2012届高考英语语法精讲精练-情态动词和虚拟语气[学生版] 18页

012届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有的情态动词有过去式。常见的情态动词有can,could,may,might,must,haveto,shall,should,will,would,oughtto,need,dare等。（一）can和could1.表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力。HecouldreadbooksinEnglishwhenhewasonlyfive.他只有五岁的时候就会读英文书籍了。2.表示客观的可能性Anybodycanmakemistakes.任何一个人都有可能犯错误。3.表示请求建议，用could比can语气更委婉(回答用原形)Couldyoubehereateighto’clocktomorrowmorning?你可不可以明天上午8点钟来这儿呢？4.表示允许、许可，用could比can更委婉客气。Could/CanIborrowyourreferencebooks?我可以借用一下你的参考书吗？1.否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度。Canitbetrue?难道这是真的？Youcan"tbeserious!你怕不是在开玩笑吧！Oh,dear,whatonearthcanthismean?哎呀，亲爱的，这究竟是意味着什么？2.表示“经过努力后终于能……”用beabletoThefirespreadthebuildingquicklybuteverybodywasabletoescape.大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都逃了出来。注意：beableto比can有更多的形式变化Whenhegrowsup,hewillbeabletosupporthisfamily.他长大后就能养家了。Frankisill.Hehasn"tbeenabletogotoschoolforoneweek.弗兰克病了，已经一周没去上学了。I"msorryfornotbeingabletohelpyouintime.对不起，不能及时帮你的忙。3.惯用形式“cannot(can"t)…too/over/enough”。表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”，用来加强语气Youcannotbetoocareful.你无论怎么小心都不为过（你越小心越好）。4.cannotbutdosth.不得不；只好。Icouldn’tbutchoosetowait.我只好选择等待。（二）may和might1.表示允许、请求。“MightI…？”比“MayI…？”语气更为委婉和有礼貌。对于“MightI…？”的回答用“…may”；“MayI…？”的否定回答常用“…mustn’t/can’t”—MayIwatchTVaftersupper?晚饭后我可以看电视吗？—Yes,youmay.可以。或No,youmaynot.不，不可以。或Youmustn"t.绝对不可以。2.表示可能性，表示“或许”，“大概”。用于肯定句或否定句中，用might比may语气更加不肯定。第18页共18页 Hemaybeverybusythesedays.这些天也许他很忙。Hemightcometomorrow.明天他也许要来的。1.惯用形式may(might)aswell＋动词原形：不妨做……Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry.如果情况是这样的话，我们不妨试试看。2.表示祝愿may而不用might。采用部分倒装语序：may＋主语＋动词原形＋……！Maythefriendshipbetweenourtwopeopleslastforever!祝愿我们两个民族的友谊源远流长！3.may或might可和aswell连用，表示“建议”，译为“还是……的为好”Youmayaswellkeepacertaindistancefromthatmadman.你们还是离那疯子远点为好。Youmightaswellgohomenow.你还是现在回家为好。（三）must和haveto1.must表示“必须”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是mustnot/mustn’t，表示“禁止、不准”。Everybodymustobeytherules.人人都得遵守规则。Youmustn"tspeaklikethattoyourmother.不准你那样对你母亲说话。—MustIbehomebeforeeighto"clock?八点之前我必须回家吗？—Yes,youmust.是的，必须的。—No,youneedn"t./No,youdon"thaveto.不，没必要/不必啦。2.must表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句中。　　Youmustbehungryafterthelongwalk.跑了这么远的路，你一定是饿了。Homecookingmustbemoredelicious.家常菜一定更可口。3.haveto表示“必须，不得不”，着重强调客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去式和将来式)。Thestudentstodaywillhavetoknowhowtousecomputers.现在的学生必须懂得如何使用电脑。Ashehadhislegbroken,hehadtolieinbed.由于腿断了，他不得不躺在床上。1.must还表示主语主观的坚持，有“偏偏，偏要，一定要”之意IfyoumustknowhowoldIam,ItellyouthatI’mtwicemyson’sage.如果你一定要知道我多大年龄的话，我告诉你我是儿子年龄的两倍。2.must表示推测时的否定式是“can’t”翻译为“不可能”Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.A.needn’tB.can’tC.wouldn’tD.mustn’t（四）will和would1.用于各种人称，表示意愿或决心。will指现在，would则指过去Iwilldomybesttohelpyou.我愿意尽力帮助你。Theysaidthattheywouldhelpus.他们说他们愿意尽力帮助我们。2.用于第二人称的疑问句中表示有礼貌的询问和请求，would比will更委婉。其回答用“will”—Wouldyoupassmethebook?请把那本书递给我，好吗？—Yes,Iwill.好的。Willyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyouseehim?你见到他时给他带个口信，好吗？3.表示习惯性、经常性、倾向性，意为“总是”，“惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.鱼儿离开了水会死亡的。Thewoundwouldnotheal.伤口老是不能愈合。HewouldcometoseemeonSundaywhenhewasinBeijing.他在北京的时候，每逢星期日他常来看我。第18页共18页 would与usedto的区别：1.usedto表示过去的某种习惯，现在已经没那样的习惯了；would表示过去有某种习惯，不与现在对比Wewouldsitintheyardeveryeveningandlistentohisstory.(过去会这样，不与现在对比)Weusedtositintheyardeveryeveningandlistentohisstory.(过去是这样的，但现在不这样了)2.表示过去的状态，只能用usedto，不能用wouldThereusedtobeaparkhere.这儿过去有个公园。（言下之意：现在没有了）（五）shall,should和oughtto1.shall用于第一、第三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方（听话者）的意见Whatshallwedothisevening?我们今天晚上做什么呢？Shallhecomein?他可以进来吗？2.should表示“应该”，表义务，责任，也可表示劝告，建议Youshouldkeepyourpromise.你应该信守诺言。3.should表示按常规、常理推测，意为“可能”或“应该”Theyshouldarrivebyoneo’clock.到了一点钟，他们该回来了。4.提出意见、请求、建议时，可用should表示委婉、谦逊的语气，意为“可”，“倒是”Ishouldthinkyouaremistaken.我倒是认为你弄错了。5.oughtto表示责任和义务，意为“应该”，语气比should强；还可表推测Yououghttoobeyyourparentswhentheyareright.父母亲对的时候，你就该服从他们。