中考英语语法复习之代词专项 6页

中考英语语法复习之代词专项代词的单复数代词的分类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe，she，itweyouthey宾格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis,her,itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代词this,thatthese,those相互代词eachother,oneanother不定代词可数each,one,many,(a)few,both,another,either,neither不可数much,(a)little可(不可)数all,some,none,any,other,复合不定代词anybody,anyone,anything,somebody,something,nobody,nothing,everybody,everyone,everything疑问代词who,whom,which,whose,what考点1人称代词一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时用宾格；作定语时用形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。1．用于无谓语的句子中一DpesanyofyouknowwhyJackhasn’tcomeyet?一Me．。答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：Ican．和Ido，too．/SodoI．2．表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等①Doyouhavegoodeyesight，youngman?一Me?Icanseeasparrowtwohundredpacesaway．②What?Mefightabigchaplikehim?Notme!3．代替as，than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中，尤其用于句末)①I’mnotastallashim(he)．②)Sheismuchmorecarefulthanme(I)．她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有all，both等同位语时，用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如：Heworksharderthanusa11．考点2指不代词1．this/these，that/thosethis,these指代下面要说的内容；that，those指代上面陈述过的内容。如：①WhatI’dliketosayabouthowtoimproveourspokenEnglishislikethis．②That’sa11．Thankyou．③Salariesarehigherherethanthoseinmyhometown．2．一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定①Who’sthat?你是谁?②)ThisisMary．③11at’sallright/OK．。(对感谢的答语)④nat’Snothing．。(对道歉的答语)‘⑤That’sthat．(表示决定不能更改)⑥That’Sa11．就这些了。⑦Thatis…那就是……4．this，that有时可以用作副词，意为“这么，那么”，表示程度Itisn’tthatcold．还没那么冷。考点3不定代词以下是几组易混不定代词：1．some类不定代词与any类不定代词(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中；any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。(2)但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，要用some类的不定代词。(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中，表示“任何(一个)；任何事情；无论什么”。2．all，both，neither，none(1)all指三者或三者以上“都”，both指两者“都”。 (2)neither表示“两个都不”，常和of连用，放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前，作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；none表示三个或三个以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，后可接of短语，与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语，指人时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可；指物时，只用第三人称单数形式。如：①Neitherofthetwinsis/arecorrect．②Noneofushas/haveeverbeentotheGreatwall．3．any，either，each，every(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。也可用在肯定句中，以加强语气，表示“任一”的概念；还可以用来修饰可数名词单数，表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如：Ididn’teatanymeat．我一点儿肉也没吃。4．no，none，nothing，nobody(1)no不能单独使用，相当于nota或notany，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：Youhavenosympathyforthesufferingsofothers．你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答howmany/much引导的疑问句，可与介词of连用。如：①Noneofthebooksissuitablefortheyoung．这些书都不适合年轻人读。②一Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?一None．没人。(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：一Whoisintheroom?谁在屋内?一Nobody．没有人。5．it，one，ones，that和those(1)it特指上文所提到的同一个物，它所代替的名词常由the，this，that等修饰。one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，不特指，被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰。如：①Whereisthatbook?Ican’tfindit．那本书在哪儿?我找不到它。②Ihaven’tgotanyerasers．Willyoupleasegivemeone?我没有橡皮，请你给我一块好吗?(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，one前要用定冠词the，有时that和theone可互换使用。如：Thebookisn’tsointerestingastheone/thatyouborrowed．(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：①ThebestcigarettesarethosefromYunnan．②Theboytoldmehisstoryandthatofthegirlnextdoor．Yourcoatisblue，andmynewoneisgreen．你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。(4)theones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theonesunderthedesk．6．another，other，others，more(1)another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”，表示”再，又”。如：①wasthereanotherwayout?②we’dbetterwaitanotherfiveminutes．特别提示表示“另外一个学生”只能用anotherstudent，不能说成anotheronestudent。(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为theother)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为theothers)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，别人”。如：Doneremainedandtheotherwentaway．②Weshouldlearntotreatothersasequals．7．something，anything，everything，nothing(1)something一般用在肯定句中，也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：Couldyoudosomethingforme?