高一英语语法与词语练习题(含答案)必看_设计 51页

高一英语语法与词语练习题(含答案)必看高一英语语法与词语练习题含答案从A，B，C，D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Wewon’tgiveup_______weshouldfailtentimes.A.evenifB.sinceC.whetherD.until2.Theteacherspokeloudly_______thestudentscouldhearhimclearly.A.soasB.thatC.sothatD.inorderto3.Youcanhavethemagazine_______Ifinishreadingit.A.inthemomentB.themomentC.themomentasD.inthemomentwhen4._______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.ThepersonB.AnyoneC.WhoD.Whoever5.Thereason______hewaslateforschoolwas_______hehadtosendhismothertoahospital.A.that;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because6.Fathermadeapromise_______Ipassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeabicycle.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.thatif7._______youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether 1._______theoldman’ssonswantedtoknowwas______thegoldhadbeenhidden.A,That;whatB.What;whereC.What;thatD.What;if2.Itissaid____________wasall______hesaid.A.that;that;thatB.what;what;whatC.that;which;whatD.that;that;which3.Hetoldus______hehaddone.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?A.whatB.allthatC.thatD.allwhat4.Healwaysthinksof_______hecandomoreforthepeople.A.whatB.howC.ifD.whatever5.Themonitorsuggestedthatwe______forapicniconSunday.A.wentB.mustgoC.couldgoD.go6.______WangFenglookedaftertheoldwomanawholeyearmovedusall.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhenD.Why7.______getshomesfirstistocookthesupper.A.WhoB.WhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever8.Itdependson_______hehasenoughmoney.A.ifB.weatherC.ifornotD.whether9.Ourhometownisquitedifferentfrom______before.A.thatitwasB.whatitwasC.whichitwasD.whenitwas 1.Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublic______theydoanimportantjob.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which2.Thefact______hedidn’tseeLaoLiyesterdayistrue.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what3.Itisprettywellunderstood______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how4._______madetheschoolproudwas_______morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because5.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s_________.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited6._______DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.That’swhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhim_______happens.A.Whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whateverC.Nomatterwhat;nomatterwhatD.Whatever;however7.Someofthescientistsheldthepoint____________thebooksaidwasright.A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;thatD.that;what 1.Thereislittledoubt_______heradviceisofgreatervaluetous.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.if2.Thefactcameup_______specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose3.Iagreedtoaccept_______theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.A.whateverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whoever4.Sometimesweareasked______wethinkthelikelyresultofanactionwillbe.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whether5._______theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayedis______I’mespeciallyworriedabout.A.If;whatB.Whether;thatC.When;thatD.Whether;what6.Actually,girlscanbe______theywanttobejustlikeboys,whetheritisapilot,anurse,orageneralmanager.A.whoB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat7.Youshouldcompleteintime______theteacherhastoldyouto.