中考英语语法精讲 形容词和副词教案 11页

2017中考英语语法精讲：形容词和副词【教学目标】掌握形容词和副词的位置，基本用法和比较等级【教学内容】I.形容词：表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用（1）形容词的位置：1．形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等，作定语时一般放在名词前。eg.Shehasshorthair．(作定语)Paulistall．(作表语)Wemustkeepourroomclean．(作宾补)2．形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。eg.Shehassomethingimportanttotellus．There’snothingwronginthesentence．（2）形容词作定语通常前置，但在有些情况下后置，如下表：1修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时nobodyabsent,everythingpossible2以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossible3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake4和空间、时间、单位连用时abridge50meterslong5成对的形容词可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful6形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith（3）多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：代词数词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词 代词所有格allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone（4）有关形容词的重要考点：（一）形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,或由some,any,no构成的不定代词时，把形容词后置。1.---Mum,Billiscomingtodinnerthisevening.---OK,Let’sgivehim______toeat.A.somethingdifferentB.differentanythingC.anythingdifferentD.differentsomething2.---Willyoupleasetellme_____inyourcity?---Withpleasure.IthinkWuQuanParkisworthvisiting.A.interestingsomewhereB.somewhereinterestingC.anywhereinterestingD.interestinganywhere（二）形容词作表语，放在系动词be,look,taste,smell,sound,get,become,turn,keep,seem后作表语。注意：taste,smell,sound+good.1.---Johnlooksso_______todaybecauseshegotan“A”inhermathstest.A.happyB.happilyC.angryD.angrily2.Don’teatthefood.Itsmells_______.A.badlyB.badC.goodD.well3.---I’mafraidthatIhaveabadcold.---Takethemedicineandyou’llfeel_______.A.healthB.bestC.goodD.better4.Thepearstaste______andsell______.A.well,goodB.well,wellC.good,wellD.good,good（三）形容词作keep,make,leave的宾语补足语。1.Tom,youmustkeepyourroom_______.A.totidyB.tidyingC.tidy 2.Weshouldkeepoureyes________whiledoingeyeexerciseA.closeB.closedC.openD.opened（四）exciting,interesting,surprising,amazing,---ing修饰物excited,interested,surprised,amazed,---ed修饰人1.Oct15thwasoneof________daysin2003.TheShenzhou-Vwassentupsuccessfully.A.excitingB.moreexcitingC.themostexcitingD.muchexciting2.HarryPotterisan_______bookforchildren,butmycousindoesn’tseematall______init.A.interesting,interestingB.interesting,interestedC.interested,interesting（五）形、副的比较级前可加much多；alittle一点；alot多；abit一点；even甚至，更加；far多；等起修饰作用。1.Theexperimentwas_______easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch2.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch_______nowthanafewyearsago.A.cleanB.cleanerC.cleanestD.thecleanest3.Thisyearourschoolis________thanitwaslastyear.A.muchmorebeautifulB.muchbeautifulC.themostbeautifulD.beautiful（六）形容词“越来越”的表达：a.单音节词：warmerandwarmer,colderandcolder.b.多音节词前加moreandmorebuantiful,moreandmoredifficultc.the+比较级+句子.1.Beijingisbecoming______and________.A.morebeautiful,moreB.beautiful,beautifulC.more,morebeautifulD.morebeautiful,morebeautiful2.Rememberboysandgirls._______youwork,_______resultyouwillget.A.Thebetter,theharderB.Theharder,.thebetterC.Theharder,thegood3.Whenwintercomes,thedaysget__________.A.shortandshortB.shorterandshorterC.longandlongD.longerandlonger （七）enough修饰形、副时把enough后置：1.---Mum,IthinkI’m______togetbacktoschool.