初三英语语法复习4 人教新目标版 14页

初三英语语法复习4人教新目标版一.本周教学内容：语法复习（4）教学内容讲解：一.定冠词（一）定冠词常置于名词前，起特指等作用。（二）不用冠词的场合零冠词示例复数名词指一类人或事物时Elephantsareheavierthanhorses.SheandIarestudents.名词前已有物主代词、指示代词等限定词时Mysisterhasneverbeentothatplace.专有名词、抽象名词、物质名词前Ilovemusic./Chinaisfamousfortea.节日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前TreePlantingDay;onSunday;inApril;inwinter三顿饭和球类运动前Idon’tplayfootballbeforeIhavesupper.重叠运用的名词短语之前neckandneck;hourafterhour;sentencebysentence称呼或表示职务的名词前Grandma,ComradeLiHethoughthewas“kingofthematch”.在一些习惯用语中athome,bytrain,gotobed,etc. （三）短语辨析1.inhospital住院inthehospital在医院里2.inbed（躺、病、睡）在床上onthebed在床上3.inclass在上课intheclass在班上4.attable在进餐atthetable在桌旁/边5.infrontof在……前面inthefontof在……前面（内部）6.gotoschool上学gototheschool到学校去7.atschool在上学attheschool在学校里8.bysea乘船bythesea在海边9.gotobed去睡觉gotothebed到那张床边10.gotohospital去看病gotothehospital去医院11.nextyear/week/month/season来年、下周、下个月/季节thenextyear/week/month/season第二年/周/月/季节12.ateacherandwriter老师兼作家（一个人）ateacherandawriter老师和作家（两个人）13.alargeandbeautifulcountry一个大而美丽的国家alargeandabeautifulcountry一个大的和一个美丽的国家（两个）14.bycar/bybus乘坐小汽车、公共汽车bythecar/bus在小汽车、公共汽车旁边15.ontopof在……之上atthetopof在……上部/端16.onearth到底、究竟ontheearth在地球上17.onwatch值日、当班onthewatch注意、当心18.atnight在晚上inthenight在夜间二.情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法例句can（could）表示“能力”。can强调客观，beableto强调主观努力。Ican’tpayyoutoday.Canyouwaittilltomorrow?Difficultiescanandmustbeovercome. Althoughthepilotwasbadlyhurt,hewasabletoexplainwhathadhappened.can’thelpdoing（禁不住作某事）beableto代替may，表示“允许”HesaysIcantakeadayoffwheneverIwant.OnSundayswecould（＝wereallowedto）stayuplate.may表示“许可”或征询对方意见，表示“不可以、禁止”则用mustn’t代替。Apoliceofficermay（＝hastherightto）askadrivertotakeabreathtestwhennecessary.mightmay还可表示“祝愿”。Mayyoubehappy!Mayyousucceed!musthaveto表示义务，即“必须、应该”；must表示由说话人赋予的义务；haveto则表示客观条件要求必须做某事；回答must的否定则用needn’t/don’thaveto。Mother:Youmustwearadresstonight.Youmustn’tgototheoperainthosedreadfuljeans.Smallboy:IhavetowipemyfeeteverytimeIcomein.need表示需要，是指现在或将来，只用于否定句或疑问句中。肯定句一般是实义动词。Doctor:Youneedn’tgoonadiet;butyoumusteatsensiblyandyoumustn’tovereat.Ineedtoknowtheexactsize.（实义动词）Yourhairneedstobecut/needscutting.（实义动词）dare表示“敢”，指现在或过去。Idarenotmentiontheirnames.Howdareyouopenmyletters?shallshall表示征询意见，用于第一人称疑问句中。Shallweallgotothefilmtonight?Shallwetakeumbrellaswithus?with表示“意志、意愿”，用于各种人称。Dowhatyouwill.Willyouhelpmewiththispackage?Wouldyoumind...?Wouldyoulikesomecakeorbiscuit?wouldratherdoAthandoB（宁愿做A而不愿做B）would表示“请求”，征询对方意愿或提出请求，用于第二人称的疑问句中。Willyouhavesometea?Willyoutakeyourseats,please?Wouldyougowithme?三.时态的呼应宾语从句和状语从句的时态往往要和主句时态呼应。如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的谓语动词也必须是过去的某种时态： 四.非谓语动词（动词不定式和动名词）动词不定式在句中不但能作除谓语以外的一切成分，还能在句中保持动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语。（一）不定式的句法功能 （二）不定式与动名词作宾语 （三）不定式与V-ing作宾语补足语不定式和V-ing作宾语补足语时，前者意味着动作已发生或完成，后者意味着动作“在进行”。 （四）常见搭配后接不定式的短语beready/sure/able/afraid/goingtodosth.,getreadytodosth.,too...todosth.,enoughtodosth.,cannotwaittodosth.,prefertodosth.,whynotdosth.,hadbetterdosth.等。后接V-ing的短语bebusydoingsth.,keep（on）doingsth.,spend...（in）doingsth.,feellikedoing,What/Howaboutdoingsth.,stop...fromdoingsth.,thanksfordoingsth.,cannothelpdoingsth.等。（答题时间：60分钟）一、冠词：1._________bookonthedeskis_________usefulone.A.The;anB.A;aC.The;aD.The;/2.Onemorninghefoundabag.Therewas__________“s”onthecornerof_________bag.A.a;aB.a;theC.an;aD.an;the3.