2010年高考英语语法名词性从句 9页

2010年高考英语语法---名词性从句1.陈述句作句子成分，陈述句前要加that.ThatEnglishisimportantisundoubtedfact.I’velearnedthatlove,nottimehealsallwounds.Myideaisthatthechildshouldbesenttoschool.Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.that=指路牌,即它后面紧接的句子要作为另外一个句子的某一个成分来使用，不是要表达的核心信息。Thecriminalconfessedhissinsharmedmanypeople.Thecriminalconfessedthathissinsharmedmanypeople.这名罪犯承认，他的罪行伤害了很多人。（有没有that，，hatongcollin@163.comHesaidnowordatthemeetingwasstrange.Hesaidthatnowordatthemeetingwasstrange.Thathesaidnowordatthemeetingwasstrange.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.Thattheplatesaremovingisnotbeyonddispute.Myconcernisthatthechildshouldbesenttoschool.2.一般疑问句作句子成分，用whether或if引导Whetherhewillcometomypartymakesnodifferencetome.Idon’tknowif/whetherheneedsmyhelp.Myquestioniswhetherpeoplewillliveonthemoonsomeday.Scientistshavearguedoverthequestionwhetherthereislifeonotherplanets.if还是whether?(1).if一般只引导宾语从句，而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词性从句。(2).if不和ornot连用，即一般不说ifornot。但是可说if…ornot.而whether没有此限制。3.特殊疑问句作句子成分Whydinosaursbecameextinctisstillamystery.Idon"tknowhowmanylettersthereareintheEnglishalphabet.Moneyiswhatwearebadlyinneedof. Therearosethequestionwherewecouldgettheloan.特殊疑问词作主语，无需调整句子语序Whowillchairthemeeting?Whowillchairthemeetinghasnotyetbeendecided.名词性从句引导词（连接词）：1)连接词：that,whether,if,asif.that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。2).连接副词：when,where,why,how。有词义,在从句中担任成分，作状语。3).连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等,有词义，在从句或中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。主语从句引导词:连词that(that不可省),whether,if;代词有who,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever;副词when,where,how,why.请在下列例句中的从句下划线,并分析从句的句子成分。1.that引导Thattheplatesaremovingisbeyonddispute.Thatshewillsucceediscertain.Thatmathematicsisthebaseofotherscienceisknowntousall.Thathewonthegamemadeatremendousstir(轰动)inourcountry.Thattheorymustgohandinhandwithpracticeisaprincipleweshouldalwayskeepinmind.注意：(1)引导主语从句的that无意义,但不可省。(2)that引导的主语从句常常后置，用it作形式主语。关于主语从句的后置见第8点。2.whether引导Whetherhewillcomeornothasn’tbeendecided.Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.Whetheronecansucceeddependsonhowhardheworks. Itisdoubtfulwhether/ifhewillcome.注意：位于句首的主语从句不用if引导。3.what,whatever引导的主语从句Whatshedidafterthatisnotcleartous.Whateverisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.4.who,whoever,whom,whomever引导的主语从句WhowillteachusEnglishnexttermhasnotbeentoldyet.Whoeverleavestheofficeshouldtellme.Whomyouinviteisuptoyou.Who(m)everyouinvitewillbewelcome.5.which,whichever引导的主语从句Whichisthebestofallthosewaysisuncertain.Whichofthethreeformsasubstancewilltakedependsonthekindofsubstanceandonitsvolumes,temperaturesandpressure.Whicheveryouwantisyours.Whicheverofyoucomesinfirstwillreceiveaprize.6.限定词whose,what,which+名词(构成名词短语)引导的主语从句，这个名词短语在主语从句中作主语，宾语和表语(主语补语)Whosecarelessnessspoilttheworkmustbemadeclear.Whosefaultitisisquiteclearnow.Whatmotivehecouldhavehadisnotcleartous.Whichdesignisthebestmustbetriedinpractice.7.when,where,how,why引导主语从句WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.Whereweshouldbuildthegasfactoryisbeingdiscussed.Whenandwherethemeetingwilltakeplacehasnotbeendecidedyet.Howhemanagedtofinishedthejobisofinteresttousall.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Howthetelephonewasinventedwasalonghistory.Howmuchwatervapor(水蒸汽)canstayintheairdependsuponthetemperatureoftheair. Whyhediditwillremainapuzzleforever.8.