Youhavepractisedforalongtime.Thereoughttobenodifficultyforyou.你练了那么长时间了，对你来说，应该没有什么困难了。1.shall用于第二、三人称表示“警告、命令、允诺、威胁”等Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.你不更加努力工作，你就不会成功。（警告）YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.我读完了，你就可以拿走这本书。（允诺）Heshallbepunished.他一定会遭到惩罚。（威胁）2.Why/How＋should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解、感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会”。Whyshouldyoubesolate?你今天来得怎么这么晚？HowshouldIknow?我怎会知道！(意为：我不知道。)(六)needneed作情态动词表示“需要”，“必要”。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中，且只有现在时，其他时态用“haveto”的相应形式代替Youneedn"tcometomorrow.你明天没必要来了。—Needhecomenow?他现在就需要来吗？—Yes,hemust.是的，必须来。/No,heneedn"t/hedoesn"thaveto.不必啦。1.“Must…？”一般疑问句的否定回答要用：No,…needn"t.—MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?我现在就必须把作业做完了？—No,youneedn’t.不，不必啦.2.need还可以用作行为动词，其变化和一般的动词相同。若主语为动作承受者时用动词主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式。　　Weneedtohavearest.我们需要休息一下。Thehouseneedsrepairing.=Thehouseneedstoberepaired.这栋房子需要修理。(七)dare第18页共18页 dare作情态动词表示“敢于”，用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。Shedarenotgothere.她不敢去那儿。Howdarehedosuchathing?他怎么敢做重要的事呢？Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.如果他胆敢来，我就把他踢出去。1.惯用短语“Idaresay”意为“我敢说、我想、或许”。Idaresayheisright.我敢说他是对的。2.dare还可以用作行为动词，其变化与一般动词相同。Thegirldidn"tdaretogohome.那个女孩不敢回家。Doyoudaretojumpintotheocean?跳进海洋里，你敢吗？【注意】在否定句中时，dare后的“to＋动词原形”可以省略to。Idon"tdare(to)askher.我不敢问她。(八)can,may,must皆可用来表示推测1.在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上“must”语气最肯定，“may”表示的是事实上的可能性。2.在否定句中只能用“can和may”。所以“can’t”（不可能）语气比“maynot”（可能不、也许不）更强。3.在疑问句中只能用“can”，不能用“may和must”。①Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will②Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may③Hemaybeverybusynow.→Canhebeverybusynow?Hemustbeverybusynow.→Canhebeverybusynow?④Theycan’tbecleaningtheroomnow.他们现在不可能在打扫房间。注意：could,might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can,may。(九)情态动词+havedone的用法1.could+havedone：过去本可以做而实际上未能做Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.你本来能做得更好的，但你没有尽力。2.cannot+havedone：表示对过去行为的否定推测Hecannothavebeentothattown.他不可能去过那个小镇。3.can+主语+havedone：（用于疑问句）表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定Canhehavegotthebook?他可能得到那本书了吗？4.might(may)+havedone：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测Hemaynothavefinishedthework.他可能没有完成工作。Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.如果我们走另一条路，我们可能更早地到达了。5.must+havedone：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannothavedoneYoumusthaveseenthefilm.你肯定看过那部电影。Youcannothaveseenthefilm.你不可能看过那部电影。6.needn’t+havedone：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.你本没必要浇花的，因为就要下雨了。注意：didn’tneedto(haveto)do:没有必要做而实际上也没有做Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.我没必要擦窗户。我姐姐两小时前刚擦过。7.should(oughtto)+havedone：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.你应该早点开始的，但是你没有。Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.他本不应该拿走我的字典的，因为我现在需要它。（一）“if”虚拟条件句第18页共18页 主从句谓语动词的构成情况从句谓语动词的构成主句谓语动词的构成与现在事实相反过去式（be用were）should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反过去式should+动词原形were+不定式should/would/could/might+动词原形注意：从句中的should可用于各种人称，且不可以被would所代替。Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.如果他在这里，他会帮助我们的。IfIhadbeenfreeatthattime,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.如果那时我有空的话，我就拜访你了。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去野营。（二）省略“if”的虚拟条件句将虚拟条件从句中的“were，had，should”放到主语之前，构成部分倒装Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.如果他来，告诉他让他给我打电话。WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.如果我是你，我就不做。HadIbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.如果我有空的话，我就拜访你了。（三）混合虚拟条件句1.不同时间的虚拟，遵守相应的规则Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.要是他听了我的话，现在就不会有麻烦了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.要是他昨天告诉我了，我就知道现在做什么了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加他的生日聚会了。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）2.虚拟与陈述的混合，遵守相应的规则Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.他本来能通过考试的，但他不够细心。Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.你应该早一点来的，汽车刚走一会儿。（四）含蓄虚拟条件句：即不用“if”而用其它形式给出虚拟条件1.用“butfor+名词”表示虚拟条件—Didyoumakeitatlast?你们最后成功了吗？—Yes.Butforyourhelp,itwouldhavecausedaseriousloss.成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。2.用“without+名词”表示虚拟条件Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.如果没有电的话，人类今天的生活就会大为不同。3.用“动词不定式”表示虚拟条件Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttofollowinthisway.如果这样做，仅仅对了一半。4.用“现在分词”表示虚拟条件Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。5.用“过去分词”表示虚拟条件Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。6.用“副词otherwise”表示虚拟条件Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。7.用“连词but连接的句子”表示隐含的虚拟条件He_________fatterbutheeatstoolittle.A.wouldbecomeB.wouldhavebecomeC.mustbecomeD.musthavebecome【解析】答案为A。从后句“但是他吃得太少”来看，隐含着虚拟即：如果他吃得多点，就会胖些了。（五）特殊句式虚拟结构1.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+宾语从句(should)doHesuggestedthatwe(should)notchangeourmind.他建议我们不要改变主意。第18页共18页 Heinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.他坚持要到南方去工作。注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点，事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.他的沉默说明了他同意我的决定。Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.他坚持认为做早操对人的身体有益。2.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should)doItissuggestedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.有人建议应该有更多的学生去上大学。3.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表语从句(should)doMyadviceisthatyoushouldpracticespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.我的建议是有应该尽可能多地练习说英语。4.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should)do+is..Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.他们得到更多的要求是合理的。5.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that从句(should)do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.真奇怪，这样的一个人竟然是我们的朋友。（表竟然）Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.重要的是我们理应向他人学习。（表理应如此）Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.真遗憾，他不肯跟我们一起走。(表惋惜)6.wish+thatclause(did/were与现在相反)wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do与将来相反)wish+thatclause(haddone与过去相反)IwishIwereadoctor.我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在)Iwishthattherainwouldstop.我希望雨能停下来。(将来)Iwishthathehadnotmadesomuchfussaboutit.我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)7.Itis(high)time+从句(did或shoulddo)Itis(high)timewewent/shouldgohome.我们真该回家了。8.wouldrather+从句(did与现在或将来相反)；（haddone与过去相反）Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.我宁愿你现在呆在家里。Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.我宁愿你没有把这个消息告诉她。9.省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知①省去条件从句Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。（省去了“Ifyouhadwantedto”，事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）②省去主句(常用以表示愿望)Ifonly+从句(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)“要是……就好了”Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世了。)Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!要是他明天能来该多好啊！注意：onlyif是“只要”的意思，从句中用陈述语气。10.asif+从句(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)I’velovedyouasifyouweremyrelative.我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.他们交谈起来就像是处了多年的朋友。注意：“asif/asthough”引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气：当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时：Itsoundsasifitisraining.听起来像是在下雨。Hetalksasifheisdrunk.从他谈话的样子来看他似乎是喝醉了。（一）情态动词▲第18页共18页 ①Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe_______sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldn’tB.shouldn’tC.can’tD.mightnot【解析】②TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit_________beveryslow.A.shouldB.mustC.willD.can【解析】③Wehopethatasmanypeopleaspossiblejoinusforthepicnictomorrow.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can【解析】▲Helen_______goonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can【解析】▲①—IthinkI’llgiveBobaring.—You_______.Youhaven’tbeenintouchwithhimforages.A.willB.mayC.havetoD.should【解析】②There____beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn’tB.shan’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t【解析】▲①—What’sthename?