。注意:“havesb.doing”若用于否定句中,其中have有“容忍”之意。如:Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourparentslikethat.我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。Don’thavethewaterrunningallthetime.不要让水流个不停。③havesb.dosth.(getsb.todosth.)使/让/叫某人去做某事如:Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt.Ican’tgethimtostopsmoking.Hewon’tlistentome.二、下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语: advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,think,waitfor,callon,dependon等。如:①Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedtoissueclearwarningbeforefiringanyshots.②Theteacheraskedusnottomakesomuchnoise.③Thefluisbelievedtobecausedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(lookat,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listento,hear);1感觉(fell)。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语(5+3+2+1-2+4):即以上动词除let,make外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,此外find,catch,keep,lave也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。如:Atthattime,Ifoundhimcryinginthestreet.Hewascaughtstealing.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.Themissingboyswerelastseenplayingneartheriver. 清单三不定式、分词作定语用法要点一、不定式作定语1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。如:TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.Hereissomepaperforyoutowriteon.但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如:Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Wefoundawaytosolvethisproblem(in).2.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。试比较:Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式tosend的动作执行者是“你”)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式tobesent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)3.用不定式作定语的几种情况: 不定式表将来:Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。如:Hewasthebestmantodothejob.ShewasthefirstwomantosinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintothelifeboats.用来修饰的词是抽象名词时,常见的有:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。如:DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?Ihavetochancetogosight–seeing.二、分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词分词形式为:V–ing;being+过去分词;过去分刻画。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时,用V–ing;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。例如:Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.ThebrokenglassisTom’s.Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie. 2.作定语的不及物动词分词形式为:V–ing和过去分词。V–ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。如:fallingleaves正落的叶子fallenleaves落下的叶子boilingwater正沸腾的水boiledwater沸腾过的水(白开水)三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别这三种形式作定语,主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,或是没有一定的时间性。如:HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?Heismanlovedandrespectedbyall.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrasesknownonlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如:Listen!Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.不定式的被动式作定语时,表示一个未来的动作。如:Thequestiontobediscussedatthetomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone. 清单四不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下列小诗:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。Decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help此外,afford,strive等也要用不定式作宾语。例如:①ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.②Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.③Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate–runcompaniesarestrivingtomaketheirproductsmorecompetitive.二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语,请牢记下列小诗:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成停欣赏,不禁介意准逃亡。consider/suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon,admit,delay/putoff,fancy,avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape,imagine,forbid,risk此外beusedto,lookforwardto,leadto,devoteto,stickto, objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand(无法忍受),giveup,feellike,insiston,putoff,thankyoufor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。①Thesquirrelswasluckythatifjustmissedbeingcaught.②IcanhardlyimaginePetersailingacrosstheAtlanticOcenainfivedays.③Iwouldappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意。1.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记已经做过某事remembertodosth.记住去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事regrettodosth.后悔/遗憾去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做一件事情trytodosth.努力/试图做某事trydoingsth.尝试着做某事meantodosth.意欲/想/企图做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事 goontodosth.(做完某事)接着做另一件事goondoingsth.继续做同一件事(=goonwithsth.)can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事例如:①Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedtorestonabigrockbythesideofthepath.②—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgottoturnitoff.③—Iusuallygotherebytrain.—Whynottrygoingbyboatforachange?④—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.—Well,nowIregrethavingdonethat.2.动词like,love,prefer后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词,如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意:如果like,love,prefer前有would/should后面则应接动词不定式。如:Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.I’dliketogoswimmingthisweekend.3.在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即:allow/advise/forbid/permitdoingsth.allow/advise/forbid/permitsb.todosth.如:Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.4.动词need,require,want作“需要”解时,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。beworth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外,若动词need表“需要”,require表“要求”,want表“想要”这些意义时,其后须接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即:need/require/wantdoing/tobedoneneed/require/wantsb.todosth.beworth+n.(表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)beworthdoingbeworthyofbeingdonebeworthyof+n.值得……beworthytobedone如:Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.Thewindowneeds/requires/wantstobecleaned.窗户需要擦一下。Theplaceisworthvisiting.Theplaceisworthyofavisit. Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.Theplaceisworthytobevisited.那个地方值得一去。如:①onlyoneofthesebooksisworthreading.②—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent,It’sworthreadingasecondtime.四、动词不定式作动词tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,findout等词的宾语时,前面常带wh–引导词。即how,what,whether,where,when,who等+todo。但why+不带to的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致,否则用宾语从句。例如:Heshowedushowtodothework.(=Heshowedushowweshoulddothework.)Idon’tknowwhattodo.(=Idon’tknowwhatI’lldo.)Canyoutellmewhydoit?五、动词不定式在介词but,otherthan后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则就要带to。另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。如:Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.Wehadnothingtodobut/otherthanwait. Wehavenochoicebuttowait.Ican’tchoosebutlaugh.清单五不定式、分词作状语用法要点一、不定式作状语Hesatdowntohavearest.(表目的)Theywenttheretovisittheirteacher.他们去那里拜访老师。(表目的)Hewokeuponly/justtofindeverybodygone.他醒来发现大家都走了。(表示结果)MygrandmotherlivedtoseetheliberationofChina.我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。(表示结果)在某些形容词作表语,表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如:Iamverygladtoseeyou.我非常高兴地见到你。Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill.听到你母亲生病真遗憾。在带有enough或too的句子里,也常用不定式作状语,表示程度。如:Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.他太激动了,不会不讲几句话的。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上学年龄了。Sheistootiredtodothejob.她太累而不能做那件工作了。 注意:强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用inorderto(为了)或soasto(以便)+动词原形。soasto不用于句首。Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.他早起为了赶上第一班车。Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.(表条件)Totellyouthetruth,Ihavegotnomoneyaboutme.Tobehonest,Iknownothingaboutit.(修饰全句,独立成分)二、分词作状语1.分词作状语形式的选择形式意义V+ing(doing)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动词同时发生,或基本上同时发生。having+V+ed(havingdone)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,先于谓语动词发生。V+ed(done)与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。being+V+ed与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且与谓语动词同时发生,一般作原因状语置于句首。 (beingdone)havingbeen+V+ed(havingbeendone)与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词发生。2.分词作状语的基本原则分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系,否则不能使用分词作状语。3.分词作状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。如:Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.(时间)Becarefulwhile/whencrossingthestreet.(时间)Havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.(原因)Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.(条件)Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.(结果)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.(让步)Theteachercameintothelab,followedbysomestudents.(伴随状况) 4.独立成分作状语有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:Generallyspeaking…一般说来Franklyspeaking…坦白地说Judgingfrom…根据……来判断Considering…考虑到……Totellyouthetruth…说实话清单六非谓语动词其它用法一、疑问词+不定式结构疑问词(who,which,when,where,how,what等)+不定式,这个结构在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语。如:Ididn’tknowwhattodo.(宾语)Whentoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.(主语)Myquestionwashowtogetsomanybooks.(表语)注意句型:Whynotdosth.?Whydosth.?二、不定式的主动和被动1.不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。如:Doyouhaveaknifetocutthewatermelon?(Aknifecutsthewatermelon.) 2.不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式。如:Shehasasistertolookafter.(Shelooksafterhersister.)Iknowwhattodo.(Idowhat.)3.不定式作表语形容词的关语,和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式,这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了forsb.。如:Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.Thiskindoffishisnicetoeat.4.在therebe结构中,当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式;如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成,则用被动形式。如:Thereisalotofworktodo.(Someonehastodothework.)Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.)请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点:Thereisnothingtodo.(无事可做,感到十分乏味。)Thereisnothingtobedone.(某东西坏了,无法使之恢复正常。)三、不定式符号to的保留问题有时为了避免重复,可以用to来代替前面的不定式,这种情况出现在下列动词之后:expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try;或出现在beglad/happy,wouldlike/ love等的后面。如果在省略的不定式结构中含有:be,have,havebeen,这些词要保留。如:Ihaven’tbeentoHongKong,butIwishto.—Areyouonholiday?—No,butI’dliketobe.—Ididn’ttellhimthenews.我没有告诉他那个消息。—Oh,yououghttohave.噢,你本应该告诉他的。四、动名词作主语动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasuseless如:Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.每天都熬夜没有什么好处若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。 五、注意以下表达的意义区别fallingleaves正在下落的树叶fallenleaves已经落下的树叶boilingwater沸腾的水boiledwater烧开过的水developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.Herjobisgivingpianolessonstochildren,butthisSundayherjobistoteachthechildrenhowtodance.Thegirlletoutafrightenedcryatthesightofthesnake.(Thegirlwasfrightened.)看到蛇,女孩尖叫起不。Hisfrighteningshoutscaredtheboysagain.(Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened.)他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。类似的还有:anexcitingvoice令人兴奋的声音anexcitedvoice兴奋的声音apuzzlinglook令人迷惑不解的表情apuzzledlook困惑的表情HeHehuntedalltheshops,lookingforanicepresentforhis girlfriend.(伴随)他找遍了所有的商店,为他的女友寻来一件精英的礼物。Hehuntedalltheshopstobuyanicepresentforhisgirlfriend.(目的)为给他的女友买一件精美的礼物,他跑遍了所有的商店。Istayedupverylateyesterday,preparingmyspeech.(伴随)我昨晚睡得很晚,一直在准备演讲稿。Igotupveryearlythismorningtopreparebreakfastformyfamily.(目的)今天早晨我起得很早以便给家人准备早餐。小试牛刀试题(一)1.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot______frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed2.______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____ everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold4.Ireallyappreciate_______torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.A.tohavehadtimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtime5.______atthedoorbeforeentering,please.A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock6.Sandycoulddonothingbut_____tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit7.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto______someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup8._____bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive9.______fromhearttroubleforyears,Professorwhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes. A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered10.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate–runcompaniesarestriving_______theirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade11.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_______foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting12.When_____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted13.Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly–electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled14.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce______nothingcanbeconetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginning D.begun15.Havingatripabroadiscertainlyfortheoldcouple,butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen(二)1.pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying2.—Whydidyougobacktotheshop?—Ileftmyfriend______there.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.waits3.Themanager,______hisfactory’sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.beingknown4.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif______whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseen D.tosee5.MrSmith,______ofthe_____speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring6.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked7.Theteacheraskedus_____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake8._____times,he’llmakeafirst–classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given9.Itisbelievedthatifabookis______,itwillsurely_____thereader.A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest10.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_____.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught 11.Generallyspeaking,______accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken12.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered_____clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued13.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting14.I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything_____?A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.forbuyingD.bought15.