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.after 1.Everyonecouldsee______washappeningand______Georgewasalreadyready.A.what;/B.what;thatC.that;thatD.that;/2.Thatwarmheartedwomanoftenhelps______isintrouble.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever3.______surprisedmemostwas______hewastoolatefortheimportantmeeting,forhewaschairmanofit.A.What;whyB.That;howC.What;howD.That;why4.Aman’sworthliesnotsomuchin_____hehasasin______heis.A.that;whatB.what;whatC.that;thatD.what;that5.Thedifficultywenowmeetwithis______wecanpersuadehimtotellthetruth.A.whyB.thatC.whatD.how6.Youhavebeenwalkingalongway,so_____isagoodrest.A.thatyoureallyneedB.thatyouarereallyneededC.whatyoureallyneedD.thatyouarereallyneeding7.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpassthefinalexaminationis______hewasn’tinterestedinstudy.A.thatB.becauseC./D.which8.I’vecometofindsomeone,butI’mnotsure______istheoneIwanttofind.A.whomB.whoeverC.whoD.whomever9.Iremember_______thisusedtobeaquietvillage. A.whenB.howC.whereD.what40.Aftermonthsofvoyage,Columbusarrivedin____laterprovedanewcontinent.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that41.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how42.Astorygoes____GeorgeW.Bushlikesnothingmorethanstartingwarsagainstpoorcountries.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that43.---Lookatwhatyouaredoing!---Ah,Iwonder_____thisbootwon’tfitme.I’vebeentryingtoputitonthewrongfoot.A.howB.ifC.whyD.that44.Allfinished,wesatdowntoenjoy____wethoughtthemostdeliciousdinner.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.it45.______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As46.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow_______I’vebeenupsofar,soIdecidedtosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how47.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit. A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich48.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,______ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how49.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter______thatI’mtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom50.Thetimeisnotfaraway_______moderncommunicationswillbecomewidespreadinChina’svastcountryside.A.asB.whenC.untilD.before51._______youdecidedtotakeup,youshouldtrytomakeitasuccess.A.IfonlyB.UnlessC.WheneverD.Whatever52.Thenewsthatwearegoingouting_______arushofexcitement.A.setoutB.setoffC.setaboutD.setdown53.In_______,thenorthernersarekeenondumplingswhilethesouthernersarefondofrice.A.commonB.generalC.totalD.particular54.Ourplancertainly_________;itwasagreatidea.A.paidoffB.paidbackC.carriedoutD.paidfor 参考答案：1-5:ACBDC6-10:DCBAC11-15:BDADD16-20:BCBCB21-25:AADAC26-30:DBDCB31-35:BCABD36-40:CACAC41-45:BDCCD46-50:CABBB51-54:DBBA高中英语必修5知识点词汇：Unit1:1.putforward:提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快e.g.Heputforwardagoodplanforthisproject.他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。Thematchhasbeenputforwardto1:30.比赛已经提前到一点半举行。Puttheclockforwardbytenminutes.把钟表拨快十分钟。【词语联想】Øputaway:收起来；贮存，储蓄 Øputdown:放下；写下，记下Øputoff:推迟；延期Øputon:穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g.putonweight:增加了体重putonanewplay:上演新戏剧Øputup:张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g.putupaposter:张贴海报putupatent:搭起帐篷2.conclude:v.作结论，断定e.g.Thejuryconcludedthathewasguilty.陪审团认定他有罪。conclusion:n.结论【习惯用语】★drawaconclusion作出结论3.defeatvt.打败,击败,战胜；使(希望,计划等)失败,挫败;阻挠,使无效 e.g.Hefinallyconcededdefeat.