—Khulaifi.—_______Ispellthatforyou?A.ShallB.WouldC.CanD.Might【解析】②一Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?一Noperson________smokeorcarryalightedcigarette，cigarorpipeinthisarea.A.willB.mayC.shallD.must【解析】▲①Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you___takecareofyourluggage.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will【解析】②—CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?—Ohdear,ifyou_______.A.canB.mustC.mayD.should【解析】▲①—Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?—You_______doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.A.don’thavetoB.oughtn’ttoC.mustn’tD.can’t【解析】②Someaspectsofapilot’sjob_______beboring,andpilotsoften________workatconvenienthours.A.can;havetoB.may;canC.haveto;mayD.oughtto;must【解析】①Youbehungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!第18页共18页 A.wouldn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t【解析】②There’snolighton—they______beathome.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t【解析】③—I’vetakesomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.—It_____Harry’s.Healwayswearsgreen.A.hastobe　B.willbeC.mustn’tbe　D.couldbe【解析】①Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.Ithetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.needn’thavetakenD.mustn’thavetaken【解析】②Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you______havecomethismorning.A.mayn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t【解析】③Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsIhavedrivenherthere.A.couldB.mustC.mightD.should【解析】④—I’msorry.I________atyoutheotherday.—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshoutB.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshoutD.mustn’thaveshouted【解析】⑤—Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.—Great!You______readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.mustB.shouldC.musthaveD.shouldhave【解析】⑥He_____havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t【解析】⑦—Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.—Youitinthewrongplace.A.mustputB.shouldhaveputC.mightputD.mighthaveput【解析】⑧Shehaveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.A.can’tB.wouldn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t【解析】⑨Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkweitwithoutyou.A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged【解析】⑩Hepaidforaseat,whenhe_________haveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need【解析】（二）虚拟语气第18页共18页 ①Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English______mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe【解析】②________hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.A.IfB.SinceC.ThoughD.When【解析】③Ifit_______tomorrow,we________putoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.rains;wouldhavehadtoB.weretorain;willhavetoC.shouldrain;wouldhavetoD.rained;shouldhavehadto【解析】特别注意省略“if”的虚拟条件句④________fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube【解析】⑤______forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot【解析】IfNewtonlivedtoday,hewouldbesurprisedbywhat________inscienceandtechnology.A.haddiscoveredB.hadbeendiscoveredC.hasdiscoveredD.hasbeendiscovered【解析】①They________twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.A.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.get【解析】②ButfortheParty,he_______ofhunger30yearsago.A.wouldhavediedB.musthavediedC.woulddieD.died【解析】③Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight__,toocoldforustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly【解析】④Havingknownearlier,we__________suchathingfromhappeningagain.A.wouldstoppedB.shouldhavestoppedC.wouldhavestoppedD.needhavestopped【解析】⑤—He_________intheexperimentlasttime.—Luckilyhefollowedyouradvice.A.failedB.wasfailingC.mighthavefailedD.wouldhavefailed【解析】①Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit________yesterday.A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened【解析】②—I’mgoingtoseethevictim’sbrother.