___________tigeris____________dangerousanimal.A.A;aB.A;theC.The;aD.The;an4.Idon’tknowwhichoneIprefer,__________bigoneor__________small.A.the;aB.the;theC.a;aD.a;the5.Didyouenterfor___________highjumpor_________400-meterrace?A.an;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the6.Jimlikestoplay__________footballandwason_________schoolteam.A./;theB./;/C.the;theD.a;a7.Thisis_________pear.It’snot_________apple. A.a;aB.a;anC.an;aD.an;an8.Inmyopinion,Jordanis__________mosttalentedbasketballplayersofar.A.anB.theC.aD./9.Thereis__________parkinthecenterofthecity.A.aB.anC.theD./10.__________moremoneyyoumake,_______________moreyouspend.A.The;theB.The;aC.A;aD.A;the11.Remember,I’llbewaitingforyouat________gateof________cinemaatsevenin_________evening.A.the;the;theB.a;the;anC.the;a;anD.the;a;the12.There’s_________appleonthetable.___________appleisformylittlebrother.A.a;AnB.an;AnC.the;AnD.an;The二、情态动词：1.Whenthelightsareredthetraffic____________stop.Thenyou________cross.A.must;canB.should;shouldC.haveto;mustD.can;can2.－________youplaybasketballwithus?－Sorry,I___________.I__________helpmymotherwiththehousework.A.Will;won’t;mustB.Could;couldn’t;couldC.Can;can’t;havetoD.May;mayn’t;must3.UncleWangisnothere.He___________beworkinginthegarden.A.canB.mustC.shallD.may4.You__________returntheradionow.You________keepituntiltomorrow.A.needn’t;canB.can’t;canC.mustn’t;mayD.may;should5.Themanispoor;he_________buythecar.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’tD.maynot6.Theteacher________intheoffice.Thelightsinitarestillon.A.maybeB.canbeC.mustbeD.needbe7.Lucy__________ill.Isawherplayinggamesjustnow.A.mustn’tbeB.can’tbeC.needn’tbeD.maynotbe8.You_________handitinatonce,youmayhanditintomorrow.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot9.You________bemorecarefulnexttime.A.havetoB.mayC.mustD.will10.－________Itakethenewspaperaway?－No,you_________.You___________onlyreadithere.A.Must;mustn’t;mustB.May;mustn’t;can C.Need;mustn’t;needD.Can;needn’t;may11.Thetaxi__________onlyholdsixpassengers.It’sfull.You_________takethenextone.A.may;mayB.can;mayC.may;canD.must;can12.Oh,themilk___________strange––doyouthinkit’sOKtodrink?A.wastastedB.tastedC.istastingD.tastes13.Pizzaisreadynow,andit___________nice.Wouldyoulikesome?A.smellsB.feelsC.soundsD.goes14.Thesong_________quitebeautiful.Pleaserecorditforme.A.hearsB.soundsC.listensD.isheard15.Oh,yourforehead_________hot.Gotothedoctoratonce.A.feelsB.touchesC.feltD.falls三、时态的呼应：1.Jacob’strain_________at3：00tomorrowafternoon,sowe_________himattherailwaystation.A.willarrive;wouldmeetB.willarrive;metC.arrives;willmeetD.arrives;met2.Thesepictures___________whenwetookatriptoMountTai.A.tookB.willtakeC.weretakenD.willbetaken3.Fatherdoesn’ttellmewhenhe___________.I’lltelephoneyouassoonashe_______.A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;willcomeD.comes;comes4.Tom____________footballwhenMr.Fatfoundhimontheplayground.A.willplayB.wasplayingC.hasplayedD.plays5.Mr.Brown________toLeeds.He________therefortwodays.A.goes;wasB.hasgone;hasbeenC.hasleft;willbeD.hasvisited;hasgone6.Allmobilephonesmust____________duringthemeeting________wecanhearthereportclearly.A.keepaway;eversinceB.notopen;untilC.bekeptclosed;ifD.beturnedoff;sothat7.Amy,youmaygoskatingafteryourhomework_________.A.hasfinishedB.willfinishC.isfinishedD.wasfinished四、非谓语动词：（一）单选1.“How_________yourtriptothecountry?”“Notbad.Anditwaslovely_________grandpaagain.” A.is;seeB.does;sawC.nice;toseeingD.was;tosee2.