他最终承认了失败。◆区别:defeat,conquer,overcomeØdefeat指“赢得胜利”,尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g.defeattheenemy打败敌人。Øconquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,如:e.g.conquernature征服自然。Øovercome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言,如:e.g.overcomedifficulties克服困难。4.attend:v.1)tobepresentat;goto(meeting,conference,lecture...)出席；参加e.g.Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.他决定亲自赴会。2)tolookafter,carefor,serve照顾；看护。 e.g.Whichdoctorisattendingto(on)you?哪位医生护理你？3）togowith伴随e.g.Theworkwasattendedwithmuchdifficulty.这项工作带来许多困难。5.expose...to...e.g.Don"texposeyourskintothesunfortoolong.不要使你的皮肤暴露在太阳光下太长时间。Theyhadtobeexposedtotheenemy"sgunfire.他们不得不冒着敌人的炮火。6.blamesb.forsth.因为某事责备某人e.g.Heblamedtheboyforhismistake.★betoblame:应受责备，应负责任Whoistoblameforthemistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？ 7.inaddition:除此之外，另外,意思相当于besides,what"smoree.g.Ipaid100Yuaninaddition.我又付了100元。InadditiontoEnglish,hehastostudyasecondlanguage.除了英语以外，他还要学习第二外国语。◆区别:inadditionto,except,besides,besideØinadditionto：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。e.g.Thecompanyprovidedtheworkerswithfreelunchinadditiontopaidholidays.这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。Øexcept:除…之外，表示在整体中排除，e.g.Everyoneexceptmegotaninvitation.除了我以外,所有人都收到了请柬.Øbesides表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与inadditionto同义，e.g.BesidesMrWang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.王先生也去了。Weallagreedbesideshim.我们都同意,他也同意。 Øbeside:在…旁边。表示方位。e.g.Lilysitsbesidemeinclass.莉莉在班上做我旁边。同义句转换1）HespeaksFrenchaswellasEnglish.e.g.HespeaksFrenchinadditionto/besidesEnglish.2)Apartfromthesalary,it’snotabadjob.e.g.Inadditionto/Exceptthesalary,it’snotabadjob.8.announce:公布；宣告e.g.Heannouncedhisdecision.他宣布了他的决定。9.absorbv.1)吸收Aspongeabsorbswater.海绵吸水。【习惯用语】2）专心于★beabsorbedinsth:专心的，全神贯注的 Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。10.challengen.挑战;挑战书;邀请比赛;要求决斗vt.向...挑战,要求,怀疑;vi.挑战,对(证据等)表示异议e.g.meettheseriouschallenge面对严峻挑战Unit2:1.consistof＝bemadeupof由……组成(没有进行时）e.g.TheUKconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.＝GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandmakeuptheUK.2.区别:Øseparate...from(把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）Ødivide...into把…分开（把整体分为若干部分）e.g.Theteacherdividedtheclassintotwogroups. TheTaiwanStraitseparatesTaiwanfromFujian.3.debateaboutsth.e.g.Theydebateabouttheproposalforthreedays.debate/argue/quarrel4.clarify:vt./vi.(causesth.to)becomeclearoreasiertounderstand澄清；阐明;清楚；明了e.g.IhopewhatIsaywillclarifythesituation.Canyouclarifythequestion?5.belinkedto=beconnectedto/bejoinedto连接【习惯用语】★linkAtoB将A和B连接起来6.referto1)提及，指的是…… e.g.Whenhesaid“somestudents”,doyouthinkhewasreferringtous?2)参考；查阅；询问e.g.Ifyoudon"tunderstandawordyoumayrefertoyourdictionaries.Pleaserefertothelastpageofthebookforanswers.3)关系到；关乎e.g.WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.Thisrulereferstoeveryone.reference:n.参考e.g.referencebooks参考书7.toone"ssurprise(prep)“toone"s+名词”表“令某人……”常见的名词有“delight,disappointment,enjoyment,astonishment等e.g.Idiscovered,tomyhorror,thatthegoodswereentirelyunfitforsale.ToJohn"sgreatrelieftheyreachedthehouseatlast. 8....foundthemselvesunitedpeacefully“find+宾语＋宾补(adj;adv;v-ing;pp;介词短语；不定式）”e.g.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.You"llfindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theyfoundthemselvestrappedbythebushfire.