主语从句的后置（以it作形式主语）①It+be+形容词＋主语从句Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.注意从句动词形式Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexamined.Itisnecessarythathecomebackwithoutdelay.Itwasquiteclearthatthecrimehadbeendonedeliberately.Itisdesirablethatweshouldreadtheinstructionsoftheinstrumentsinadvance.这种句型常有的形容词有：Itisapparentthat…Itisobviousthat…Itisevidentthat…Itisplainthat…Itisclearthat…Itispossiblethat…Itisquitelikelythat…Itisimpossiblethat…Itisquiteunlikelythat…Itisstrangethat…Itisamazingthat…Itissurprisingthat…Itisdisturbingthat…Itisadvisablethat…Itisdesirablethat…Itispreferablethat…Itisappropriatethat……Itisavailablethat…Itisreasonablethat…Itisnaturalthat…Itisworthwhilethat…Itisnicethat…Itisgoodthat…Itissatisfactorythat…Itistoobadthat…Itisessentialthat…Itisimperativethat…Itisimportantthat…Itisnecessarythat…Itisprobablethat…Itisdoubtfulthat…Itisquestionablethat…Itis(un)certainthat…Itistruethat…Itisnotablethat…Itisnoteworthythat…Itisfortunatethat…该句型中的主语从句除用that引导外，还可以用whether,if,连接代词或连接副词引导：Itisdoubtfulwhether/ifhewillcome.（主语从句如果后置,就可以使用if） ItisuncertainwhetherhisfamilywasoriginallyBritainorAmerican.Itisnotclearhowaccuratetheresultsare.Itisstillopentoquestionwhoistoheadthegroup.Itwasclearenoughwhatshemeant.Itisuncertainwhyhedeniedthecharge.②It+be+名词＋主语从句Itisagoodthingthatwedomorningexercises.Itisatruththattheorycomesfrompractice.Itiscommonpracticethatelectricwiresaremadefromcopper.这种句型中的主语从句也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。Itisnotmybusinesshowshechoosestolive.Itisstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.这种句型中的名词有：Itiscommonknowledgethat…Itisasurprisethat….Itisafactthat…Itisapitythat…Itisgoodnewsthat…Itisawonderthat…Itisnowonderthat…Itisashamethat…Itisanhonorthat…Itisacommonobservationthat…Itisadisappointmentthat…Itisageneralrulethat…Itiscommonpracticethat…Itisamysterytosb.that…It’snoharmthat..注意：Itisnowonderthat…中的itis可以省略。Nowonderthathedidn’twanttogo.Nowonderthattheywerediscontentandindignant.③It+be+-ed分词＋主语从句Ithasbeenpointedoutthattheirsuggestionisreasonabletoacertaindegree.Ithasnotbeenfoundoutwhatparticularpropertiesthiskindofalloy(合金)has.Itisnotyetknownwhethertheywillsendadelegationtotheconference,butwehopetheywill. Ithasbeenannouncedwhentheplaneistotakeoff.Itisbelievedthat…Itisknowntousallthat….Itcanbeseenthat…Itcannotbedeniedthat…Ithasbeenillustratedthat..Ithasbeenobjectedthat…Ithasbeenreviewedthat…Ithasnotbeentriedwhether…Itismentionedthat…Ithasbeendecidedthat…Itisnotdecidedthat…Itisreportedthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…Itistobediscussedthat…Ithasbeenprovedthat…Itisestimatedthat…Itistobenotedthat…Itisuniversallybelievedthat…Itisannouncedthat…Itcansafelybesaidthat…Itmustbeadmittedthat…Itcanthusbeconcludedthat…④It+不及物动词＋主语从句IthappenedthatIwasn’ttherethatday.Itseemsthatthenewmethodissuccessful.Itfollowsthatnotallsubstancesaregoodconductorsofelectricity.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatplantscannotgrowwithoutsunlight.Itappearsthat…Ithappensthat….Itoccurredtosb.that…Itsuddenlystruckmethat…Itseemsthat…Itturnedoutthat…Itstandstoreasonthat…Itfollowsthat…Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…⑤其他Itdoesn’tmatter…Itmakesnodifferencethat…Itdoesn’tmaketoomuchdifferencethat…Itdoesn’tneedtobebotheredthat…Itisoflittleconsequencethat…Itisofgreatimportance…E.g.ItevidentlymadenodifferencewhetherIwastheretolookafterthingsornot. 9.