－Areyougoingtodivenow?－No,I’dprefer__________becausewedon’tknowthedepthofthewater.A.nottoB.togoC.liketoD.going3.Mywifeoftenforgets_________thedoor,butsheremembered_________itwhensheleftyesterday.A.closing;closeB.toclose;closeC.closing;tocloseD.toclose;closing4.I’llbesorry_________London.I’veenjoyedlivinghere.A.toleaveB.toliveC.stayinginD.visiting5.Thenaughtyboysweremade_________theirmathshomeworkthenextday.A.handingupB.handoutC.tohandinD.tohandingoff6.－Whydidn’tyoubuyanybreadonyourwayhome?－Sorry.Iforgot___________somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.takes7.Shewouldnotlethim____________anyhouseworkatall.A.todoB.doC.doingD.does8.Willyouplease___________me__________thisevening,Meimei?A.tohelp;towashclothesB.tohelp;cooksupperC.help;withthecookingD.help;doingsomewashing9.Couldyoushowus__________abike?A.howtomendB.whattobuyC.wheretogoD.howmanytobuy10.MissGaoaskedLinTao__________totheblackboard.A.cameB.comesC.comingD.tocome11.Mothertoldme___________someclotheslastnight.A.washB.towashC.washedD.washing12.Let’s__________atalkaboutlearningChinese.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have13.－Wherecanwegetavolleyball?－Let’s_________.A.lendonefromJohnB.lendJohnoneC.borrowoneofJohnD.borrowonefromJohn14.Ihopeyou__________tomeagain.A.towriteB.willwriteC.wroteD.writing15.Katespentmostofherfreetime__________TVplays.A.watchB.watchedC.towatchD.watching16.Thechildrenareoftenasked_________loudlyinthelibrary.Theymustkeepquiet.A.tospeakB.nottospeakC.don’tspeakD.notspeak 17.Theteachertoldus__________.A.don’tplayontheroadB.notbelateagainC.cometoschoolonfootD.tocrosstheroadcarefully18.Thankyoufor__________mesomuchhelp.A.togiveB.giveC.givingD.gave19.－I’msorryI___________myhomeworkathome.－That’sallright.Don’tforget______________ittoschoolthisafternoon.A.forget;totakeB.forget;tobringC.left;totakeD.left;tobring20.－Whyshallwestartsoearlytomorrowmorning?－To__________thetopofthehillbeforethesunrises.A.spendB.reachC.goD.get（二）用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1.Sometimeswefindher________（drive）thetractoronthefarm.2.LiLeiisaskinghisuncle,anEnglishteacher,_______（help）himthinkofaforeignname.3.－Hi!LiHong.Ididn’tseeyouattheparty.－Oh,Iwasbusy________（get）readyforthecomingexams.4.Whydidyoukeepyourbrother_________（wait）foralongtimethatevening?5.Whentheymetagain,theyweretooexcited________（say）aword.6.Hedidn’tfinish__________（write）thebookuntillastweek.7.Mywatchdoesn’twork.Itneeds__________（repair）.8.Howmuchtimedidyouspend_________（watch）TVlastnight?9.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate___________（cry）,todayhewasmade________（cry）byhisdeskmate.10.Thereareanumberofstudentswaitingtoget_________（examine）.五、完形填空：TheNewYorkCityMarathonwasstartedbyamannamedFredLebow.Itbeganin1970asasmall1race.Only127peopleran,andjust55ofthem2.TheyranaroundCentralParkfour3.4watchedthemrun.However,5theyearsthemarathongrewandbecamemorepopular.Todaypeoplecomefromallovertheworldto6themarathon.7mustbeatleast18yearsold,butthereisnoagelimit.Infactthe8runnerwasan89-year-oldman.Recently,morethan27,000peopleranintheNewYorkCityMarathon.Largecrowds9therunnersandofferedtheparticipants（参加者）10andencouragement.Thecourseofthemarathonhaschanged,too.Themarathon11atthebaseoftheVerrazanonarrowBridgeinStatehIsland,and12CentralParkinManhattan.Thecomplete13is26miles,385yards,and14thebestrunnerslessthan3hours.Inthefallof1992,FredLebow,the15oftheNewYorkCityMarathon, 16ranhis17race.Hewasvery18withcancer,buthedidnotwantto19running.InOctober1994,Freddied.However,theNewYorkCityMarathon,andall20excitement,willcontinueformanyyearstocome.