名词单复数的讲解-小学英语语法 6页

小学英语语法集训之一:第一课名词I.名词分类：可数名词不可数名词1、 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词——数不清（没有复数）例如：drinkmilk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefoodrice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词单数前面加不定冠词a(an)，表示一个，有复数形式，表示复数概念，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式many“很多”+可数名词复数much“很多”/alittle“一点”+不可数名词some,any,alotof(lotsof)两者都可以修饰。3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词表示数量时需要用 数词+量词+of+名词对可数名词的数量提问用howmany对不可数名词的数量提问用howmuch4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：1）some,much,alittle,alotof ,abitof,plentyof用等表示多少。注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：plentyof,some,alotof,lotsof ,mostof等。例：Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.I"lltellyoumuchgoodnews.weshouldcollectsomeusefulinformation.2）用单位词表示。用a...of表示。如　acupof（　一杯......），abottleof（一瓶......）　　apieceof（　一张......），apairofshoes（一双鞋）如twocupsoftea（两杯茶）,fivepiecesofpaper（五张纸）注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式；千、百等数词与名词加用，表示复数时，数词仍保持单数，名词变复数。如twohundredstudents（200名学生）　　tenthousandtrees（10000棵树）考点Hecaughtalotoffish他抓到了许多鱼（此处为许多条鱼，fish的复数仍为fish）5、可数名词分为单数和复数。名词单数就是该词本身，在其前面加a或an。1）单数如adesk（一张桌子）　　anolddesk（一张旧书桌）2）复数：要表示一个以上概念时，要用名词复数形式规则变化1）一般情况下加-s　如book—books,　desk—desks,  cat-cats,   bed-beds2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es如box—boxes,　bus—buses,  brush-brushes,  watch-watches注意①以th结尾加-s,month--months②stomach--stomachs3)以辅音字母+结尾，变y为i再加-es。如city--cities(城市) country--countries(国家)注意以元音+y，直接加s。如：day--days(天)，boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾，复数变f或fe为v再加-es 如knife-knives(书), half-halves(一半)(thief,wife,life,shelf,knife,leaf,self,half,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s，如roof-roofs(屋顶)5)以o结尾(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s如piano-pianos(钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos(照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero两种方式都可：zero-zeros或zeroes(零)不规则变化1)元音字母发变化。如man--men(男人)，woman--women(妇女)tooth--teeth(牙齿) ，foot--feet(脚)mouse--mice(老鼠) ，policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)2)词尾发生变化。如child--children(小孩) ，ox--oxen(公牛)3)单、复数形式相同。如fish--fish(鱼)，sheep--sheep(绵羊)，deer--deer(鹿)，Chinese--Chinese(中国人)，yuan--yuan(元)，jinn--jinn(斤) 注意不说anEnglish，要说anEnglishman.①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。4)形似单数，实为复数意义。如people(人，人们)thesepeople(不说apeople，可说aperson)police(公安，警察)tenpolice(不说apolice，可说apoliceman)5)由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。如amandriver-mendrivers(男司机)awomandoctor-womendoctors(女医生)6)合成名词变为复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)busdriver-busdrivers(汽车司机)注意如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。如：grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)letter-box-letter-boxes(信箱)注意①hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果，则需用这两个词的复数形式。如wouldyoulikesomemorefruit? 你要不要再吃点水果？weboughtalotoffruitfromthemarket. 我们从市场上买了许多水果，chinahassomegoodfrits. 中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)shehasafewwhitehairs. 她有几要白头发。hisblackhairisgoingwhite. 他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。注意②wind,snow和rain这类词，有时也可以有复数形式，表示多次的风、雪或雨。注意以boy和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时，一般只把后一名词变成复数。如 boystudent-boystudents(男学生)girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)7)有些名词只有作复数。如scissors(剪刀)apairofscissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子);shorts(短裤);jeans(工装裤);scales(天平),sunglasses(太阳镜);名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词，其复数形式通常与简单名词一样，即把man(woman)改成men(women)。如Englishman--Englishmen(英国人)  Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法国妇女)注意German不是复合词，它的复数是Germans。练习：一．