第18页共18页 —I’dratheryou__________________.A.didn’tB.donotC.don’tD.do【解析】③—Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_______toMiamibuttoNewYork?—Iagree,buttheproblemis________hehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what【解析】④Iwishthatyou_____suchabadheadachebecauseI’msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.　A.hadn’t　B.didn’thavehadC.hadn’thad　D.hadn’thave【解析】2009年1.(全国卷I)Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?TherebetwelveA.shouldB.wouldC.willD.shall【答案】【解析】2.(全国卷II)Ican’tleave.ShetoldmethatIstayhereuntilshecomesback.A.canB.mustC.willD.may【答案】【解析】3.(北京卷)Oneofthefewthingsyou___sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can【答案】【解析】4.（上海卷）It_____havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.A.mayB.canC.mustD.should【答案】【解析】5.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might【答案】【解析】6.（重庆卷）—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—Sheintheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.A.shallbeB.shouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.mighthavebeen【答案】【解析】7.（安徽卷）Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy；theyjustbequietpeople.A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.would【答案】【解析】8.（安徽卷）Butfortheirhelp，wetheprogramintime.A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinished【答案】第18页共18页 【解析】9.（福建卷）ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon【答案】【解析】10.（湖南卷）—It’stheoffice!Soyouknoweatingisnotallowedhere.—Oh,sorry.A.mustB.willC.mayD.need【答案】【解析】11.（江苏卷）Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthatheitdifferently.A.couldexpressB.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressedD.musthaveexpressed【答案】【解析】12.（辽宁卷）Thetrafficisheavythisday,Iarriveabitlate,socouldyousavemeaplace?A.canB.mustC.need.D.might【答案】【解析】13.（四川卷）—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,you_______A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might【答案】【解析】14.（浙江卷）Thedoctorrecommendedthatyouswimaftereatingalargemeal.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t【答案】【解析】2010年1.(全国I)Justbepatient.You_____________excepttheworldtochangesosoon.A.can’tB.needn’tC.maynotD.willnot【答案】【解析】2.(全国II)I’mafraidMr.Harding____seeyounow.he’sbusy.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t【答案】【解析】3.(安徽卷)Jackdescriedhisfather,who_____abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedmanA.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.musthavebeen【答案】【解析】4.(北京卷)—Goodmorning.I"vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.—Ah,goodmorning.YoubeMrs.Peters.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.can【答案】【解析】5.(北京卷)－Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.－Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables.A.wouldn"tdieB.didn"tdieC.hadn"tdiedD.wouldn"thavedied【答案】第18页共18页 【解析】6.(福建卷)Teachersrecommendparentstheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow【答案】【解析】7.(湖南卷)Ifhe__________myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow【答案】【解析】8.(湖南卷)You_________buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.mustB.mustn’tC.havetoD.don’thaveto【答案】【解析】9.(江苏卷)—Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don’tworry.You______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may【答案】【解析】10.(江苏卷)Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused【答案】【解析】11.(江西卷)IhavetoldyouthetruthIkeeprepeatingit?A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Will【答案】【解析】12.(辽宁卷)Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth,butit_______beregularexercise.A.canB.willC.mustD.may【答案】【解析】13.(山东卷)I_______havewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t【答案】【解析】14.(陕西卷)Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken【答案】【解析】15.(陕西卷)—MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?—No,you.Youreaditinhere.A.mightn’tB.won’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t【答案】【解析】16.(四川卷)—Itakethebookout?—I"mafraidnot.A.WillB.MayC.MustD.Need【答案】【解析】第18页共18页 17.