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain______astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating(三) 1.______withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.A.TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.Facing2.Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused3.______,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally4.Whilewatchingtelevision,_______.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings5.“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,________away.A.TohavehadB.havinghadC.HaveD.Having6.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.________theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having 7.Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered_______attheparty,butnot______.A.toarrive;leavingB.toarrive;toleaveC.arriving;leavingD.arriving;toleave8.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andallexpenses______vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid9.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon10.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit______oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained11.Idon’twant_______likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded12.Hegotwell–preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk______thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD. beinglost13._______intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput14.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust______alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have15.MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,_______advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentaken(四)1._______suchheavyloss,hebusinessmandidn’thavethecouragetogoon.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered2.Withnorainforthreemonthsandfoodsupplies______out,thesituationhereisgettingfrombadtoworse.A.runB.runningC.torunD.tobe run3.HilloftenattendspubliclecturesattheUniversityofLondon,chiefly_____hisEnglish.A.toimproveB.improvingC.tohaveimprovedD.improved4.Walkingoutofitwitha______smileonhisface,heturned______goodbyetohisclassmatesintheclassroom.A.forcing;tosayB.forced;tosayingC.forcing;tosayingD.forced;tosay5.Aremote–controlledbombexplodedoutsideahotelyesterday,_______atleast12people.A.havingbeeninjuredB.havinginjuredC.injuringD.injured6.ItissaidthatBarbara’ssisterfelloffherbicycleonherwaytoschool,_______intheleftleg.A.seriouslydamagingB.hurtingbadlyC.breakingseriouslyD.badlyhurt7.—What’sthematterwithTim?—Oh.Tim’scellphonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,never_____again.A.tofindB.tobefoundC.findingD.beingfound 8.Thecarburnsmorefuel,but______allthingsintoconsideration,it’sstillagoodcar.A.takenB.havingtakenC.takingD.totake9.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork_____,werefusedtheoffer.A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinishedC.nothavingfinishedD.notbeingfinished10.Theearthquake______thetsunami(海滩)happeneddeepunderthesea,_____morethan200,000people.A.causing;killingB.caused;killingC.causing;killedD.caused;killed11.Themanopenedhiseyesandmovedhislips,asif_____thathehadsomethingtotellthedoctor.A.sayingB.havingsaidC.tosayD.tohavesaid12.Though_____naturalresources,theareaiswelldeveloped.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin13.Whatworriedmemostwas_____togoabroadalone.A.mynotallowingB.havingnotallowed C.mybeingnotallowedD.mynotbeingallowed14.Itissillyofme______alleggsinonebasket.ThatwastheworstmistakeI’veevermade.A.toputB.tohaveputC.puttingD.havingput15.Myjobwastowashbottles,whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine,or_____thefilledbottlesinboxes.A.toputB.puttingC.havingputD.beingput答案与解析(一)1、A从题意看,get应与一动词构成“get+过去分词”系表状态,而C项的lost与from又不能搭配,B、D两项明显排除,故选A。动词与介词的习惯搭配运用也是需要掌握的基础知识中的一个重要内容,我们在培养新闻记者与理解能力的同进,还需要提高在交际中运用语言的准确性。 2、A题干中有一词already表明该支作已完成或已发生,故用完成式。四个选项均为同一动词,因此在词义上并无大的差异。应该通过分析题干句意,来考虑动词的不同非谓语形式的表达意思上的差别,而后做出选择。本句想要表达的意思是:河流已经遭受如引严惩的污染,现在要想清理也许太迟了。后面句子的动作发生在前面动词suffer行为之后,因此,所设空中应该选用表示“已经完成”状态的ing分词的完成式——Havingsuffered(选项A)。选项B(Suffering)为现在分词的一般形式,用来表示与句中主动词同时进行或存在的情况:Sufferingheavypollution…=Theriveristosuffer…(将会污染,现在也不能说toolate);以上两种情况均不能满足题干本身需要表达的基本句意,即:“itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver”。故B、C两项答案均应舍去。题干中already也可起到重要的提示与限制作用。选项D(Suffered)表示被动含义,因此也与句意不合,应能排除,但统计数据表明,错误选项中恰好该项干扰最大,误选比率为22.5%。这说明仍有相当一些考生没能掌握分词的基本意义与运用。3、Dtell是及物动词,后面要接宾语。因为在这个句子 稻田后面没有宾语,所以要用动词不定式。双因为知道了一切发生在告诉真相之前,所以要用动词不定式的完成式。这句话的意思是:一定要把一切告诉你妈妈。她看上去已经知道了一切事情。4、Bappreciate后接动名词作宾语。这句话的意思是:我真的喜欢和你一起在这个迷人的小岛上放松一下。5、D本句考查祈使句的用法,祈使句为命令、建议、请求的句子。本句意为:请在进屋前先敲门。非谓语动词不可作谓语。 6、A该句中的but 是介词,后接动词不定式。