写出下列名词的复数形式1.this______    2.watch______    3.child______   4.photo______   5.diary______  6.day______   7.foot______    8.dress______  9.tooth______10.sheep______    11.box______    12.peach______    13.sandwich______    14.man______     15.woman______    16.city______    17.zoo______18.country______    19.mouse______   20.car______    21.fox______22.tree______    23.horse______    24.bus______     25.leaf______26.life______    27.thief______    28.book______    二．按要求填入单词的适当形式1.Two______liveinthisbuilding.(family)2.Lookatthose_______.(child)3.Icanseea______standingnearthedoor.(policeman)4.Therearesome______onthetable.(glass)5.Wouldyoulikesome______?(bread)6.Ihavetwo______.(sister)7.Ilike______.(cat)8.Doyouwantsome______forsupper?(potato)9.Hehastwo______.Oneisold,theotherisnew.(watch)10.Inautumn,youcanseealotof______ontheground.(leaf)11.Ihavetwo_______. (knife)12.Therearetwo______inthezoo.(fox)13.Therearemany______ontheroad.(bike)14.Afew_____aredrawingonthewall.(child)15.The_____areplayingfootballnow.(student)16.Pleasetaketwo______forme.(photo) 17.Ilikethered_______.(tomato)18.Wouldyoupleasecleanyour______now?(tooth)19.Doyouwantsome______?(milk)20.Thereareten____________inourschool.(Englishteacher)三．选择下列正确的单词或词组。1.Doyoudrinkmuch(milk,milks)?2.Ivisited(Tom,Tom’s)houseyesterday.3.Hehadtwo(cup,cups)oftea.4.Thisis(TomandMary’s,Tom’sandMary’s)house.5.Givemea(pieceof,X)paper,please.6.Idon’twant(a,an)oldcap.7.Lookatthose(sheep,sheeps).8.Thereare36(boys,boies)inmyclass.9.Howmany(radioes,radios)canyousee?10.Thatbagismy(father’s,father’sbag).四．将下列句子变成复数形式。1.Thisisaknife.________________________________2.Thatisatomato.__________________________________3.Thatchildisverylovely._______________________________4.AnEnglishmanstoodthere.______________________________五.写出下列名词和词组的所有格1.asister______________________2.aboy___________3.today_______4.ababy_______5.acamel______6.men_______7.birds_______ 8.twodays_______9.JohnandMary（两人共有的）_______10.JohnandMary（两人各自所有的）_________________六．选择1.The_____innearourhouseareverybeautiful.A.cloth  B.water   C.flowers2.TomisoneoftheChinese_____inourschool.A.boy   B.toys   C.boies3.Acathasfour_____,doesn’tit?A.foots   B.feet   C.feets4.Therearethree_____andfive_____intheroom.A.American,Japanese   B.Americans,Japanese   C.American,Japanese5.Canyouseenine_____inthepicture?A.fish    B.books   C.horse6.The_____hastwo_____.A.boy;watch   B.boy;watches   C.boys;watch7.The_____areflyingbacktotheircountry.A.Germany  B.Germanys   C.Germans8.Thegirlbrushesher_____everydaybeforehegoestobed.A.tooths   B.teeth   C.teeths9.Isawmany______inthestreet.A.peoples    B.people   C.people’s10.Thegreenshirtishis_____.A.brother    B.brothers    C.brother’s11.Theycomefromdifferent_____.A.country   B.countries   C.acountry   D.countrys12.Howmany_____doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatos  B.tomatoes   C.tomato   D.thetomato 13.Theyare_____.  A.womanteachers   B.womenteachers    C.womenteacherD.womanteacher14.Wouldyoulike_____,please?A.twoglassofwater   B.twoglassesofwater   C.twoglassofwaters    D.twoglassesofwaters15.Therearesome_____inthese_____.A.knifes  pencil-boxes   B.knives  pencils-boxC.knives   pencil-box    D.knives  pencils-boxes16._____you_____byair.A.Greens,travelling   B.TheGreen,travelingC.TheGreens,travel   D.TheGreens,traveling17.Iwonderwhy____areinterestedinactionfilms.A.thepeople   B.people   C.peoples   D.thepeoples18.Thereisno_____intheplate.A.apples   B.oranges   C.rice    D.eggs19.Myunclehasthree_____.A.child   B.childs   C.children    D.childrens七.用’s或s’替换下列词组1.thelegoftheboy_______________2.thekeyofthegirl_____________________3.thetailofthecat__________________4.thefriendofmyfather’s________________5.thetoysoftheboy_______________________6.thesongsofthebirds_______________________7.Theservantsofthequeen_______________________8.theshirtsofthemen_____________________________9.theviolinofthegirl__________________________10.thepenofJohn_____________________________