从句作主语时，主谓一致问题：Thattheywillcome(be)certain.Whathewants(be)thesebooks.Whathewants(be)somewater.WhatIsayandwhatIthink(be)myownaffair.WhatheisdoingandwhetherIknowhim(be)twodifferentthings.Whatshetoldmeandwhatshetoldyou(be)totallydifferentthings.Howyougotthere(donot)concernme.Whatweresupposedtobenewproposals(be)infactmodificationsofearlierones.Whatwasonceapalace(be)nowapileofrubble.Whatwerethoughttobefivedogs(be)actuallyfivesheep.Whatshetoldme(be)noneofyourbusiness.Whatideashehas(be)hiswife’s.WhatIneedbuynow(be)fourteacupsandapairofsportsshoes.宾语从句1.宾语从句在句中不同位置1）I"velearnedthatlove,nottime,healsallwounds.I"velearnedthateveryoneyoumeetdeservestobegreetedwithasmile.I"velearnedthatthere"snothingsweeterthansleepingwithyourbabiesandfeelingtheirbreathonyourcheeks.2）IassureyouthatIhadnointentionofoffendingyou.3）Prof.Lee’sbookwillshowyouhowwhatyouhaveobservedcanbeusedinothercontexts.4）Theygavewhocametothemeetingapamphlet.5）Ifindthebestwaytoconcentrateistomakenotesonwhattheteachersaresaying.6）Thereisdisagreementamongeconomistsaboutwhatmoneyisandhowmoneyismeasured.7）Webelieveittruethatthehumanbodyisalsoakindofgoodconductor.8）Wemustmakeitclearthatthepartiesinvolvedaretomakeeveryefforttocurbthepollution.（治理污染）2.that一般起“指路牌”作用，所以一般情况下不省略。1)Ioncereadthat"thebeautyoflifeisitschanges"andthat"theartoflifeliesinaconstant readjustmenttooursurroundings".我曾经读到过这样一句话：“生活的魅力在于变化，而生活的艺术在于不断地适应周围环境的变化。”2)Forvariousreasons,manywomenareemotionallyneedy,andtheysometimesseeksexoutsideofmarriagetoconfirmthattheyareokay,thattheyarebeautifulanddesirable,thattheyaresexy,andthatsomebodylovesthemfortherealwomentheyareratherthanfortheircooking,housecleaningandchild-rearingabilities.出于种种原因，许多女人缺少感情上的慰藉，她们有时候寻找婚外性伴侣以证明自己还不错、挺漂亮、富于魅力并且很性感。她们需要证明，男人爱她们是因为她们本人而不是因为她们的烹饪、理家以及照顾孩子的能力。同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,doubt,fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether,what,why,how…等。TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.Weallknowthetruththattheearthgoesroundthesun.Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.Theyproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.Ihavenoideawherehelives.试比较：（同位语从句还是定语从句？）Heputforwardthesuggestionthatthesecondquestionshouldbediscussedfirst.Thesuggestionthathehadputforwardwasturndown.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.同位语从句句型（一）：名词+that+从句TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain. Weallknowthetruththattheearthgoesroundthesun.Hewaspreparedtoprovehistheorythattwodifferentweightswouldfalltothegroundatthesametime.同位语从句句型（二）：名词+定语/状语+that+陈述句ThestatementbythedriverofthevehiclethathedidnotseethelorrywasrejectedbytheCourt.Theyoungmanmadeapromisetohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhisownlivingaftergraduation.同位语从句句型（三）：名词+谓语+that+陈述句Anideacametoherthatshemightdothatinanotherway.Ordersooncamethatallciviliansmustleavethevillage.Evidencecameupthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.表语从句OneproblemisthatIdon’tlookanydifferentfromotherpeople.ThetruthisthatIhaveneverbeenthere.Thatiswhyshewasabsentyesterday.It/Thisisbecauseweareclosertothesuninsummerthanweareinwinter.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.Womenaremuchtoopreoccupiedbyfamily.Oncethemarriagebeginstodisintegrate,they"relost.That"swheretheirunhappinessspringsfromandthat"swhymostdivorcedmothersregardthemselvesasvictims.妇女们太专注于家庭了。一旦婚姻开始瓦解，她们就会失去方向，这就是她们不快乐的原因，也是为什么大多数离婚的母亲认为她们是受害者。