（）1.A.importantB.popularC.excellentD.unimportant（）2.A.continuedB.failedC.finishedD.won（）3.A.timesB.milesC.daysD.kilometers（）4.A.ManypeopleB.FewpeopleC.LargecrowdsD.Thewholecity（）5.A.inB.duringC.sinceD.over（）6.A.runinB.workforC.cheerD.watch（）7.A.ServantsB.WorkersC.RunnersD.Visitors（）8.A.youngestB.oldestC.bestD.fastest（）9.A.helpedB.servedC.controlledD.cheered（）10.A.fastfoodB.coffeeC.colddrinksD.tea（）11.A.beginsB.endsC.windsD.continues（）12.A.pausesB.arrivesatC.finishesinD.reaches（）13.A.tripB.courseC.travelD.journey（）14.A.makesB.givesC.allowsD.takes（）15.A.founderB.loverC.joinerD.supporter（）16.A.swiftlyB.slowlyC.fastD.quickly（）17.A.firstB.eleventhC.lastD.twelfth（）18.A.easyB.seriousC.strictD.ill（）19.A.stopB.startC.goonD.joinin（）20.A.hisB.itsC.theirD.our六、阅读理解Whydon’tbirdsgetlostontheirlongflightsfromoneplacetoanother?Scientistshavepuzzledoverthisquestionformanyyears.Nowtheyarebeginningtofillintheblanks.Notlongago,experimentsshowedthatbirdsrely（依赖）onthesuntoguidethemduringdaylighthours.Butwhataboutbirdsthatflyatnight?Testswithartificial（人造的）starshaveprovedthatcertainnight-flyingbirdsareabletofollowthestarsontheirlong-distanceflights.Adovehadspentitslifetimeinacageandhadneverflownunderanaturalsky.Yetitshowedaninbornabilitytousethestarsforguidance.Thebird’scagewasplacedunderanartificialstarfilledsky.Thebirdtriedtoflyinthesamedirectionasthattakenbyhisoutdoorcousins.Anychangeinthepositionofthemake-believestarscausedachangeinthedirectionofhisflight.Scientiststhinkthatdoves,whenflyingindaylight,usethesunforguidance.Butthestarsareobviouslytheirprincipal（主要的）meansofnavigation（orflying）.Whatdotheydowhenthestarsarehiddenbyclouds?Obviously,theyfindtheirwaybysuchlandmarksasmountainranges,coastlines,andrivercourses.Butwhenit’stoodarktoseethese,thedovescirclehelplessly, unabletogettheirbearings（方位）.（）1.Thereasonwhybirdsdon’tgetlostonlongflights__________.A.isknownbyeverybodyB.stillremainsamysteryC.hasbeendiscoveredrecentlyD.hasbeenknowntoscientistsforyears（）2.Experimentsshowedthat________.A.birdsrelyonthesuntoguidethemB.birdsrelyonthestarstoguidethemC.birdsarelikelytogetlostiftherearen’tartificialstarsD.day-flyingbirdsrelyonthesunwhilenight-flyingbirdsrelyonthestars（）3.Theexperimentonthedoveindicated（表明）that_______.A.abirdthathasbeencagedwillnotflylongdistancesB.somebirdsseemtofollowthestarswhentheyflyatnightC.abirdhavingspentitslifetimeinacagehastobetaughthowtonavigateD.birdscanflyinthesamedirectionasthattakenbytheircousins（）4.Underartificialstars,thebirdinthecage_________.A.triedtoflyinthesamedirectionasbirdsnotcagedB.changeddirectionwhenthepositionofthestarswaschangedC.wouldnotflywellD.bothAandB（）5.Intotaldarkness,doves__________.A.circlehelplesslyB.uselandmarksC.findtheirwaybycloudsD.flybackhome [参考答案]http://www.DearEDU.com一.冠词1.C2.D3.C4.B5.D6.A7.B8.B9.A10.A11.A12.D二.情态动词1.A2.A3.D4.A5.A6.C7.B8.C9.C10.B11.B12.D13.A14.B15.A三.时态的呼应1.C2.C3.A4.B5.B6.D7.C四.非谓语动词（一）1.D2.A3.D4.A5.C6.C7.B8.C9.A10.D11.B12.D13.D14.B15.D16.B17.D18.C19.D20.B（二）1.driving2.tohelp3.getting4.waiting5.tosay6.writing7.repairing/toberepaired8.watching9.cry;tocry10.examed五.完形填空1.D2.C3.A4.B5.D6.A7.C8.B9.D10.C11.A12.C13.B14.D15.A16.B17.C18.D19.A20.B六.阅读理解1.C2.D3.B4.D5.A