2014高考英语语法专项复习第3讲动词的语态素材 4页

第三章动词的语态一.概念:动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,有人称,数,时态的变化.一.相关知识点精讲1.let的用法　1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to的不定式。例如：Theyletthestrangego.他们放陌生人走了。--->Thestrangewasletgo.　2）当let后宾补较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit代替。例如：　　Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.那护士让我去探望住院的同学。　　---->Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.2.短语动词的被动语态　短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：　　MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.我妹妹由奶奶照顾。　　Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.这样的事闻所未闻。3.表示"据说"或"相信"的词组，基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等组成。例如：　　Itissaidthat…　　据说　　Itisreportedthat…据报道　　　Itisbelievedthat…　大家相信　　　　　Itishopedthat…　大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知　　Itisthoughtthat…　大家认为Itissuggestedthat…　据建议　　　　　Itistakengrantedthat…　被视为当然　Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定　　Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是4.不用被动语态的情况　1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear,diedisappear,end（vi.结束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等没有无被动语态。例如：　Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。　比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。　　要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。　2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。例如：　Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.这把钥匙只配这把锁。　Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.你说的与我们听说的一致。-3- 　3）系动词无被动语态，如appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。例如：Itsoundsgood.听上去不错。　4）带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death,dream/dream，live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.她昨晚做了个恶梦。　5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：　　（对）Shelikestoswim.　　（错）Toswimislikedbyher.5.主动形式表示被动意义　1）wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。例如：　　Thebooksellswell.　　这本书销路好。　　Thisknifecutseasily.　这刀子很好用。　2）blame,let（出租）,remain,keep,rent,build等。例如：　　Iwastoblamefortheaccident.事故发生了，我该受指责。　　Muchworkremains.还有许多活要干。　3）在need,require,want,worth（形容词）,deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：　　Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.门该修了。　　Thisbookisworthreading.　这本书值得一读。4）特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood（使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如：Explainitclearlyandmakeyourselfunderstood.解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。6.被动形式表示主动意义，如bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated（from）,beprepared（for）,beoccupied（in）,getmarried等。例如：　　Heisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他毕业于一所有名的大学。　　注意：表示同某人结婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.均可。例如：　　Hemarriedarichgirl.他与一个富妞结婚了。　　Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.7.need/want/require/worth　　当need,want,require,beworth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如：　　　Yourhairwantscutting.　你的头发该理了。　　　Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要冲洗。三.巩固练习1.I___________(teach)herefortenyearssinceIfinishedschool.2.Wouldyoumindme__________(use)yourbike?3.ThestudentsofClassTwo___________(sweep)theirclassroomnow.4.TheWhites____________(notlisten)totheradioatthattime.5.It"sbettertogivethan__________(receive).6.Howlong______you_______(live)inthistown?7.You_______(come)herelastyear,______you?-3- 8.----When______you______(see)him?----I______(see)himlastSunday.9.Shesaidthatthecar___________(use)thenextweek.10.Ididn"tknowwhat__________(happen)toChinainacentury.11.WhenIgottothestation,thetrain____already______(leave).12.Thestonebridge______________(build)inourhometownfortenyears.13.Thedeskmust______(clean)onceaday.14.Thedog_________(lie)onthefloorwhenIcamein..15.It_________(rain)heavilywhenIgothome.16.Hermother____________(cook)atthistimeyesterday.17.Thestudents_____________(do)theirhomework.__________(notmake)anynoise!18.----______youever_______(be)toBeijing?----Yes.I________(go)therelastweek.19.He"lltelephoneusassoonashe_________(arrive)there.20.Jiefangtrucks____________(make)inChangchun.21.Apenisusedfor__________(write).22.Allthatmust________(do).23.Myfriendcan"tdecidewhichpairoftrousers____________(choose).Sosheaskedmetogoshoppingwithher.24.Theyfindituseful__________(learn)English.25.Theoldmanoften_________(tell)thechildrenastoryintheevening.Thiseveninghe________(tell)twostories.26.Theradio__________(use)onceinaweekinourclass. It____________(notuse)yesterdaybecausetherewassomethingwrongwithit.27.Wouldpleasetellushow___________(make)thewatch________(work)?28.Shedoesn"tknowwhat_________(do)andwhere__________(go).四.答案-3- 1.havetaught2.using3.aresweeping4.weren’tlistening5.toreceive6.have…lived7.came…didn’t8.did…see,saw9.wouldbeused10.wouldhappen11.had…left12.havebeenbuilt13.becleaned14.waslying15.wasraining16.wascooking17.aredoing,Don’tmake18.have…beeen,went19.arrives20.aremade21.writing22.bedone23.tochoose24.tolearn25.tells,willtell