初二英语语法不定式详解及习题 4页

初二英语语法：动词不定式详解及习题一..不定式的构成：to+动词原形二不定式的特征：不定式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词，形容词，和副词的特征，可以在句子中作主语，表语，宾语。宾语补足语，定语，和状语。现将用法归纳如下。（一）、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+名词(forsb)todosth(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth(4)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.句式注意：当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用Itis…to…的句型(对)Toseeistobelieve.　百闻不如一见。(错)Itistobelievetosee.It"sforsb.和It"sofsb.1)forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult,　interesting,impossible等：It"sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2)ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。It"sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。（二）、动词不定式作宾语1.Hewantstobuysomevegetables.2.Don"tforgettobringyourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.3.Hefounditverydifficult______.常接不定式作宾语的动词;want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面Sb+V+it（形式宾语）+agj（形容词）+to+V（宾语）注意无BE动词。(三)、动词不定式作宾语补足语MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriendstocookChinesefood.HefounditverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面Sb+V+it（形式宾语）+agj（形容词）+to+V（宾语）注意无be动词。(四)、动词不定式作状语.Shewenttovisitherteacher.go，come，try，do/tryone"sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。be+形容词+todosth＂结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。too+形容词/副词(forsb)todo…＂(太……而不能……)和＂enough(forsb)todo…＂(足以、足够……做……)结构中，不定式作结果状语。sosuch.........that........如此......以致......的用法及与其它句型的互换.A.SbSth+beV+so+adjadv(aan+adj+n)+that+can"tcouldn"t.........=SbSth+beV+too+adjadv(for+SbSth)+to+V...........如此......以致....=太而.....不能..... B、.sothatto=inorderto+V动词that+从句......为了以便于......C、.SbSth+be+so+adj形容词＋aan+nV+adv副词(so+littlemanymuch....such+aan+adj+n名形容词+名词)+that+canould=.SbSth+beV+adjadv+enough足够的+to+V.....如此.....以致于.....=......足够.......干..........如：他太年轻了而不能去上学。A.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.B.Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschoolC．Heisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.D.Heissoayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool（五）、动词不定式作定语Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。(六)、动词不定式作表语（体现形容词的特性）Mydreamistobeateacher.注意：不带to的动词不定式在see，watch，hear，feel等感官动词和make，have，let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在＂。。。hadbetter+V/not+V最好干。。。＂后面接不带to的不定式。四。动词不定式的否定形式］动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.五、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：＂stoptodosth＂意为＂停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事＂，＂stopdoingsth＂意为＂停止正在做的事＂：＂remembertodosth＂意为＂记住去做某事＂(事还未做)，＂rememberdoingsth＂意为＂记得做过某事＂(事已做)：＂goontodosth＂意为＂接着做某事＂(做完一事，接着做另一事)，＂goondoingsth＂意为＂继续做某事＂(一事未做完接着往下做)：＂forgettodosth＂意为＂忘了做某事＂(事还未做)，＂forgetdoingsth＂意为＂忘了曾做过某事＂(事已做)。六、另外注意1）、带双宾语的及物动词，如：give…Sth..toSb,.send…..to.bring…..totake…..toteach…..towant…..to..lend….to…,show....to...etcto可以作介词用+人/物/地点,大部分带双宾语的动词是接to+Sb（间接宾语），而cook/buyreadSthfor+Sb初二英语语法之——动词不定式练习题1.It"sourduty_________theroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans2.It"shardforus_________Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning3.It"sverynice______youtogetmetwotickets______theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to4.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys5.Don"tforget_____yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking 6.Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep7.Robertoftenasksus____hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith8.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked9.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing10.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns11.I"msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear12.I"msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled13.Mymotherwasveryglad____heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets14.Wouldyoulikesomething______?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks15.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo16.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith)17.Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered18.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem___verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel19.Yourfatherissleeping.You"dbetter______.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup20.Iwasmade_____myhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC.todoD.did21.MrBlackaskedtheman______thequeue.A.nottojumpB.tonotjumpC.didn"tjumpD.notjump22.Theoldmantoldthechild______noisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot23.Thereisgoingto______animportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry______late.A.have，nottobeB.have，notbeC.be，nottobeD.be，notbe24.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has25.——Whydidn"tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took26.——Let"shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican"tstop______theletters. A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite27.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplane______overmyhead.A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly28.Awomansawit______whenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen29.——Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?——Yes,______.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I"dliketo30.—Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithus?—Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.No,Ican"tB.Yes,I"mglad　C.Yes,I"dlovetoD.I"dlike