【6A文】初中英语语法—介词课件.ppt 23页

介词by张慧月 Lookatthispicture,whatcanyousee?Therearesomeapplesonthetree.Thereisabirdinthetree.Therearesomestrawberriesandflowersunderthetree. 一、定义介词是一种用来表示:词与词,词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。二、分类时间介词地点介词方式介词其他介词（方法、原因、目的）介词的讲解介词 1时间介词in年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）on具体某一天，星期、节日at钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点①inthemorning/afternoon/evening②onMondayinJanuary/FebruaryonJanuaryfifthinSpringonChristmasDayin2014onNewYear"sDayin2days/weeks/yearsonSundaymorning③atdawn/daybreakatsixatmidnightat4:30atsixteen/attheageofsixteenatChristmas Let"stry!1. My grandfather was born____Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D. of2. The train is starting___five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D.still3. Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on4. Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on5.There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there?-----No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up for一段时间over在某个时间一直...(连续的状态,行为等)某个时间点上发生或做了某事(间断的或一次性的状态或行为)during①for2days②overafive-yearperiodforalongtimeovermanyyearsforacoupleofweeksovernightThey"vebeenmarriedfor10years.③duringtheMiddleAgesduring1942在1942年中duringthesummer（ofthatyear）duringhischildhood Let"stry1.Hefellasleep______thelesson.他在上课时睡着了。2.Thefishwillnotkeep______night.这条鱼放不到明天(就会变质)3.He_____alotofgreatmoviesovertheseyears.A.hasmadeB.madeC.wasmakingD.wasmade4.I’dliketocallonmyuncle_____mystayinBeijingthissummer.Inotherwords,Icanseemyuncleagain_____thesummer.A.during;duringB.in;inC.during;inD.in;during5.Therewasaterriblestorm_____thenight;itrained_____fourorfivehours.A.during;duringB.during;forC.for;forD.for;duringoverduring before在……（时间）之前，但不包括当日after在……（时间）以后from用于一般过去、一般现在或一般将来时since主要用于完成时或完成进行时★“自从”①Iwenttothecinemabefroe7p.m.yesterday.②Maryoftenplayvolleyballwithherfriendsafterschool.①WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.②Itis10yearssincetheygotmarried. “by+时间点”表示“到…..以前为止”，如果by后加“将来的时间点”，应用一般将来时；如果by后跟过去的时间点，应用过去完成时①用于否定句中，意为“直到……才”，在其前的谓语动词多用瞬间动词；②用在肯定句中意为“直到……为止”，其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词①Bytheendofnextmonth,IwillfinishreadingthisbookBytheendofthisweek,Ihavewrittentwobooks②Ididn’tgotobeduntil10o’clock.Iwaitedformymotheruntil10o’clock.till/untilby 2地点介词①　at一般指小地方；athomeatschoolatthestationThatmanisstandingatthebusstop.②in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；inthefactoryintheroominthecenterof/inthemiddleof...③　on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。onthebusonthetrainonthesubway/undergroundThereisabookandalamponthedesk. ★表示地理位置的几种介词用法in：某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）to：某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外）on：与某一地区接壤的地方FujianisinthesoutheastofChina.XinjiangisinthenorthwestofChina.JiangsuisintheeastofChinaWhataboutTaiwan?TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina. in：某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）to：某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外）on：与某一地区接壤的地方TipJapanistotheeastofChina.SouthKoreaistothenortheastofChina.RussiaisonthenorthofChina.NorthKoreaisonnortheastofChina.LearnandtryWhataboutSinapore?注：be+in/on/to可用lie+in/on/to代替 1.Chinalies___theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,toC.to,in2.Mongolia(蒙古)is___thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.to3.TheUnitedStatesis____thesouthofCanadaand___theeastofJapan.A.to;in  B.on;to  C.in;beside  D.at;on4.Japanlies____theeastofChina.A.on  B.to  C.in  D.withExercise ★常见的方位介词over指“正上方”,还有“覆盖”的含义（反义词under，“正下方”)above指“在上方”但不一定在正上方(反义词below,“在下方”)①BisoverA.②DisaboveC.Spreadaclothoverthetable.Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.ABoverCDabove ★常见的方位介词acrossthroughacross是指从表面穿过through则是指从物体内部穿过①Weshouldgoacrosstheroadcarefully.②Threemenwentthroughtheforestyesterday.穿过 1.Thereisabridge______theriver.2.Thereisapen______thebook.3.Ittooktheman2monthstowalk______thedesert.4.Thethirdflooris______thesixthfloor.5.Thesixthflooris______thethirdfloof.riverbridge让我们思考一下throughoverbelowaboveunder between...andinfrontofnextto/besidebehindopposite★常见的方位介词inthefrontofAB 1.Milliesits____________me.2.Amysits_________Millie______Simon.3.Kittysits_____________Sandy.4.Kittysits___________Simon.5.Thewindowis__________thedoor.6.Thechalkis______theteacher’sdesk.infrontofbetweenandnextto/besidebehindoppositeonDanielsays 3其他介词①in用材料、语言、方式②with用工具、某物③by用方式、方法、手段①inthisway②withchopsticksinChinesewithoureyesbemadeinmetalwiththemoney③By+交通方式：bycar/bus/plane/trianbysendinge-mails交通工具前有冠词、物主代词等修饰，介词用“on/in”inmycaronmybikeonthebusonaship1.表示方式、方法的介词 2.表示原因、目的的介词①becauseof表示因为或以......为理由②for表示动作或活动的目的、目标或意图③outof表示起源、来源或原因①Ican"tflyakitebecauseoftheheavyrain.Hecan"tcomeherebecauseofthebadweather.②Thereareallkindsofthingsforsaleinthisshoppingcentre.Lilywentoutforawalkjustnow.③Thehelpyououtofpity.Thetrafficaccidentwasoutofcarelessnessindiving． 1.Hisfatherisveryangry_________himhisstudy.A.at，withB.with，atC.to，aboutD.about，to2.Paperismade_________wood.A.fromB.ofC.byD.in3.Thebasketisfull_________apples.A.withB.ofC.inD.by4.Katecan"tcome.Let"saskweiHuainstead______her.A.ofB.forC.toD.with5.Theheavyrainstoppedme___gettingtoschoolontime.A.toB.fromC.onD.for 6.Whentheredlightison，it"sdangeroustogo_____thestreet.A.acrossB.throughC.crossD.to7.Takearest______youfinishthework.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.while8.Youcan"tpasstheexam,______youstudyhard.A.ifB.ofC.unlessD.and9.______ourteamtriedbest,____wefailed.A.Though,butB.Because,soC.If,andD.Though,/ 谢谢观赏