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinhospital.Icalledonhimyesterday,butIfoundhimout.9.getsthdone=havesthdone使某事被做…….e.g.I"lljustgetthesedisheswashedandthenI"llcome.get+n.+todoget+n.+doingYou"llgethertoagree.I"llgetthecargoing.getdone:用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被…….”e.g.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet. 10.breakaway(fromsb/sth)脱离；破除…e.g.Itisnoteasyforhimtobreakawayfrombadhabits.Themanbrokeawayfromhisguards.breakdown(会谈)破裂，失败；(汽车等)出故障；(人的健康状况)变得恶劣；（情感）失控e.g.Hiscarbrokedownonthewaytoworkthismorning.Hishealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.Hebrokedownandweptwhenheheardthenews.Talksbetweenthetwocountrieshavecompletelybrokendown.Øbreakin闯入；打岔Øbreakoff中断，折断Øbreakinto闯入Øbreakout爆发;发生Øbreakup驱散；分散，拆散11.aswellas不仅…而且；既…又… e.g.Heisateacheraswellasawriter.Thechildrenaswellastheirfatherwereseenplayingfootballinthestreet.12.convenience:n.方便；便利e.g.Weboughtthishouseforitsconvenience.convenient:adj.13.attraction:1).吸引；引力(不可数n.)2).吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目(可数n.)e.g.attractionofgravitation重力Hecan"tresisttheattractionoftheseaonahotday.Abigcityoffersmanyandvariedattractions.Whataretheprincipleattractionsthisevening?attract:v.14.influence 1)v.对…产生影响e.g.Whatinfluenceyoutochooseacareerinteaching?2)可数n.产生影响的人或事e.g.Heisoneofthegoodinfluencesintheschool.3)(不可数n.)影响e.g.Ateacherhasgreatinfluenceoverhispupils.Unit3:1.impressionn.印记；印象；感想；后接ofsb./ofsth./onsb./that从句；e.g.Myfirstimpressionofhimwasfavourable.他给我的第一印象不错。Igottheimpressionthattheywereunhappyaboutthesituation.我觉得他们不满于当时的状况。知识拓展：impress v.给……留下深刻的印象；使铭记；使感动；常用结构有：impresssth.on/uponsb./impresssb.withsth.给……留下深刻的印象；使铭记；Itimpressedmethatsherememberedmyname.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。2.remindv.提醒；使想起；常用结构有:remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事；remindsb.＋(that)/wh-从句提醒某人……；使某人想起……；remindsb.about/ofsth.使某人想起或意识到……；提醒某人某事e.g.I"msorry,butI"veforgottenyourname,canyouremindme?很抱歉，我记不起你的名字，你能提醒我一下吗？Youremindmeofyourfatherwhenyousaythat.你说这样的话使我想起了你的父亲。知识拓展：remindern.提醒物；引起回忆的事物3.constantlyadv.始终；一直；重复不断地e.g.Fashionisconstantlychanging.时尚总是日新月异。知识拓展：constantadj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的； 4.previousadj.先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的e.g.Nopreviousexperienceisnecessaryforthisjob.这一工作无需相关的经验。Icouldn"tbelieveitwhenIheardthenews.Ihadonlyseenhimthepreviousday.听到这个消息时，我不敢相信；我就在前一天还见到过他。知识拓展：previouslyadv.先前的；早先e.g.Thebuildinghadpreviouslybeenusedasahotel.这座楼房早先曾用作旅馆。5.bendv.（bentbent）弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；常用搭配有:bendone"smind/effortstosth.致力于某事；bendsb.tosth.迫使；说服bendthetruth歪曲事实e.g.It"shardtobendanironbar.把铁棒弄弯很不容易。Shebentherheadandkissedherdaughter.她低下头吻了她的女儿。 6.pressv.压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促n.报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界e.g.Shepressedahandkerchieftohisnose.她用手绢捂住鼻子。Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedal.她用力踩下油门踏板。Heisstillpressingherclaimforcompensation.他仍坚持索赔。Thepresswas/werenotallowedtoattendthetrial.庭审谢绝新闻采访。7.switchn.&v.用作名词表示“开关；转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。e.g.Shemadetheswitchfromfull-timetopart-timeworkwhenherfirstchildwasborn.第一个孩子出生后，她就由全日工作改为非全日工作。Pressthesetwokeystoswitchbetweendocumentsonscreen.按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文件之间进行切换。Ican"tworknextweek,willyouswitchwithme?下个周末我不能上班，咱俩换个班好不好？ 8.lackn.&v.用作名词，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词，表示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足”。