【5A版】初中英语语法动词时态课件.ppt 20页

动词时态 初中阶段8种时态：一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去将来时 (1)一般现在时:表示经常反复发生的动作.e.g.Theyoftenspendtheirholidaysinthesouth.常搭配的时间状语:alwaysoftenusuallysometimesseldomneverfromtimetotimenowandthen(偶尔)everydayevery….onceaweek2.表示状态:e.g.Heisbusyatthemoment.3.表示客观真理,谚语,格言.e.g.Thesunsetsinthewest. 4.用与时间或条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时:e.g.Iwillbehappyifyouallcome.Wewillgowhenhecomes.(2)现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作.e.g.Heiswalkingtowardstheplane.2.表示目前一阶段正在进行(但说话时不一定在进行)的动作:e.g.Wearewritingapaperthesedays. 一般现在时与现在进行时的区别进行时强调动作正在进行,而现在时强调动作的经常和反复,或特征,这类动作没有时间性的.某些表示感官知觉的动词如:see,hear,smell,taste等表示感觉,用一般时,不用进行时.e.g.Doyouseeaplaneinthesky?注意:1)feel可以用一般时和进行时表示说话时的感觉:e.g.Iamnotfeelingwelltoday.Howareyoufeelingtoday?Ifeeltired.2)see,hear有相应表示动作的动词lookat/listento,这些词可以用进行时 比较:Doyouseeamaponthewall?Heislookingatamaponthewall.Ihearastrangenoisefromthecarengine.Heislisteningtothemusic.3.有些表示状态或心理感觉的动词一般不用现在进行时,而用一般现在时表示状态或感觉,如love,like,hate,want,need,wish,know(知道),understand(懂得),remember(记得),believe,guess(认为),mean(意味着),think(认为),feel(认为),fit(合适),find(认为),show(表明),have(有)e.g.Ihopeyouwillenjoyyourmeal.Iwanttovisitthemtomorrow. 4.当有些感觉动词词义转变,成为表示动作的动词时,可以用进行时:e.g.NowIseetheliquidintheglasshasturnedred.Heisseeinghisfriendoffattheairport.Ithinktheywillcome.Weareallthinkinghard.Thereportshowstheproblemisserious.Heisshowingthemaroundourschool. Exercise:Water______(freeze)atthetemperature0.Theair_____(keep)movingallthetime.Thetown_____(lie)tothewestofthehill.I_______(believe)you________tellthetruthnow.--____myson__________(work)hardthisterm?--Oh,yes,he_________(try)hisbestnow.6.______thehat_______(fit)mewell?7.–Whathashappenedtothefish,Mary?--Mum,thecat______(eat)thefish.Justnowthecat_____(jump)ontothetableand_____(eat)itup.8.Sam____(live)inthesmalltownforfiveyearsduringthewar.9.ItisagessinceIlast____(see)you.You___(grow)taller.10.Hewon’ttelluswherehe______(get)thebook.freezeskeepsliesbelievearetellingIsworkingistryingDoesfithaseatenjumpedatelivedsawhavegrowngot (3)一般过去时表示过去某一具体时间发生过的动作.e.g.Ireviewedmylessonslastnight.注意:1)有时句中虽然没有表示确定过去时间的状语,但根据上下文情景可以推断出是过去发生过的动作,此时也应用一般过去时e.g.Iwassorrytolearnofyourillness.Ididn’tknowhewasyourfather.2)描述已故之人的动作或状态用一般过去时.e.g.Edisoninventedtheelectriclight.2.表示过去经常反复发生的动作.e.g.Peteroftenplayedbasketballwhenhewasincollege. 3.表示主语过去的状态或特征.e.g.Itwasrainylastweek.Hewasataxidriveryearsago.4.在时间,条件状语从句中代替过去将来时.e.g.Hewouldgiveherthebookifhesawher.(4)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.e.g.Hewasdoingshoppingthistimeyesterday.Wewerehavingadiscussionatthattime.2.表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作. (4)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.e.g.Hewasdoingshoppingthistimeyesterday.Wewerehavingadiscussionatthattime.2.表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作.e.g.Peterwasplayingchessthewholeafternoonyesterday.Wewerehavingameetingfromninetoelevenyesterday.3.用与when,while,as引导的表示过去的从句:(注意,这样的动词必须可以持续)e.g.WhileIwaswatchingTV,thetelephonerang. Aswewereleaving,someofourfriendsarrived.Whenwewereplayingintheplayground,itbegantorain.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:过去进行时强调过去某时刻或阶段动作的进行,不表明动作的完成,而一般过去时表示过去某动作已发生,表明动作已完成.e.g.Hewaswritingacompositionlastnight.(作文不一定完成)Hewroteacompositionlastnight.(作文肯定写完了) (5)现在完成时构成：have/has+动词的过去分词用法：1.表示说话前某一个时刻发生的动作之结果对现在的影响。e.g.Ihavealreadysenthimacard.Theyhaveboughtanewhouse.常用的时间状语：already,just,yet2.表示从过去某一时间持续到说话时为止的动作或状态，常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”的时间状语连用。e.g.WehavelearnedEnglishforaboutthreeyears.Hehasbeenheresincelastterm. III.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1)完成时强调过去发生的动作的结果和影响；而一般过去时强调动作发生的时间，地点，方式等，与现在没有联系。e.g.Ihavejusthadbreakfast.Ihadbreakfastamomentago.(时间）Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Ifinishedmyhomeathome.（地点）2）现在完成时表示的持续状态强调持续到说话时为止，与现在有联系，而一般过去时表示的持续状态强调过去某段时间的经历，与现在没有联系。 e.g.TheGreenshavestayedinChinaforayear.TheGreensstayedinChinaforayearduringthewar.Ihavelearnedcomputerforsometime.Ilearnedcomputerforsometimewhileinmiddleschool. IV.不可持续动词与可持续动词1）常见的词：leavedieputonfailillbeawaybedeadwearbeillborrowcatchacoldbuyjointhearmykeephaveacoldhavebeinthearmy2)不可持续动词不能与“for+时间段”或since+时间点”连用，应改用持续性动词。Ihaveboughtacalculator.Ihaveboughtthecalculatorforaweek.Ihavehadthecalculatorforaweek. e.g.Hehashadthewatchforamonth.Heboughtthewatchamonthago.Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyforayear.Mybrotherjoinedthearmyoneyearago.但是：不可持续动词的否定结构可以与”for+时间段”或since+时间点”连用。e.g.Ihaven’tmetmyteacherofEnglishforayear.Wehaven’tmeteachothersinceheleft. 3)till/until用法可持续动词+till/until:“某动作一直持续到…”not+不可持续动词+till/until:“直到…才…”e.g.Iwillstayuntilhecomes.Iwon’tleaveuntilhecomes.V.现在完成时特例：Itis+时间段+since…e.g.Itistwodayssinceheleft.Itissixweekssincetheycamehere.Itisaboutayearsincetheyjoinedthearmy. (6)过去完成时I.构成：had+动词的过去分词II.表示过去的过去III.常用与：1）搭配时间状语：by/bytheendof+过去的时间点before+过去的时间点e.g.…bytheendoflastterm…byfiveo’clock(过去)…beforehemovedhere2）主句是过去时的从句e.g.Hesaidthathehadbeenaworkerforfiveyears. 3)根据上下文情景来体现：ImetMaryinthestreetonemorning.Shehadchangedgreatly.ImetPeteryesterday.Wehadn’tseeneachotherforfiveyears.