(天津卷)Mark_______havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t【答案】【解析】18.(天津卷)－Johnwenttothehospitalalone.－Ifhe_______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold【答案】【解析】19.(重庆卷)Youparkhere!It’sanemergencyexit.A.wouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t【答案】【解析】20.(浙江卷)“You____haveawrongnumber,”shesaid.“There’snooneofthatnamehere.”A.needB.canC.mustD.would【答案】【解析】21.(浙江卷)HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy__.A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved【答案】【解析】22.(上海卷)－Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn"tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.－Oh,youhavedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustn"tC.shouldD.shouldn"t【答案】【解析】2011年1.(新课标卷)Theyhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.should【答案】【解析】2.(大纲卷)Ifyousmoke,pleasegooutside.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may【答案】【解析】3.（北京卷）—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.Hecome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.A.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnot【答案】【解析】4.（北京卷）—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen【答案】【解析】5.MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying第18页共18页 【答案】【解析】6.（天津卷）I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome【答案】【解析】7.I______worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.daren’tD.needn’t【答案】【解析】8.（江苏卷）—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone______it.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen【答案】【解析】9.（福建卷）—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?—Iamafraidyou,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.A.willB.mustC.mayD.can【答案】【解析】10.（福建卷）—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—Iit,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended【答案】【解析】11.（安徽卷）—Whatdoyouthinkofstoreshoppinginthefuture?—Personally,Ithinkitwillexistalongwithhomeshoppingbut_______.A.willneverreplaceB.wouldneverreplaceC.willneverbereplacedD.wouldneverbereplaced【答案】【解析】12.（浙江卷）—How’syournewbabysitter?—We________askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.A.shouldB.mightC.mustn’tD.couldn’t【答案】【解析】13.（四川卷）Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingallthey.A.canB.mayC.mustD.should【答案】【解析】14.（重庆卷）—Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?—Iwantedto,butmymomsimply________notletmeoutsolateatnight.A.couldB.mightC.wouldD.should【答案】【解析】15.（陕西卷）I________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone【答案】第18页共18页 【解析】16.（陕西卷）—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?—OK.You________haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall【答案】【解析】17.（湖南卷）Noone________becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.A.canB.needC.mustD.might【答案】【解析】18.(辽宁卷)Ifyougo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will【答案】【解析】19.（江西卷）It_______bethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clock.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.needn’t【答案】【解析】20.（江西卷）We_____John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput【答案】【解析】1.—Whydidn’tAlexattendthepartyyesterdayevening?—He________nothavewantedtoseeme.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.would【答案】【解析】2.—MayItellthistomyclosefriend?—No,you________.Neverletanybodyelseknowaboutit.A.needn’tB.shouldn’tC.mustn’tD.can’t【答案】【解析】3.—Mum,Iamfeelingtiredandsleepynow.—You________solatelastnight.A.couldn’thavestayedupB.mustn’thavestayedupC.shouldn’thavestayedupD.needn’thavestayedup【答案】【解析】4.Shoppingonlinecansavemuchtimeasyou________gotoashoporwalkaroundcrowdedshoppingcenters.A.don’thavetoB.oughtn’ttoC.won’tD.mustn’t【答案】【解析】5.—Everyoneinmyclasspassedtheexam.—Oh,really？It________difficult.A.can’thavebeenB.needn’thavebeenC.mustbeD.mightn’tbe【答案】【解析】6.—Didyoupunishhimforlosingyourdigitalcamera?—Yes,butIdon’tthinkI________.