当but前的句子中有实义动词do 的某种形式(do,does,did,done)时,后接不带to有不定式;该语我谓语是coulddonothing,要填动词原形admit.这句话的意思是:山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。7、Btodevotesth.to后接动词作宾语。实际上,allhehad作devote的宾语,共中hehad是一个定语从句。这句话的意思是:利德先生决定用自己所有的一切为贫困儿童建造几所学校。8、Bifyoucan是条件状语从句。如果把这个句子转为简单句———bloodandmanyliveswillbesaved,就可以确定这是一个“祈使句+and”的句型。9、Cforyears是个重要的信息,因此用ing的完成式。10、A动词不定式作目的的状语,表示努力的目的。这句话的意思是:为了在国际市场上取得更大的份额,许多国有公司正努力使自己的产品具有竞争性。11、Ameandoingsth. 意思是“意味着什么”。meantodosht.的意思是“打算做什么”。这句话的意思是:在英国的某些地方,赶不上公共汽车意味着要再等一小时。12、Acomplete与museum是动宾关系,要用过去分词completed 作状语,表示被动。这句话的意思是:当这座博物馆建成后,将在明年向公众开放。tobecompleted作目的状语,不与when连用。 13、C动词不定式tosettled作difficultproblems定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题;过去分词settled作定语表示已经解决的难题;现在分词的被动式eingsettled作定语表示下在解决的难题。所提供的性境thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题,所以要用tosettle作定语。14、Doncebegun=oncetheresearchisbegun,句意;这个研究项目如此设计,一旦研究开始,将无法改变它。本题考查考生对句义的衔接以及连词once之后非谓语动词形式的掌握情况。Once或者其他词如when,while,since等引导状语从句时,如果从句主语与主句主语一致,可以省略其中的主语和 be动词谓语结构,本题所给句子的英文句意为:Theresearchissodesignedthatonceit(=theresearch)isbegunnothingcanbedonetochangeit.也就是:…oncebegunnothingcanbedonetochangeit.15、B第一个it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是主语从句。 Remain在这儿是半系动词,“有待于被看”,所以应用不定式的被动式。句意:到国外走走对这老两口当然有好处,但他俩会不会喜欢这趟旅游尚不得而知。本题设空处应为系动词remain的表语,句中使用了以it为形式主语的句式,设空之后的从句为真实主语。原句应理解为:Whethertheoldcouplewillenjoyatripabroadremains ______.remain与其余三个选项所给出的非谓语动词形式都没有类似搭配用法。(二)1、B句子的主干是Prices…canbelower,goods和buy关系为被动,表示通过电脑网上购买的商品,所以应选过去分词形式,构成的词组作定语。2、Aleavesb./sb.doing使……处于某状态,waiting作宾补。3、Athemanager是动词know逻辑上的主语,是主动关系。4。D句意:我们跟踪的那个男人突然停了下来,看起来好像看看是不是走错了方向。Asif表语从句的完整说法应是;…asifhewantedtoseewhetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.5、A句意:MrSmith听烦了乏味的演讲,读起了小说。下面这两个句子可帮助理解题干句:①MrSmithwastiredofthespeech.②Thespeechwasboring.6、Bsmoking作主语补足语。注意并没有findsb.dosth.的说法。本题设空处为if从句中主语(he=thecook)的补足语,结构较为复杂。原句可以转为复杂。原句可以转换为学生更为熟悉的主动语态结构:…ifsomeonefindshim______inthe kitchen.谈及两个由不同的人施行的动作可以使用被宾语隔开的级阶动词(phaseverb),本题中我们需要分析的就是find和smoke这样两个动作之间的关系。7、D本题考查不定式的否定形式作宾语。句意为:老师请我们不要制造很大噪音。8、D本句考查非谓语动词作状语。本句意为:如果给他一些时间,他定会成为一句优秀网球选手。根据句意及非谓语动词与主语的逻辑关系,很容易排除ABC三个选项。9、D此题考查的是interest的不同用法。动词interest表示“使……感兴趣”;现在分词形式interesting表示“对……感兴趣”,主语通常是人,。10、Cleadto导致后接名词,因此排除B项。小偷被抓,排除A项。D项表示将被抓住的小偷,显然不合意。更正式的说法应是:thethief’sbeingcaught.11、B完整的说法应是whenthedrugistakenaccordingtothedirections,…。12、A ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事。句意:一位军方发言人强调,在开枪射击之前,所有的士兵都曾被命令过要发出明确的警告信号。13、Dcatchsb.doingsth.正巧碰(抓住)某人做某事。14、Btobuy作anything的定语。 15、Cseat用作及物动词时,是“给某人座位,让人坐”的意思,这一点与sit(不及物动词,坐)截然不同。句意:飞机着陆的时候,飞行员要求所有的乘客坐在座位上。这里可用sitting代替seated.(三)1、Cfacesb.withsth.:(oftenpassive,befacedwith/by)toshowsomeonehastodealwithsomethingbadorunpleasant.这里题干的主语为Arnold决定征求老板的建议。根据动词face的用法及句意可推断主句主语与face在逻辑上为被动关系,故排除A、B、D三项。2、D不定式作结果状语往往引出“出科意料”的结果,暴风雨带来的危害显然不是意料之外的事情,故C项不对。本句这样表述可能更容易理解:Thestorm,havingcausedalotofdamagetothisarea,left.或者:Havingcausedalotofdamagetothisarea,thestormleft.显然,题干句的说法避免了“头重脚轻”的现象。句意:这次暴雨给本地带来了很大危害后,停止了。3、C本题考查分词短语。Generallyspeaking为分词作状语,意为“一般说来。”4、C 本题灵活考查分词作状语的用法。分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致。但当分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,分词要使用独立主格结构。根据分词没使用独立主格结构可以判断出句中分词watching的逻辑主语为指人的词,故淘汰A、B两项。虽然C、D两项句子中的主语都是指人的词,但D项中作宾补的rings应为原形动词,故淘汰D项,选择C项。5、B本题考查分词作伴随状语。动词run与主句主语为主动关系,且表伴随,所以用running.6、D本题考查动名词作主语。A、B两项表示已完成的动作,而句意只是强调一个一般性的动作,因此淘汰A、B两项,又因原形动词在句意只构成祈使句。不能作句子的主语,因此淘汰C项。句意为:为参加应聘做好准备很有必要。把回答的内容光焕发准备好大有帮助。7、D本题材考查remember后宾语动名词和宾语不定式用法的区别。在remember,forget,regert动词后执着不定式表示将来的动作,而后接动名词时,表示已完成的动作。句意为:当警察向他询问时,他说他记得已到了晚会现场但没有离开。8、B本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为:这次比赛的奖励为3万美元的奖金及已全额负清的去中国度假的费用。由句子结构可以分析出空格处的非谓语动词与后面的vacationtoChina构成短语作expenses的后置定语。由play与expense构成动宾关系可淘汰A项,B项表被动完成,C项表被动将来,D项表进行被动。根据句意选择B项。 9、A本题考查“with+宾语+补语“结构作伴随状语。由分析出空格处为补语成分需用非谓语动词而淘汰B、C两项。虽然A、D两项都可以作补语但两者所表示的时间不同,A项中的goingon表示正在进行,而togoon表示将来的动作,又因是作伴随状语,因此选择A淘汰D项。10、Dit指的是thetrafficrule,它与explain是被动关系,排除A、C。B项形式上就不对。这里应选D,havesth.done使/让/请别人做某事的意思。11、A本题学生容易误选答案B。五个感官系动词look,sound,taste,feel,smell不用被动形式。12、Brisk=①expose(sb.oneself)todanger使(某人/自己)面临危险②acceptthepossibilityof(sth.)甘愿承受可能发生的(某事);risk后常跟ing形式作宾语,而不跟不定式,排除A、C项;此处无被动意义,故B正确。13、A主句主语thehotline与putintouse逻辑上为被关系,排除B、C、D项表示正在进行的被动与句意不符。句意:2004年4月投入使用的这条热线,是为居民修水管道而设的。14、C此处用不定式表目的。句意:球迷们为了看一眼那些运动名星,在体育馆外等候了三个小时,这真是不可思议。15、A本句考查非谓语动词的用法。句子的主语people与take是主动关系,故排除B面及D项;‘havingtaken是ing形式的完成式,表示这一动作发生在谓语动作 之前,显然,此句中谓语signup与take无先后关系,故排除C项。(四)1、A分词作状语。C项不定式表示将要发生的动作,不合题意,首先排除。当分词与主句的主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时,状语用现在分词,排除D项。句意:这位生意人因先遭受了重大损失,继而失去了把生意进展下去的勇气。当分词的动作或状态先于主句谓语动词而发生时,应使用现在分词的完成式havingdone来表示,因此,排除B项。2、B本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。Runout是不及物性质的动词短语,应用现在分词作宾补,过种过种中。句意:三个月没有下雨,食品也快用完了,这里的局势越来越严峻了。3、A不定式表目的。