e.g.alackoffood/money/skills缺乏食物/金钱/技能Thetripwascancelledthroughlackofinterest.因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。Helacksconfidence.他缺乏信心。知识拓展：lackingadj.缺乏；没有；匮乏；不足9.surroundingsn.[pl.]环境；surroundv.围绕；环绕surroundingadj.周围的；附近的e.g.Everyonelikestoworkinpleasantsurroundings.人人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。启发学生思考问题，哪些单词用作名词时常用复数形式？10.catch/gain/getsightof发现，看出Ølosesightof看不见,忘记Øloseone"ssight失明 Øatfirstsight一见就；乍看起来Atfirstsight,theproblemseemseasy.Øat(the)sightof一看见就……Atthesightoftheteacher,theboyranaway.Øbeinsight看得见，在眼前Theislandisstillinsight.Øoutofsight看不见Outofsight,outofmind.11.takeuptofilloruseanamountofspaceortime占用（时间）；占据（空间）tolearntoorstarttodosth开始做（某项工作）；开始从事toacceptsth.thatisofferedoravailable接受（建议或能得到的东西）e.g.Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.这张桌子太占地儿。Theyhavetakenupgolf.他们学起打高尔夫球来了。Shetookuphisofferofadrink.他请她喝一杯，她接受了。Hetakesuphisdutiesnextweek.他下周就要开始履行职责。 12.sweepup打扫；清扫；横扫；涌向；快速地抱起e.g.Hesweptupthebabyupintohisarms.他一把将孩子抱进怀里。Unit4:1.concentratevi.聚精会神，集中思想，多与on和upon或连用Concentrateonyourwork.集中精神工作。e.g.Adrivershouldconcentrateontheroadwhendriving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。Industrialdevelopmentisbeingconcentratedinthewestofthecountry.这个国家的西部正集中发展工业。2.acquirevt.获得,学到，取得，拥有acquired,acquiringe.g.SheacquiredaknowledgeoftheEnglishbycarefulstudy.她认真学习而精通英语。 Somesmokingandalcoholicdrinksareanacquiredtasteandarenotinborn.抽烟喝酒往往是一种后来习得的嗜好，并不是生来就有的。3.accusesb.ofdoingsth.指责，指控accused,accusinge.g.Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.警方指控他谋杀。Sheaccusedhimlying.她指责他说谎.Hewaswronglyaccusedofstealing.他误遭控告犯偷盗罪.4.beofinterest/importance,value,use,help,...=interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful...e.g.Thisisamatterofgreatimportance.这是一件非常重要的事。Thebookisofgreatvaluetome.这本书对我来说有很大价值。Thereisnothinginteresting/ofinterestintoday"snewspaper.今天报纸上没有什么新鲜事。5.journalistn.新闻记者；新闻工作者 e.g.Heisaprofessionaljournalist.他是一位专门的新闻从业人员6.delighteda.高兴的,快乐的e.g.Iamreallydelighted.我真的很高兴。【词语联想】delightn.高兴,愉快；vt.使高兴,乐于；vi.感到高兴(或愉快、快乐)e.g.Singingisherchiefdelight.唱歌是她的主要爱好。【习惯用语】Øtakedelightin喜爱,以...为乐Øfinddelightin喜爱,以...为乐Øhavedelightin喜爱,以...为乐Øtosb."sdelight令人高兴的是...7.assistn.帮助,协助；vt.帮助,促进；vi.协助,参加【习惯用语】 Øassistsb.withsth.帮助某人[做某事]Øassistsb.todosth.帮助某人[做某事]Øassistsb.indoingsth.帮助某人[做某事]◆区别:help,aid,assist都含"帮助"、"援助"的意思。Øhelp系常用词,意义较aid,assist强,指"以积极态度给予各方面的帮助",强调"受助者得到帮助或好处",并着重"受助者对帮助的需要"e.g.Pleasehelpmearrangethesepapers.请帮我整理这些文件。Øaid属较正式用语,强调"帮助受助者脱离困难或危险",有时意味着"强者援助弱者"e.g.Theyaidedfloodvictims.他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。Øassist是正式用语,多指"在提供帮助时,帮助者起次要或起协助作用"e.g.Sheassistedhiminhisexperiments. 她协助他做实验。8.casen.情况，事实e.g.Isthatthecase？是这么回事吗？【习惯用语】Øahardcase无可救药或顽固不化的人;难对付的人、处境困难或可怜的人、难办的事;难治之症、古里古怪冒冒失失的家伙Øasisoftenthecase这是常有的事Øinanycase无论如何,总之Øincaseof万一...,如果发生...Øinnocase决不ØinthatcaseØinthiscase假如这样的话ØItisnotthecase…情况不是这样;并非事实。ØThisisnotthecase…情况不是这样;并非事实。ØThatisnotthecase…情况不是这样;并非事实。 Øjustincase以防(万一)Unit5：1.firstaid的意思是“急救”，例如：firstaidtotheinjured给予伤员的急救。短语联想give/offeraid援助cometosb"said帮助某人teachingaids教具medicalaid医疗救护withtheaidof借助于getinjured受伤，在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get+及物动词不达意的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫get-型被动语态。又如：Thecomputergot(was)damagedwhenweweremoving.我们搬家的时候，电脑碰坏了。Mybikeisgetting(isbeing)repairedrow.我的自行车正在修理。 2.Protect动词，“保护、维护”，用于句式“protect+名词+against/from+名词”。