请为我做点事好吗?(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：Thereisn’tanythinginside． (3)everything意为”一切事物”，可用在肯定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用nothing或notanything。如：Everythingisgoodwhennew，butfriendswhenold．东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。(谚语)(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：①Donothingbyhalves．凡事不可半途而废。(谚语)②Foolslearnnothingfromwisemen，butwisemenlearnmuchfromfools．愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。考点4反身代词1．反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语①Thetextitselfisveryeasy．(作主语的同位语)②(Either)Janeoryourselfwillgothere．。(作并列主语，但不能单独作主语)③Heisnotlaughedatthatlaughsathimselffirst．[谚]自嘲者不会让人嘲笑。④Respectyourseff，ornooneelsewillrespectyou．[谚]要人尊敬，必须自重。2．主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teachoneself，enjoyoneself，helponeself，throwoneself，lookafteroneself3．在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适Idon’tknowwhat’Sthematterwithme．I’mnotmyselftoday．4．用在交际英语中①Helpyourseff!②Makeyourselfathome!③Don’tupsetyourself!5．辨别几组搭配byoneself独自foroneself独自地，靠自己的力量；ofoneself~t动地；tooneself独占，考点5it的用法在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：1．指代作用(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词)。如：Althoughwecannotseeit，thereisairallaroundus．(2)代替前面的整个句子。如：Itissaidthathehasdiedofadisease，butitisn’ttrue．(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：一Whatisthis?这是什么?一It’sabike．(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：①ThebabycriedbecauseitWashungry．婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)②一Whoisknockingatthedoor?一It’sme．(5)指环境、情形等。如：①Ican’tstanditanylonger．我再也不能容忍这种情况了。②Takeiteasy．别紧张。(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：①It’sgettingcolderandcoldernow．现在越来越冷了。②Itiswinternow．现在是冬天了。2．形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如：It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk．[谚]覆水难收。(2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：Youmustmakeitcleartothemthatthesituationisserious．特别提示形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：1wouldappreciateitifyoupaidincash．如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。3．强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：Itis/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。 高考资源网(www.ks5u.com)www.ks5u.com来源：高考资源网一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词及指示代词版权所有：高考资源网(www.ks5u.com)1．Myparentsaregoingtotake_________toMountWuyithissummerholidayA.myB.meC.mineDI2．Ifind_______difficulttofinishtheworkontime.Weonlyhavethreehoursleft.A.itB.thatC.itsD.this3．ThismorningDianainvited_________to__________birthdayparty.A.I;herB.I;hersC.me;herDme;hers4．Mymomalwaystellsmethat_________/"nʌθɪŋ/isdifficult.A.nothingB.nobodyC.noneD.something5．Mikesaidthatthevideotapesonthetablebelongedto__________.A.himselfB.heC.hisD.him6．______aregoodfriends.A.IandJackB.JackandIC.JackandmeD.MeandJack7．---Whyareyousohappy?---That’sbecauseanoldfriendof__________iscoming.A.IB.meC.myD.mine9．---Isthisyoursister’skey,John?---No,itisn’t.______isinthebag.A.SheB.HerC.HerselfD.Hers10．Thereisabigdeskbetween______and______.A.he;IB.he;meC.him;ID.him;me11．—Bob!Isthisyourdictionary?—No,itisn’t.AskSally.Sheislookingfor_______.A.hisB.hersC.mineD.yours12．MissLiis_________Englishteacher.Sheteaches_______Englishverywell.A.us,weB.our,weC.we,usD.our,us13．TomandJennyareinthesameschool.And_________likesportsverymuch.A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs14．-------Hi,Mary,whoisthisgirl?----Sheismyfriend’ssister._______nameisGinaGreen.AHisBHerCHersDIts15．-----IsNickyourbrother?-----No,______ismycousin,myuncle’sson.AheBsheCitDthis16．-----Aretheseyourbrother’sbooks?------Yes,______are.AthisBthatCtheseDthey17．Ifyouwantpeopletotreatyounicely,youhavetotreat___________nicely,too.A.theirB.theyC.themD.themselves18．—Whois________Englishteacher?—Well,it’sMrs.Green.Sheteaches________Englishverywell.A.you;weB.you;oursC.your;usD.your;our19．MrSmithwillteach_______Englishnextterm.A.ourB.youC.herD.he20．―Lucy,dopeopleinEnglandcelebrateThanksgivingDaylikeAmericans?―No,wedon’t.Itis________festival,not________.A.their;oursB.theirs;oursC.theirs;ourD.their;our21．―Therearemanyroomsinmyhouse.Ihave________bedroom.―Thatsoundsgreat.A.ownmyB.myownC.ownmeD.meown22．—David,youleftyourEnglishbookonthedesk?—Itisn’t_________.Ithinkitis.A.mine;Nick’sB.mine;NickC.my;Nick’sD.my;Nicks’23．