这句话的意思是:Hill经常参加伦敦大学的公开课,主要为了提高英语水平。4、D句意:当他强作欢颜走出教室时,他回头向教室里的同学道别。Aforcedsmile(forceasmile)强作笑颜;turnto表示“向某人求助”,“改变”含义时, to是介词,其后跟名词、代词或动名词。如:Theycan’tmakemoneyoutofsheep,sotheyturntokeepingdeer.但当turn表示“回头做某事”时,其后跟动词不定式,故选D。5、C 分词作状语。分词与主句的主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系,排除A、D两项。根据句意,炸弹爆炸,结果导致至少12人受伤,因此B项在动作顺序上有误。6、D句意:据说Barbara的姐姐在上学的路上从自行车上摔了下来,左腿伤得很重。首先排除A、C两项,因不符合习惯用法。Hurt为及物动词,故应先D这个过去分词短语作结果状语。7、B不定式表结果。never,only加不定式,常常表示与主观愿望相差很远的结果。Tobefound为不定式的被动形式。8、C独立成分作状语。注意有些分词短语,其形式是固定的,不受上下文影响的,因此被称为独立成分。句意:这辆汽车耗油量较大,便是综合整体情况来看,它仍不失一辆好车。9、D分词的独立主格结构作状语。句意:Walter下班时主动提出让我们搭他的车,但是因为我们的工作尚未完成,我们拒绝了他的好意。ourwork各finish之间应为被动关系,故排除A、C。连词but连接的句子是werefusedtheoffer,因此应使用非谓语形式仍状语,故排除B。当分词带有自己的逻辑主语,和主句主语不一致时,我们将它称之为独立主格结构。10、A句意:引发海啸的地震发生在深海,已经导致20多万人死亡。Causingthetsunami作后置定语,修饰 theearthquake,因为它们之间为逻辑上的主谓的主谓关系,故应用现在分词表示,排除B、D。killingmorethan200,000people为分词结果状语,因为与主语之前仍为逻辑上的主谓关系,故排除D。 11、Casiftodosht.为固定用法。句意:这个人睁开了眼睛,动了动嘴唇,好象想要说他有事要告诉医生。12、Clacking为现在分词与though连用作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句:Thoughthearealacksnaturalresources.解此题的关键还要掌握lacd一词的用法:lacdsth.(lack为及物动词);forlackof(lack为名词);belacdingin(lacking为形容词)。该题句意为:尽管缺乏自然资源,该地区仍很发达。13、D句意:最让我担心的事是我不会被允许单独出国。考查非谓语动词作表语,根据句意,应为被动,故排除A、B两项。否定副词not应置用非谓语动词前,故选D。14、B此题易误选A。后句语境提示Thatwastheworstmisktake,说明这一动作发生在过去,故应用不定式完成式表示动作已发生。句意:把所有的鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里,我真是太蠢了。这是这所犯过的最糟糕的一个错误。15、A此句可先去掉句中插入的定语从句简化句子后解题,这样可以更容易地发现句中含有一个对称结构,towashbottles和填入的toput…,不定式作表语。句意:我的工作是清洗瓶子——这些瓶子稍后会装入酒,或者是把装好洒的瓶子装箱。 选校网www.xuanxiao.com高考频道专业大全历年分数线上万张大学图片大学视频院校库(按ctrl点击打开)高一英语Unit1Friendship——Reading说课稿一、教学内容分析(一)知识背景及新课标、新教材1、本单元围绕友谊这一话题开展听、说、读、写多种教学活动在本单元中涉及到的话题有:人们为什么要交朋友,如何交朋友,怎样处理朋友的关系,生活在二战时期的安妮是如何渴望朋友,如何与朋友相处的等。2、Reading部分承载着整个单元中最重要的语言和文化信息,也是教师在整个教学过程中需要重点处理的部分。本文讲述了犹太女孩安妮为躲避纳粹的迫害而藏身于小阁楼中,并把日记当作自己的朋友,通过写日记来表达自己孤独和郁闷的心情。通过阅读这篇课文,学生不仅要进行阅读技能的训练,学习一些新的词汇和短语的表达方法,还要去阅读过程中学习并欣赏英语语音的美感,感受主人公乐观自信的人生太度,纯洁美丽的心灵。(二)教学目标1、知识技能①学习一些重要的新单词,短语和句式,如goinroughmake+o+n作宾补1、wonderwhether/if一句式等②学会用英语谈论友谊2、能力目标提高学生的阅读能力并学会用一些阅读技能,如guessingkeysentences,skinning,scanningandsoon3、情感目标使学生意识到友谊的重要性,并通过阅读这篇短文学会珍惜友谊(三)教学重点1、培养学生的阅读技能,学会欣赏文学作品2、让学生在语境中学习并掌握文章中的词汇和短语 3、提高学生的阅读技能(四)教学难点1、怎样提高阅读技能2、掌握make+o+oc二、教学方法1、任务型教学2、合作学习3、讨论三、具体教学步骤(一)导入(Lead-in)这一步骤的重点在于激发学生的兴趣活动方式:师生互动教师提问:WhatisimportantinyourLife?学生的答案会有moneystudytimehipetc再问:DOyouwanttoknowhewhatimportantinmylife?Listentoasong《朋友》导入的同时引出一句谚语:Afriendinneedisafriendindeed(拓展学生的知识)最后指出今天新学内容是Friendship(二)pre-reading问答形式:1、 Whydoyouneedfriends?2、Whatdoyouthinkagoodfriendshouldbelike?3、Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?4、Haveyoueverconsideredmakingfriendswithanimals,plantsorevenanobject?看阅读文章的标题猜猜安妮的朋友是谁介绍这篇文章的写作背景,二十世纪四十年代纳粹德国统治欧洲大部分地区。德国纳粹政策之一是对犹太人残酷迫害包括杀害:送到集中营强迫劳动,驱逐出欧洲等。——指出当时的历史北京,学生就能自然而然地习得语言。能从时代背景出发思考安妮面临困境,就不难理解安妮当时的心境和为什么将日记视为自己的朋友,从而深刻地领悟安妮日记的内涵。(三)Reading1、Skimming让学生快速浏览课文,把握中心内容2、细读课文,抓住文中的关键信息和段落大意3、带着问题看课文,即完成“理解”部分的练习14、读安妮日记,并进行复述(四)听力与巩固 1、Annemadeherdiaryherbestfriendbecauseshewasafraidherfriendswouldlaughather2、Anneandherfamilyhadbeeninhidingplacefortwoyears3、Annethoughtnatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced(五)知识点(languagepoints)1、gothrough2、Makeherdiaryherbestfriend3、Iwonderif/whether4、dowith/dealwith5、itwasthefirsttimethat(六)讨论如果你必须像安妮一样和家人躲个狭小的空间里生活,你会怎么做?——通过讨论更能感受到安妮对自由生活的向往,对大自然的热爱。对友情的渴望,通过反思自身的生存状态,他们会懂得珍惜生命,珍惜生活中美好的点点滴滴,并保持乐观向上的生活态度。高中英语必修三单词及语言点总结  单词总结  Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld  Exercise1据句意及所给单词首字母或汉语意思完成下列句子.  1.---Doyouneedmoremilk?  ---No,thanks,there’sp_______inthefridge.  2.She’ss_______herselftotrytoloseweight.  3.Nothings_________him,he’salwayscomplaining (抱怨).  4.Youf________metodeathsuddenlyshoutingoutbymyear.  5.Ia________himforhissuccessinbusiness.  6.Thejudge____ruled______(判定)bothfinalists(决赛者)equalpoints.  7.Thesebooksare___________(最喜欢的东西)ofmine.  8.ChristmasDayisa__________(宗教的)festival.  9.Imademy___________(道歉)andleftearly.  10.I___________(原谅)herlongago.  Exercise2根据句意,用所给的词或词组的最恰当形式填空(注意有多余选项) haveone’soriginas,do(no)harm(to),leadto,havefunwith,waitfor,setoff,seton,make…of,decorate…with,takeplace,lookforwardto,playatrickon,intheshapeof,beproudof  1.Hemeans__________bysayingwhathethinks.  2.Thismisunderstanding_________awarbetweenthetwocountries.  3.Samusedtobeaspy___________ajournalist.  4.TheSpringFestivalinChina______________an activitytodriveoffthe“Nian”,awildbeast.  5.Don’t____________me;I’mnotafool.  6.Heendedtheletterwith“____________seeingyousoon”.  7.Theparents__________________theirchild’ssuccess.  8.Whattimeareyouplanningto__________tomorrow?  9.FatherboughtaChristmastree____________colouredlightsaweekago.  10.Wehaveneverdiscoveredwhat_____________betweenthecouplethatday.  Unit2Healthyeating  Exercise1据句意及所给单词首字母或汉语意思完成下列句子.  