初中英语语法专题讲解（可用作中考英语一轮专题复习）-初中语法-定语从句 10页

完美WORD格式定语从句一、定语的概念：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)abeautifulgirl（）ashoefactory（）Jim’sfather()ourteacher()themaninthecar（）themanstandingatthedoor（）themanwhoistalkingwithSam（）二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1．定语从句：2.定语从句的主要特征：在句中起定语作用，相当于形容词，修饰某一代词或名词或整个主句的从句。1.先行词(Antecedent)：定语从句所修饰的词。2.关系词(Relatives)：连接主句与从句的词并在定语从句中充当某一句子成分。3.定语从句所缺句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、状语。Thegirl（先行词）who（关系词）standsunderthetreeismysister.三、定语从句的基本用法：（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.  正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。分析：先行词theboys在从句中作主语。Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrow范文.范例.指导.参考 完美WORD格式morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。    YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.    昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。    Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.       那就是教我们物理的老师。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Youneedn’ttalktothepeoplewhoyoudon’tliketalkingto.分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.     李明正是我想要见的男孩。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.     你正在等的教授已经来了。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。    注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。        Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.  。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.  译成汉语：_________________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Ilostthebookwhosecoverwasblue.我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。范文.范例.指导.参考 完美WORD格式分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacethesouth.译成汉语:_________________________注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.＝Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?＝Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow? 自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose+名词＝___________________________4．which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.  足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.  制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.  译成汉语:____________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.  湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.       译成汉语：___________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.  他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。5．that引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesone范文.范例.指导.参考 完美WORD格式million.  每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?  我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thepersonthat//youintroducedtomeisverykind.  你介绍给我的那个人很友好。Theseasonthat/comesafterspringissummer.  春天以后的季节是夏季。YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/_______camefromAustralia.  昨天我收到了一封来自澳(二)关系副词引导的定语从句1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/at+which代替。    IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.    我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。    分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.      我们团聚的时刻终于到了。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.      1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。把这个句子改成两个简单句：___________________________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。 Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.      你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？把这个句子改成两个简单句：___________________________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。范文.范例.指导.参考 完美WORD格式2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/atwhich代替。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn. 上海是我出生的城市。把这个句子改成两个简单句：___________________________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。把这个句子改成两个简单句：___________________________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughttheenemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。注意：当先行词是situation,occasion,point时，且又在从句中作状语时，常用where来引导定语从句。Sometimesyouwillfindyourselfinasituationwhereyoufeltveryembarrassed（尴尬）.Hehasreachedapointwherenobodycancomparewithhim.3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。常可用forwhich来代替。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday. 译成汉语：____________________    注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：    Fromtheyearswhen(=______________)hewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.      范文.范例.指导.参考 完美WORD格式自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Iwillneverforgetthemomentwhen(=______________)theblindstudentsmovedus.    Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere(=______________)theylive.      他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。    Thereasonwhy(=______________)herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.      他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定语从句举例：注意：在非限制性定语从句中，有时which所指代的先行词是前面的整个句子。XiaoLicametoseemeoff,whichwasverykindofher.Hedidn’tpasstheexam,whichsurprisedus.五．定语从句考查重点：（一）定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which指物。（指人时可以用who/whom）1.当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。2.当先行词是不定代词everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,范文.范例.指导.参考 完美WORD格式little,some,much等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。3.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时。4.当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。5.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。(二)不用that的情况　　(1)在引导非限定性定语从句时。　　(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.　　　(2)介词后不能用。　　　Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.　（三）关系代词的省略：Thefactorywevisitedyesterdaywasreallyold.(请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置)ThemanyoujusttalkedtowasmyEnglishteacher.(请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置)当关系代词在从句中作_________时可以省略。（四）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.＝Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.＝Thisistheboy________________Iplayedtennisyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.＝We’llgotohearthefamoussinger________________wehaveoftentalked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。注意：１．含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。范文.范例.指导.参考 完美WORD格式３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。（四）当先行词被oneof修饰时，若oneof前有theonly，则从句的谓语动词用单数，没有的话则用复数。Heisoneofthestudentswho________neverlate.译成汉语：________________________Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________neverlate.译成汉语：_________________（五）先行词是时间却不用when引导，先行词是地点却不用where引导，先行词是原因却不用why引导。Iwillneverforgetthedays________weclimbedthemountaintogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays________wespenttogether.Wevisitedthehouse_______LuXunusedtolive.Wevisitedthehouse_______LuXunusedtolivein.Thisisthereason_______hewasunhappy.            Thisisthereason_______heexplainedtome.（六）当先行词被such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。thesame…as；such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。　　　Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.    CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.    Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.3.    Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.4.    Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?5.    MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.6. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?二、请把下面的句子连成一个定语从句1、1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.范文.范例.指导.参考 完美WORD格式2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.三、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.       Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.       Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.       Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.       Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.       Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.       Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.       Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.       Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.       Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.   Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.   Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.范文.范例.指导.参考 完美WORD格式12.   Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.   Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.14.   Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.   Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.   Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.   Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.   Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.19.   Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.范文.范例.指导.参考