例如：e.g.Heiswearingsunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.他带着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。【短语联想】ØKeep...from...不让/避免Østop...(from)...阻止Øprevent...(from)...妨碍/防止Ødisable...from...使……失去（能力/资格）Øsave...from...挽救、拯救3.dependon取决于。例如：e.g.Theamountyoupaydependsonwhereyoulive.你付多少取决于你住哪里。词义拓展 dependon依靠，依赖：Hisfamilydependsonhim.他的一家人全靠他养活。依赖，信任：WearedependingonyoutofinishthejobbyFriday.我们相信你在星期五前能完成这项工作。4.squeeze动词，意思是“榨取”、“挤出”，例如：squeezeanorange榨橘子常用句式squeeze+名词+out(of/from)+名词，例如：e.g.Thoseblackmailersintendedtosqueezemoremoneyoutofhim.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多的钱。overandoveragain再三地。例如：I’vetoldyouoverandoveragainnottodothat.我再三告诫你不要那样做。 5.hurt既可作及物动词，作“伤害”、“使受伤”解，也可作不及物动词，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表达身体的受伤，也可以表达情感的伤害。例如：e.g.Thelittleboyhasfallenoffaladderandhurthimself.小男孩从梯子上摔了下来受了伤。Thedriverhurthimselfintheaccident.司机在事故中受了伤。6.unless除非……；如果不……。如：7.icyadj.冰凉的-y是个形容词后缀。如：windy有风的hilly多小山的sleepy困倦的greeny略呈绿色spicy辛辣的woody树木茂密的thirsty饥渴的dirty脏的snowy下雪的8.inplace放在适当的地方。如： e.g.Thelibrarianputthereturnedbooksinplace.图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。Yon"dbetterputthingsbackinplace.Otherwise,itwillbedifficulttofindthings.你最好把你的东西各就各位，不然很难找。9.sensen.感觉Øsenseoftouch触觉senseofsight视觉Øsenseofhearing听觉senseofsmell嗅觉Øsenseofhumour幽默感senseofbeauty美感Øsenseofhunger饥饿感thesixthsense第六感10.varietyn.多样,种类,【习惯用语】★avarietyof…各种各样……【词语联想】variousa.不同的,各种的,多方面的,许多的 e.g.Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyforvariousreasons.由于种种原因,每个人赴会都迟到了。语法：一、过去分词过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。1.作定语作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.Thisisabookwrittenbyaworker.2.作表语 过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。Iwaspleasedatthenews.Thedoorremainedlocked.过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted,disappointed,astonished,interested,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried,excited,married等。过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点；被动结构强调谓语动作。Thesmallvillageissurroundedbytrees.（状态）Thesmallvillagewassoonsurroundedbyenemysoldiers.（动作）I"minterestedinchess.（状态）3.过去分词做状语①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 AcceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Exhausted,thechildrenfellasleepatonce.由于太累了，孩子们马上就睡着了。Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。Heated,waterchangesintosteam.如果加热的话，水会变成水蒸气。Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。⑤表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。Surroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.被学生包围着，那位老教师走进了教室。Thetrainerappeared,followedbyfivelittledogs.教练出现了，身后跟着五条狗。倒装句：一、here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。Theregoesthebell.铃声响了。Thencamethechairman.主席来了。Hereisyourletter.你的信。二、否定词置于句首，句子应进行倒装。 ·nor,neither放句首Todcan"tswim,neithercanI.托德不会游泳，我也不会。·用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,often,atnotime,notonly,notonce,manyatime等词开头的句子。NevershallIgothereagain.我再也不去那了。Littledidheknowwhothewomanwas.他基本上不知道那女人是谁。Seldomwashelateforclass.他很少上学迟到。·用于nosooner...than...,hardly...when...和notuntil...的句型中HardlyhadIreachedthestationwhenthetrainleft.我刚到车站,火车就离开了。Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanthephonerang.她刚离开,电话就响了。Notuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishhishomework.直到老师来，他才完成作业。 三、用于only放句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子。OnlyinthiswaycanyoumasterEnglishwell.只有这种方法，你才能学好英语。