1.Don’ttakesomee___________exercisewhenyouhavecaughtacold.  2.Hegaveintoc_________andopenedtheletteraddressedtohisclassmate.  3.Tomwouldnevera__________tobeingwrong.  4.DidLucym_________whenshewouldcometoseeme?  5.I’vehadtheb___________ofagood education.  6.Becausetheydidn’treachanyagreement,theyhadtomakea_________(折中)decision.  7.Hecoulddonothingbutstandand___________(惊讶).  8.Thesubjecthasalreadybeenfully_____________(研究).  9.DaoLangis____________(受欢迎的)amongtheyouth.  10.Hydrogen____________(结合)withoxygentoformwater.  Exercise2根据句意,用所给的词或词组的最恰当形式填空(注意有多余选项)  earnone’sliving,careabout,arefor,afterall,aboveall,takeparkin,takethepartof,success,avoid,longbefore,beforelong,feelfit,provide  1.He’sbeenillforweeksanddoesn’t__________forworkyet.  2.She______________bysinginginanightclub.  3.Hewasextremelyangryyesterdayandsaidhewouldnotcomeback.Buthereturnedtoday______________.  4.Howmanycountrieswillbe_______________the games?  5.He_______________Hamletintheplay.  6.Ijuststoppedcyclingto________runningoverthecatinthestreet.  7.Hewasn’t___________asateacherbecauseoflackingofexperience.  8.Thatsadthinghadhappened___________.  9.Allthewoman____________theirchildren.  10.Thefirm__________mewithacarsinceIworkedhere.  Unit3TheMillionPoundBank-Note  Exercise1据句意及所给单词首字母或汉语意思完成下列句子.  1.Sheisani_________actressinmoderntimes.  2.Afterthreehoursofwaitingforthetrain,ourp_________finallywenttoend.  3.Thefanss___________withexcitementwhentheysawthestar.  4.Sheseemsg_________butcanItrusther?  5.Hehasagoodsenseofh_________,somostofthestudentslikehisclass.  6.Hisillness___________(是……的解释)hisabsence.  7.Ionlyfoundit____________ (偶然地).  8.Hewas_________(妒忌)Tom’ssuccess.  9.Youcantellfromher__________(外表)thatshehasbeenill.  10.Dogsarenot___________(允许)inthebuilding.  Exercise2根据句意,用所给的词或词组的最恰当形式填空(注意有多余选项)  careabout,carryout,dowith,dealwith,promise,beton,stareat,look,inrages,accountof,tobehonest,not…until  1.Hetookno___________whatIsaidandfailed.  2.Tellmewhatyou____________yourselveslastSunday.  3.Hespendsallhismoney________________horses.  4.Don’tlookatmeinsuchway;Idon’tlikebeing____________.  5.Theprogrammadeinyesterday’sconferencewillsoon_____________.  6.Youshouldn’tconsiderTompoorthoughheis____________.  7.Idon’tthinkshe______________whathappenstoherchildren.  8.______________,Idon’tthinkwehaveachanceof winning.  9._____________weknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.  10.Ican’t___________,butIwilldomybest.  Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars  Exercise1据句意及所给单词首字母或汉语意思完成下列句子.  1.A__________isscientificstudyofthesun,moon,stars,planets,ect.  2.Christian,BuddhistandHinduarethemainr_________intheworld.  3.Thea___________overdinnerwaswarmandfriendly.  4.Thefireworke__________inhishand.  5.Thenewshes__________aroundthetownwasnottrue.  6.It’sa_______(谜)tomewhytheydidn’tchoosehim.  7.Wemustcareaboutfurther___________(进展).  8.Asaparent,youshouldnot___________(鼓励)badhabitsinachild.  9.TheECP___________(出版)weekly.  10.Theforcethatattractsobjectsinspacetowardseachother,andontheearthpullsthemtowardsthecenterof theplanetiscalled____________(重力).  Exercise2根据句意,用所给的词或词组的最恰当形式填空(注意有多余选项)  lessen,dissolve,dependon,prevent…(from…),lay,nowthat,onearth,ontheearth,ontime,intime,surface,gradually  1._________you’vefinishedyourhomework,youcangoandplayfootballtohavearest.  2.I’vephonedyouseveraltimes.What__________areyoudoing?  3.Nothingonearthcan_________me________lovingher.  4.Doyoubestinyourcareer,you’llsucceed____________.  5.Youmustnotlookonlyatthe__________ofthings.  6.Salt____________easilyinwater.  7.Theoldman____________histwosonsforfoodandclothing.  8.Thecuckoo(杜鹃)__________itseggsinotherbird’snest.  9.Afterhardworking,theyimprovedthethings ______________.  10.Thepain_________already___________aftertakingthemedicine.  Unit5Canada─“TheTrueNorth”  Exercise1据句意及所给单词首字母或汉语意思完成下列句子.  1.ChinaisinAsia,oneofthesevenc__________ontheearth.  2.Thehousewass_________byhighwalls.  3.Inthosedays,mothersusuallyt________thebabiesbytellingstoriesofwolforghosts.  4.China’sformerPrimeM_________,ZhuRongjistressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessintheworldattheEarthSummit.  5.Wemustmakesurethateveryoneisabletotakepartinthenewworldwec_______todeveloptheworldsuccessfully.  6.Theycouldn’twaittostoptoadmirethe________(风景)onarrivingthepark.  7.I’m__________(极其,非常)sorryforthedelay.  8.Wemustreachthe_________(港口)beforesunsetincaseofthebad weather.  9.Heisgoingto__________(竞赛,比赛)againsthisoldrivalinthesecondround.  10.Nothavingseeneachotherforages,theyfounditdifficulttomake___________(交谈).  Exercise2根据句意,用所给的词或词组的最恰当形式填空(注意有多余选项)  flowinto,figureout,dowellin,bereadyto,spend,take,atdawn,atnoon,as/sofaras,aswellas,insize,atleast  1.Hegrowsflowers____________vegetables,sohecansavemuchmoneytobuyfromthemarket.  