---You’dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.A.sowellB.sogoodC.wellenoughD.goodenough（八）oneof+形容词最高级+复数；the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词1.Parisisoneof_______citiesintheworld.A.morebeautifullyB.morebeautifulC.themostbeautifulD.themostbeautifully2.Whoisthe______studentinyourclass?A.thirdtallestB.thirdtallC.threeshortD.thirdshort（九）good.well.fine.nice的区别：1.good作表语、定语。表示人品好或东西好。2.well形，只作表语（身体好）。副，作状语（好）。3.fine天气好。4.nice令人喜悦的“人”。（十）sick和ill都可以作表语，作定语时只用sick，不用ill。Thesickmanishisuncle.Hehasbeenillfortwodays.（5）．基础知识：作用：1.作定语用于名词前（对照：副词作状语用于动词后）Countrymusicisakindofsweetmusic.2.作表语：Itlooksgood.3.作宾补：Don’tmakeyourparentangry.whohasleftthedooropen?形容词前加the表一类人，谓语用复数theold,theyoung,therich,thepoor,thesick病人,thewounded伤员形容词前的修饰词的顺序：a(an)+修饰性形容词+size+shape+age+colour+出处+材料+用途+中心词名词变形容词：1.天气：cloud(y),sun(ny),wind(y),ice(y)2.称谓：friend(ly),mother(ly),brother(ly)3.表情感：care(ful),hope(ful),use(ful),luck(y)health(y),noise(y),care(less), hope(less).形容词比较级：1.标志than2.比较的对象一致：Mypencilislongerthanyours.Billrunsfasterthananyotherstudentinhisclass.3.一般加er,est4.以不发音e结尾加r,st5.双写：thin-thinner-thinnest,hot-hotter-hottest,fat-fatter-fattest6.辅音字母+y的变y为i+er,esteasy-easier-easiest7.双音节词加more,themostdifficult-moredifficult-mostdifficult.8.以后缀-ful结尾的形容词加more,themostuseful-moreuseful–themostuseful9.不规则：good/well-better,best；bad,ill/badly-worse,worst；many,much-more,most；little-less-least；far-farther-farthest。形容词最高级：1.标志：in(后不同类)；of(后同类)2.加est。（6)复合形容词的构成：1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-yearII.副词副词起修饰动词，形容词，其他副词或全句的作用，表示时间，地点，程度，方式或性质等。1．副词的种类(1)时间副词①表示大体时间：now，then，yesterday，today，tonight，before，justnow，recently，sO　faf②表示频率：always，usually，often，sometimes．seldom，never③其它作用：already，yet，late，early，soon，atonce，immediately，atfirst，atlast，finally(2)地点副词 ①表地点：here，there，home，abroad，upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere②表位置关系(后接宾语时，用作介词)：above，below，round，around，down，up，in，out，inside，outside，across，back，along，over，away，near，off,past(3)方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”，(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成)：badly，bravely，gratefully，calmly，carefully，carelessly，nervously，proudly，patiently，politely，sadly，properly，rapidly，wrongly，suddenly(4)程度副词多数用来修饰形容词或副词：much，(a)little，abit，very，sO，too，enough，quite,rather，completely，terribly，deeply，nearly，almost，hardly(5)疑问副词构成特殊疑问句：how，when,where，why(6)连接副词连接主语、宾语或表语从句：how，when，where，why(7)关系副词引导定语从句：when，where，why(8)其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明，一般用逗号与主句隔开：frankly(坦率地说，说真的)，generally(一般说来)，luckily(幸运地是)，firstofall(首先)等。2．副词的用法及位置(1)修饰动词作状语①多数位于动词之后，及物动词的宾语或介问的宾语之后。eg．Thefarmersareworkinghardinthefield．ShespeaksEnglishwell．Thenurselooksafterthebabiescarefully．②频度副词放在动词前，情态动词和助动词之后。eg．HealwaysgoestoschoolOnfoot．Shewasoftenlateforschool．IhaveneverbeentoBeijing·(2)修饰形容词作状语，放在形容词前。eg．Hehasaverynicewatch．Theboxistooheavy.(3)修饰另一副词作状语，放在另一副词前。eg．Shepaintsquitewell．Youspeaktoofast．Ican’tunderstandyou． (4)作表语，放在系动词后。eg．Isanybodyin?(5)作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。eg．Isawhimoutjustnow．(6)作定语，放在名词之后。eg．Thereisaman：hereOnvacation．(7)疑问副词、修饰整个句子的副词以及perhaps，first，sometimes，finally等副词，一般放在句首。eg．Finally，Ifinishedthework．Perhapshe’swatchingTVathome．(8)表示程度的副词一般放在被修饰词前，而enough则放在它所修饰的词后。eg.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool．3.某些副词在用法上的区别（1）already,yet,stillalready表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：We"vealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaven"tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.