MissLiteaches______Englisheveryday.A.weB.ourC.oursD.us24．Ihavegoodnewsfor________._______isgoodnews.A.you,ItB.your,ItC.you,TheyD.they,It 二、不定代词I.some,any1.Therearen’t___________studentsintheclassroom.2.Look!___________boysareplayingfootball.3.---Wouldyoulike_________coffee?---Yes,please.4.Shanghaiisbiggerthan________othercityinChina.II.many,much1.How____________bottlesofwaterdoyouneed?2.Henevereatsso___________breakfast.3.Hehasgottoo___________worktodo.III.either,neither1.Therearetreeson_____________sideofthestreet.2.Idon’tlikethetwobooks,because__________ofthebooksisgood.3.---Whichcoatdoyoulikebetter,theblackoneorthewhiteone?---Idon’tmind,________isOK.4._______youorIamgoingtoAmerica.5._________younorheiswrong.IV.both,all1._________sheandIarestudents.2.Therearesomeplans,__________ofthemaregood.3.Jim,LucyandLily________agreetostayhere.4.Therearetreeson_________sidesofthestreet.V.each,every1.Therearetreeson_________sideofthestreet.2.____________studentinClass5passedtheexam.3.__________ofuswearsayellowT-shirt.4.We___________wearayellowT-shirt.VI.somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,everyone,noone,something,anything,nothing,everything1.---Doyouhave__________specialtotellmetoday?---No,__________special.2.Listentome,Ihave____________importanttotellyou.3.____________ishere,aren’tthey?4._____________isready,isn’tit?5.Weneedonemorehelper.Canyoufind___________else?6.Iwouldlike____________tobehappy.7.Ihavekept_______________ofherletters.8.---Whoisinstillinyourclassroom?---___________.9.Ican’tfindmynewpen,maybe_____________stoleitjustnow.10.---Isthere___________singingintheroom?---No,it’sPolly.VII.it,one,that1.Thebookismine._________isveryinteresting.2.---Whohasapen?---IthinkLucyhas_________.3.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthan___________inGuangzhouinwinter.4.---Who’s_________speaking?---ThisisMichaelspeaking.VIII.few,afew,little,alittle1.---Howfarisitfromhere?---Only____________kilometers.2.---DoyouspeakChinese?---Only______________.3.Shefeelslonely,becauseshehas__________friendstotalkwith. 4.Thereis__________milkinthefridge,let’sgoandbuysome.5.Hurryup,thereisonly___________timeforus.IX.another,other,theother,others,theothers1.---Lucy,wouldyoulike____________cake?---No,thankyou,I’mveryfull.2.---Idon’tlikethispen.Canyoushow_________pen,please?---Ofcourse.3.Hewillbebackin__________tendays.4.Thethreechildrenenjoyplayingwithone___________./each__________.5.---Doyouhaveany__________questions?---No.6.Somearecarryingwaters,somearediggingholesand__________arewateringthetrees.7.Theyhavetwochildren,oneisadaughter,____________isason.8.Ihavegottenpencils.Twoofthemarered,______________areblue.单项选择：()1.---Ineedsomethingforcuttingthepaper.---Oh,youwantaknife?Ok,I’llget_______foryou.A.itB.thatC.thisD.one()2.---Look!Doyouknow_______manunderthetree?--Sorry.It’stoofartosee______clearly.A.this;himB.that;hisC.this;herD.that;him()3.---Alice,isthisyourdictionary?---Letmesee.Oh,no.________isinmyschoolbag.A.MyselfB.MeC.MyD.Mine()4.Iaskedtwopeoplethewaytothestation,but_______ofthemcouldhelpme.A.bothB.neitherC.eitherD.all()5.---AreyouallfromAmerica?---No,_______ofus.A.noneB.neitherC.eitherD.noone()6.______you_____yourbrothercanjoinus.Wewantoneofyou.A.Both;andB.Neither;norC.Either;orD.Notonly;butalso()7.---Comeinplease,kids.Make_________athome.Thankyou,Mrs.White.A.youB.yourC.yourselfD.yourselves()8.---Doyoubelieve___________youreadinthenewspaper?---No,onlysomeofthem.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything()9.Iboughttwobookstoday.Oneisinmyhand,________isinmybag.A.theotherB.otherC.othersD.another()10.Thereis___________withmywatch.Itdoesn’twork.A.wrongsomethingB.anythingwrongC.somethingwrongD.wrongnothing()11.___________parentsarecomingtoChina.A.ThebothofhisB.HisbothC.ThebothhisD.Bothofhis()12.Ihavefourfriends._________ofthemareworkers.A.BothB.AllC.ManyD.Each()13.Allthestudentshavegoneout.Thereis__________intheclassroom.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.everybodyD.nobody()14.Therearemanychildreninthepark.Somearesingsing,________areclimbingthehill.A.otheB.theotherC.anotherD.others()15.Thisquestionissodifficultthat__________studentscananswerit.A.fewB.afewC.alittleD.little()16.---“Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningorthisafternoon?”---“Idon’tmind._________timeisOK.”A.BothB.EveryC.AllD.Either