2.Theystarted_________,hopingtoarrivebefore10:00am.  3.Offersofhelp__________thehomelesspeoplebecauseofthetsunami.  4.____________Icanseethatisimpossible.  5.Ican’t___________howmuchtheholidaywillcostbeforeitends.  6.Myhouseisthesameashers____________.  7.Shemaybeslow,but___________she’sreliable(可靠的).  8.I’vegotchanged,soI______________startworkatany time.  9.Taketroubleto_____________yourexaminationdespiteyouaregoodatitornot.  10.Althoughheisaman,he_________toomuchtimeonclothes.    参考答案:  Unit1  Exercise1:  1.plenty    2.starving   3.satisfies    4.frightened   5.admire     6.awarded  7.favorites   8.religious   9.apologies   10.forgave  Exercise2:  1.noharm   2.ledto  3.intheshapeof  4.hasitsoriginas  5.playatrickon  6.Looking/Lookforwardto   7.are/wereproudof  8.setoff  9.decoratedwith  10.tookplace  Unit2  Exercise1:  1.energetic  2.curiosity   3.admit   4.mention  5.benefit     6.balanced   7.wonder    8.research   9.popular   10.combines  Exercise2:  1.feelfit  2.earns/earnedone’sliving   3.afterall  4.takingpartin    5.takes/tookthepartof    6.avoid   7.asuccess   8.longbefore  9.careabout  10.provided  Unit3  Exercise1:  1.incredible  2.patience   3.screamed   4.genuine     5.humor  6.accountsfor  7.byaccident   8.jealous  9.appearance10.permitted  Exercise2:  1.accountof   2.didwith  3.bettingon   4.staredat   5.becarriedout  6.inrags     7.caresabout   8.Tobehonest   9.Notuntil  10.promise  Unit4:  Exercise1:  1.Astronomy    2.religions   3.atmosphere   4. exploded   5.spread  6.mystery       7.developments   8.encourage   9.ispublished  10.gravity  Exercise2:  1.Nowthat    2.onearth   3.prevent…from    4.intime  5.surface  6.dissolves    7.depends/dependedon   8.lays/laid  9.gradually  10.was…lessening  Unit5:  Exercise1:  1.continents    2.surrounded   3.terrified   4.Minister   5.create  6.scenery      7.extremely    8.harbor    9.compete   10.conversation  Exercise2:  1.aswellas     2.atdawn     3.flowedinto   4.As/Sofaras   5.figureout  6.insize      7.atleast      8.amreadyto    9.dowellin     10.spends 想学好英语,首先要培养对英语的兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”,兴趣是学习英语的巨大动力,有了兴趣,学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验:喜欢的事,就容易坚持下去;不喜欢的事,是很难坚持下去的。而兴趣不是与生俱来的,需要培养。有的同学说:“我一看到英语就头疼,怎么能培养对英语的兴趣呢?”还有的同学说:“英语单词我今天记了明天忘,我太笨了,唉,我算没治了。”这都是缺乏信心的表现。初学英语时,没有掌握正确的学习方法,没有树立必胜的信心,缺乏了克服困难的勇气,丧失了上进的动力,稍遇失败,就会向挫折缴枪,向困难低头。你就会感到英语是一门枯燥无味的学科,学了一段时间之后,学习积极性也逐渐降低,自然也就不会取得好成绩。但是,只要在老师的帮助下,认识到学英语的必要性,用正确的态度对待英语学习,用科学的方法指导学习。开始时多参加一些英语方面的活动,比如,唱英文歌、做英语游戏、读英语幽默短文、练习口头对话等。时间长了,懂得多了,就有了兴趣,当然,学习起来就有了动力和欲望。然后,就要像农民一样勤勤恳恳,不辞辛苦,付出辛勤的劳动和汗水,一定会取得成功,收获丰硕的成果。毕竟是Nopains,nogains吗。练好基本功是学好英语的必要条件,没有扎实的英语基础,就谈不上继续学习,更谈不上有所成就。要想基本功扎实,必须全神贯注地认真听讲,上好每一节课,提高课堂效率,脚踏实地、一步一个脚印地,做到以下“五到”:一、“心到”。在课堂上应聚精会神,一刻也不能懈怠,大脑要始终处于积极状态,思维要活跃、思路要开阔,心随老师走,听懂每一句话,抓住每一个环节,理解每一个知识点,多联想、多思考,做到心领神会。 二、“手到”。学英语,一定要做课堂笔记。因为人的记忆力是有限的,人不可能都过目不忘,记忆本身就是不断与遗忘作斗争的过程。常言说,“好脑筋不如烂笔头”。老师讲的知识可能在课堂上记住了,可是过了一段时间,就会忘记,所以,做好笔记很有必要。英语知识也是一点点积累起来的,学到的每一个单词、词组以及句型结构,都记在笔记本上,甚至是书的空白处或字里行间,这对以后的复习巩固都是非常方便的。三、“耳到”。在课堂上,认真听讲是十分必要的,不但要专心听老师对知识的讲解,而且要认真听老师说英语的语音、语调、重音、连读、失去爆破、断句等发音要领,以便培养自己纯正地道的英语口语。听见听懂老师传授的每一个知识点,在头脑里形成反馈以帮助记忆;理解领会老师提出的问题,以便迅速作答,对比同学对问题的回答,以加深对问题的理解而取别人之长补自己之短。四、“眼到”。在认真听讲的同时,还要双眼紧随老师观察老师的动作、口形、表情、板书、绘图、教具展示等。大脑里形成的视觉信息和听觉信息相结合,印象就会更加深刻。 五、“口到”。学习语言,不张嘴不动口是学不好的,同学们最大的毛病是读书不出声,害羞不敢张嘴。尤其是早读课,同学们只是用眼看或默读,这样就只有视觉信息,而没有听觉信息在大脑里的反馈,当然记忆也不会太深刻,口部肌肉也得不到锻炼,也就很难练就一口纯正的英语。所以,要充分利用早晨头脑清醒的时间,大声朗读;课堂上要勇跃回答老师提问、积极参与同学间讨论和辩论,课下对不清楚的问题及时提出,要克服害羞心理,不耻下问。对学过的课文要多读、勤读、苦读,可以跟录音机读,竭力模仿其语音语调以纠正发音,要读得抑扬顿挫朗朗上口,一些精典文章最好能背得滚爪烂熟。利用一切可能的机会,练习英语口语,比如,与外教交流、参加“英语角”活动、与同学进行对话、讲英语故事、唱英文歌曲、演英语短剧、进行诗歌朗诵等。除了对课本中的范文要细读精读之外,还要多看些适合我们中学生的课外读物,既可增长知识,又开阔了我们的视野,也提高了我们的阅读水平。学英语,词汇的记忆是必不可少的,词汇是学好英语的基础,没有了词汇,也就谈不上句子,更谈不上文章,所以记单词对我们就显得极其重要。记忆单词关键有二:一是持之以恒:每天坚持记忆一定量的词汇,过几天再回头复习一次,这样周期循环,反复记忆,经常使用,就会变短时记忆为长时记忆并牢固掌握。需要注意的是,一旦开始,就要坚持下来,千万不能半途而废,切不可三天打鱼,两天晒网。二是良好的记忆方法:记忆单词的方法很多,学无定法,但学有良法。我认为,张思中的“集中识词,分类记忆”不失为一种适合中学生的好方法。把中学生应掌握的3500个单词集中汇总,分门别类,先过单词关,然后再学教材,在课本中使用和巩固它们的用法。分类的方法有多种,同一元音或元音字母组合发音相同的单词归为一类;根据词形词性、同义词反义词等集中记忆;把相同词根、前缀、后缀、合成、转化、派生等构词法相同的单词或词组列在一起集中识记印象比较深刻,记忆效果也比较明显。这样每天记40-80个单词,坚持不懈,多联想,多思考,多使用,词汇问题不就解决了吗?在学习的过程中多注视单词的用法和词组的搭配,牢记老师讲过的单词惯用法和句型,这样不仅有助于我们解题,而且在写作时也会信手拈来,运用自如。 把单词记住,了解词性、词义,掌握其固定搭配与习惯用法,背会时态、从句的各种用法,工作只是完成了一半,我们还得将它们应用到实践中去。就像学游泳,光学理论,不下水应用,不等于掌握了这门技术。不必要搞题海战术,但一定量的典型练习来巩固所学知识是必不可少的。先重视基础练习,如课后习题,单元同步练习,这些是针对课堂知识的巩固性练习,不能好高骛远,光想着一口吃个胖子。基础知识掌握后,有的放失地做一些语法方面的专项练习和考试题型的专题练习。特别提倡同学们准备一本“错题集”,把平时做错的具有代表性的试题或语言点记录下来,以备将来查漏补缺,这样对知识的掌握可以达到事半功倍的效果。英语是一种语言,不是记住了单词、词组、句型和语法项目就是把它学好了,关键在于使用语言,所以在学习英语时一定要注意听、说、读、写、译全面发展。英语学习首先是一个记忆过程,然后才是实践过程。学习英语,无论如何,勤奋是不可少的,它是一个日积月累的渐进过程,是没有任何捷径可走的,也没有所谓“速成”的灵丹妙方,急于求成,不做踏实工作,是学不好英语的。任何成功的获得都要靠自己的努力,要踏踏实实、勤勤恳恳、兢兢业业、一步一个脚印地学习,端正态度,认真对待学习中的挫折和失败。失败并不可怕,可怕的是对自己丧失信心而一蹶不振。对考试的失败,冷静分析,认真思考,只要对胜利充满信心,善于总结经验教训,不断努力,不断追求,胜利一定是属于你们的