第18页共18页 A.shoulddothatB.needtohavedonesoC.oughthavedonethatD.shouldhavedoneso【答案】【解析】7.It________bereallycoldinNovemberinHefeithoughweusuallyhavewarmandsunnydays.A.shouldB.willC.mustD.can【答案】【解析】8.Thewell-dressedladywascaughtstealinginthefashionshop.Strangelyenough,she________havedonesuchathing.A.wouldB.mustC.shouldD.might【答案】【解析】9.—Mary’sscoreonthetestisthehighestinherclass.—Really？She________havestudiedveryhard.A.mayB.oughttoC.mustD.should【答案】【解析】10.Don’tplaywiththedog,Jack,forit________bedangerousattimes.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.must【答案】【解析】11.Thepurposeofeducation________betoprovidestudentswithavaluesystem—nottopreparethemforaspecificjob.A.willB.shouldC.couldD.may【答案】【解析】12.—WhereisLucy?—Ican’tsaywheresheis,butshe________havegonetomeetherclassmates，fortheywanttogotoSichuantoworkasvolunteers.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may【答案】【解析】13.—Mum,wouldyoupleasebuymeanMP5player?—Ifyoucanhelpdothedishesthewholevacation,you________haveoneasareward.A.mustB.needC.wouldD.shall【答案】【解析】14.Ifhumanbeingshadbeenabitlessgreedyandcruel,morebirdsandanimals________dyingout.A.oughttoavoidB.couldhavebeenavoidedC.shouldhaveavoidedD.mighthaveavoided【答案】【解析】15.________anyonecall,pleasetellhimI’mnotfree.A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Should【答案】【解析】16.Ifyouhadn’ttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we________therebynow.A.wouldbeB.areC.havebeenD.hadbeen【答案】【解析】17.—Ididn’tattendthelectureyesterday.—I________,either,ifmymotherhadn’tremindedme.A.wouldn’tB.wouldn’thaveC.didn’tD.hadn’t【答案】第18页共18页 【解析】18.WithoutthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeakingCompetition.A.wouldwinB.wouldhavewonC.wouldnotwinD.wouldnothavewon【答案】【解析】19.—I________toyourbirthdaypartylastSunday.—Unfortunately,youwereoutonbusiness.A.hadcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome【答案】【解析】20.—It"shardtobelievethatJack________havefoughtwiththepoliceman.—Yes.Ifone________askfortrouble,itcan"tbehelped.A.would;willB.must;mayC.should;mustD.need;dare【答案】【解析】21.We’restillattheairport.Ifitweren"tforthedelayedflight,we________theconcertrightnow.A.canbeenjoyingB.musthaveenjoyedC.wouldbeenjoyingD.shouldhaveenjoyed【答案】【解析】22.—Thankyouforremindingmeofthetime,orI________lateyesterday.—Don’tmentionit.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.willhavebeenD.wouldhavebeen【答案】【解析】23.Iwastotallyshockedthatthatchild________havesaidsuchathingtohisparents.A.mightB.couldC.wouldD.should【答案】【解析】24.—DidyouhearTomwascriticizedforhisspellingmistakesinhisEnglishcomposition?—Yes,butamorecarefulperson________somanymistakes.A.wouldn’tmakeB.needn’thavemadeC.shouldn’tmakeD.wouldn’thavemade【答案】【解析】25.—Hewasreceivingmoreandmoreattentioninthecompany.—Sohewas.Butforhisgoodeducation,he________thejob.A.willnevergetB.shouldn"thavegotC.wouldnothavegotD.mustn"thavegot【答案】【解析】26.—DidyoumeetwithMr.Jackson?—________Ihadcomeherealittleearlier.A.IfonlyB.OnlyifC.ButforD.Forfear【答案】【解析】27.Thecaptainurgedthatthemission________beforedark.A.mustbefinishedB.oughttobefinishedC.befinishedD.wasfinished【答案】【解析】28.Ifhe________thathe________toworktherethen,everythingwouldbeOKnow.A.insisted;besentB.insisted;wassentC.hadinsisted;besentD.hadinsisted;wassent【答案】【解析】29.—Didyoumakeitatlast?—Yes.Butforyourhelp,it________aseriousloss.A.wouldcauseB.musthavecausedC.wouldhavecausedD.maycause第18页共18页 【答案】【解析】30.—Howmuchoftheforeignexpert’sspeechhaveyouunderstood?—Nexttonothing.IwishI________harderatEnglish.A.workedB.hadworkedC.wouldworkD.wereworking【答案】【解析】31.WouldyouratherI_____buyinganewbike?A.decidedagainst　B.willdecideagainstC.havedecided　D.shalldecideagainst【答案】【解析】32.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.A.gotosleep　　B.wenttosleepC.gotobed　D.wenttobed【答案】【解析】33.Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwise,he_____tothemeeting.A.wouldcome　　B.cameC.wouldhavecome　D.willcome【答案】【解析】34.Idonothaveajob.IwouldfindonebutI_____notime.A.had　　B.didn’thaveC.hadhad　D.have【答案】【解析】35.—Itlooksasifheweredrunk.—Soitdoes._________.A.He’dbettergiveupdrinking                       B.Heshouldn’thavedrunksomuchC.Healthismoreimportantthandrink             D.Iwonderwhyheisalwaysdoingso【答案】【解析】第18页共18页