Onlythattimedidhedohishomework.直到哪个时间，他才做作业。OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroubleIwasin.直到他告诉我，我才意识到我有了什么样的麻烦。省略句：一、省略的目的省略多见于非正式文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：1．避免重复，减少累赘省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。 Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn"tcometoschooltoseemethenextday.Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn"t.迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。（省掉最后九个词，句子简洁了许多）2．连接紧密，结构紧凑省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。Johnwasthewinnerin1994andBobin1998.约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。（Bob后省略了wasthewinner，句子结构显得比较紧凑）3．强调重点，突出信息省略的另一作用是突出新的信息Truthspeakstoolow,hypocrisytooloud.真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。（后一分句省略谓语speaks，突出了tooloud）二、句子成分的省略 为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。1．省略主语Begyourpardon.请你原谅。（=Ibegyourpardon.））Servesyouright.你活该（=Itservesyouright.）2．省略谓语Anythingthematter?要紧吗？（=Isanythingthematter?）Theriverwasdeepandtheicethin.河很深，冰很薄。（=Theriverwasdeepandtheicewasthin.）3．省略表语Areyouready?Yes,Iam.你准备好了吗？我准备好了。 （am后面省略了表语ready）4．省略宾语Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我们必须分析问题并解决问题。(analyze后省略了宾语problems)Let"sdothedishes.I"llwashandyou"lldry.我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes）5．省略定语Hespentpartofthemoney,andtheresthesaved.他花了一部分钱，其余的都存了起来。（therest后面省略了定语ofthemoney）6．省略状语（Even）Thewisestmancannotknoweverything. 即使最聪明的人也不可能无所不知。省略在句子中的应用在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。1．简单句中的省略依赖上下文的省略在对话中最为常用。Likemorebeer?再要点啤酒吗？（=Wouldyoulikemorebeer?）—WorldyoumindifIusedyourtelephone?用一下你的电话，你介意吗？—Notatall.一点也不。（=Idonotmindatall.）—Willhepassthisexamination?他这次考试会通过吗？ —Probably.大概会的。（=Hewillprobablypasstheexamination.）不依赖于上下文的省略。Allaboard!请上船。（=Allgoaboard.省略谓语）Haven"tseenyouforages!好久不见了！（省略主语I）Whatabouthavingagameofchess?下盘棋怎么样？Soundslikeagoodidea.听上去是个好主意。2．并列句中的省略（=Itsoundslikeagoodidea.省略主语）Everybodyappearswellprepared.看起来大家都准备好了。（=Everybadyappearstobewellprepared.省略不定式tobe） 并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、宾语或其他万分，或句子万分的一部分。省略出现在后一分句Johnlikescollectingstampsbut(John)hateslisteningtomusic.约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。（省略主语）省略出现在前一分句Wecan(wintomorrow"smatch),andcertainlywill,wintomorrow"smatch.我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。（前一分句省略谓语+宾语）前后两个分句都出现省略Theycan(paythefullfee)and(they)shouldpaythefullfee.复合句中的省略在主从复合句中，活力的现象是很普遍的。省略主句的句首部分。（I"m）SorryIcouldn"tgo. 很抱歉，我不能去。省略整个主句或主句的一部分（回答问题时常用）。（Itisa）Pityhe"sfailed.很遗憾，他失败了。Ifhesayshe"llcome,hewill(come).3．在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。以when,while,once,until等连词引导的时间状语从句。When(youare)inRomedoasRomedoes.入国问禁，入乡随俗。4．在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。省略谓语的全部JamesenjoysthetheeartremorethanSusun.詹姆斯比苏姗更喜欢戏剧。 TomhasasmanybooksasJack.汤姆有跟杰克一样多的书。省略主语和谓语的一部分BrownspeaksFrenchasfluentlyasEnglish.布朗说法语和英语一样流利。（as后省略了hespeaks）省略表语部分MrsWhiteisnotsoyoungasshelooks.怀特夫人没有看上去那样年轻。（looks后省略了young）省略主语和谓语的大部分，保留状语Heisworkingharderthanbefore.他现在工作比过去努力多了。（than后省略了heworkedhard）省略主语Hedrankalittlemorethanwasgoodforhim.他喝酒稍有一点过量。（than后省略了it）省略宾语YouspentmoremoneythanIhadexpected. 你花掉的钱比我预料的多。（expected后省略了thatyoushouldspend）省略从句的全部Youaregettingslimmer.你越来越苗条了。（simmer后省略了thanyouwerebefore）主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。Thesooner(thisisdone),thebetter(itwillbe).高中英语必修5短语、重点句子 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