（2）too,aswell,also,eithertoo,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和aswell多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：Hewenttheretoo.Hedidn"tgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.(3)hard,hardlyhardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：Iworkhardeveryday.Icanhardlyrememberthat. (4)late,latelylately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：Henevercomeslate.Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?III．形容词和副词的比较等级1．比较级、最高级的构成(1)单音节和少数双音节词①一般在词尾加er或estgreat--greater——greatest，young——younger——youngest，slow→slower→slowest②以e结尾的只加r或stnice——nicer----nicest，large——larger—largest．③以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加er或estheavy——heavier——heaviest，easy——easier——>easiest，busy——busier——busiest，funny——funnier——+funniest，early——earlier→earliest④以重读闭音节结尾的词，先双写最末的一个辅音字母，再加er或estbig——bigger——biggest，thin——thinner——>thinnest，fat—)fatter→fattest，ht—)fitter→fittest(2)多音节和部分双音节词，前加more为比较级，加(the)most为最高级careful→morecareful——mostcarefuluseful——moreuseful——mostusefulpopular→morepopular→mostpopularcarelessly——morecarelessly——mostcarelessly(3)不规则变化的词good／well→better→bestbad／ill／badly→worse→worstmany／much→more→mostlittle→less→leastold→older／elder→oldest(指年龄大小)／eldest(指长幼顺序)far→farther／further→farthest(指距离)／furthest(指程度)2．形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法 (1)形容词和副词比较级的用法①用于两者比较，表示“比…更…”：“A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+B，eg．Iamtwoyearsolderthanmylittlesister．“A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+Ｂ：eg．Shegetstoschoolearlierthantheotherstudents．②用于两者之间的同级比较，表示“…和…一样”：“A+系动词+as+形容词原级+as+B，eg.Billisasfunnyashisfather．“A+谓语动词+as+副词原级+as+B”eg.LucyspeaksChineseaswellasLily.③表示甲在某方面不如乙：“A+系动词+notas／so+形容i司原级+as十B”eg．Thesebooksaren’tasinterestingasthose．“A+助动词／情态动词+not+谓语动词+aS／SO+B”eg．Shedidn’tsingsOwellthatnightassheusuallydoes．④表示某个范围内的两者相比：“A十动词十the+比较级+of短语(比较范围)”eg．Pennyisthetallerofthetwogirls．Penny是这两个女孩中较高的一个。⑤表示“越来越…”：“比较级+and+比较级”eg．Inspringthedaysaregettinglongerandlonger．在春天，白天变得越来越长。⑥表示“越…越…”：“the+比较级…the+比较级”eg．Themort：youpracticeusingEnglish，thebetteryou’lllearnit你英语练得越多，就会学得越好。①可以用much，far，even，abit，alittle，alot等修饰比较级表示程度，但决不可用very修饰。eg．TomisalittletallerthanMike．Tom比Mike稍高一点；itisevencoldertodaythanyesterday。今天甚至比昨天更冷⑧在比较级中，为了避免重复，可用that或those代替前面提到过的事情。eg．TheweatherhereismuchhotterthanthatOfourhometown．这儿比我的老家热得多。 Thepantsinthisshoparealotbetterthanthoseinthatshop.这家商店的裤子比那家商店的裤子质量好得多。(3)形容词和副词最高级的用法对三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时用最高级。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the，副词最高级前可加the，也可省掉the；后面可带of／in短浯来说明比较范围：“主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of短语／in短语”eg．SheistheyoungestOf　all．“A+谓语动词+(the)+最高级+of短语／in短语”eg．Lindadrawsmostcarefullyinherclass．典型例题分析：例1Tom"sfatherthinksheisalready____Ahighenough　BtallenoughCenoughhigh　Cenoughtall解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。例2____theworseIseemtobe.AWhenItakemoremedicineBThemoremedicineItakeCTakingmoreofthemedicineDMoremedicinetaken解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+…,the+形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。例3"Ihaven"tbeentoLondonyet"."Ihaven"tbeenthere____".Atoo　Balso　Ceither　Dneither解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。例4MrSmithwas____movedatthenews.Adeep　Bdeeply　Cverydeep　Dquitedeeply解析：该题正确答案为B。A.deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。【课内检测】详见导学案【作业布置】1.完成本节课的《同步练习》2.预习下一讲的导学案。