初中英语语法全解全练：中考英语语法专项复习宾语从句 9页

中考英语语法专项复习宾语从句宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。认真研读了近年来有关宾语从句的中考题，发现其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：语序、时态和引导诃彳主语十荫语薈其他如果左语从旬由一毁融闫句转建而*.其哥9词用if或whfFthFT.引导诃宾语从®宾◎从句赴林疑何句引导诃欣特竦疑同询.・由連安代词who,-whcMkwhat,whichwfaprp,why.how停弓从牡示的现真理.普盘真理.自加科学职理…恪代・从旬仍爲要用一般畴时.例如•J3。靠谿議连g主旬的时屯为过去时左时•从句的谓语动词的时誉要用相应的过去的某一时忘・•当主GhWrSTl同是hope，believe*rXpert*iPftgirw•vuppo"詐时.如果主句为T或"时…从句中妄示否宗意义fHnotthinksbelieve*expects如果主句主治癮U或w则not不§J移。•思维导图记知识点责舄幣泰爲!為醴荃菽堯覺虛需瞽豈番篇型篇:M咅•-；与$learil,for“JrememberxSheaskedmeif(whether)Iwouldbefreetomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。六、宾语从句的时态宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，这就是时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。Pleasetelluswhereheis.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.注意：当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。 Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况：①主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如：HesayshewillaskMr.HutogiveJimsomework.他说他将让胡先生给吉姆一些工作。②主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如：Shesaidshemissedusverymuch.她说她非常想念我们。③从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：Hesaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.他说太卩日比地球大。七、宾语从句的否定前移在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think,believe,expect,imagine,suppose等时，如果主句为I或we时,从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think,believe,expect,imagine,suppose等前。如：Idon"tsupposehewillcome.我猜他不会来。【注意】如果主句主语不是I或WC,则no（不前移。如：Shethinksshecan"tarrivethereontime.她认为她不能按时到那儿。八、宾语从句和状语从句的区分1）Iwillgoouttomorrowifitisfine.2）Idon"tknowifthetrainhasarrived.句1）中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件"，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don?tknow的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。判断方法：1.可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2.从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether,词义为“是否"，充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候"，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当......的时候"。3.从时态看。讦和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。4.、人称的变化和标点的使用 a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：（一主二宾三不变）“MayIuseyourknife?"Heaskedme.—>Hcaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?"Heaskedme.—HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon"tknow.—>1don,tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?—>Doyouknowwherehelives?九、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.—►Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构例如：1don"tknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.—>1don"tknowwhichsweatertobuy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词+不定式结构""，或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式"结构。如：—Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?4.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为"宾语+宾补""结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.—>Shcfoundthewalletlic/lyingontheground.IWI考点突破考点一：考查连接词的用法典例1:We"dliketoknowornot.（2004年山东潍坊）A.whetherwillthesportsmeetingcomeB.ifwillthesportsmeetingcomeC・whetherthesportsmeetingwillcome D.ifthesportsmeetingwillcome【解析】题干中出现了ornot,所以连接宾语从句的引导词要用whether,故选C项。【答案】C举一反三1.一I"mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?—Usuallyitcomesby4:00p.m.（2015,青岛）A.howB.whereC・whenD・what2.一DoyouknowDengchaois?Heisanactor.HeistheteamleaderinthepopularrealityTVshowRunningMannow.（2015,连云港）A.whichB.whenC.whatD.how考点二:语序典例2:-Excuseme,couldyoutellme?Certainly.It"sovertherealongthestreetontheleft.（2005年吉林）A.herethePeople"sParkisB.whereisthePeople"sParkC.thcPeople"sParkiswhereD.thePeople"sParkwhereis【解析】宾语从句一律使用陈述句语序，故选A项。【答案】A举一反三1.[2016山东泰安】一Excuseme,couldyoutellmewhere?一Sure,sir.Youcantrywww.taobao.com.A・canIjoininthegroup-buyingB.didIjoininthegroup-buyingA.Icanjoininthegroup-buyingD.Ijoinedinthegroup-buying2.[2015四川南充】Couldyoutellme?A.wheredoyouliveB.whereyouliveC・youlivewhere考点三:时态典例3:Doyouknowthistimeyesterday?（2005年黑龙江）A・whatsheiscookingB.whatisshecookingC.whatshewascookingD.whatwasshecooking【解析】由时间状语thistimeyesterday可知，宾语从句应用过去进行时态，故选C项。【答案】C举一反三 1.一Hi、Bruce.Hereisaletterforyou.一Thanks.Iwonder.A.whotheletterwasfromB・whowasfromtheletterC•whowastheletterfromD.whofromtheletterwas2.一Canyoutellmethismorning?一Sorry,I"venoidea.A.whydidnftDarningcometoschoolB.whyDarningdidn"tcometoschoolC・whydoesn"tDarningcometoschoolD・whyDarningdoesn"tcometoschool3・一CouldyoutellmetheSpaceMuseum?—Sure,nextMonday.A.whenwevisitedB.whendidwevisitC・whenwewillvisitD.whenwillwevisit4.—anyoutellmetheprize、Tom?一Lastyea匚A・whenyougotB・whendidyougetC.whenwillyougetD・whenyouwillget1.（2017-江苏南通・14）一Therewillbeaconcertthisevening.ButIdon"tknow・一Byunderground.Ittakeslesstime.A.whereitwillbeheldB.howcanIgoC・wherewillitbeheldD.howIcango2.（2017-江苏连云港•14）—DoyouknowTheBeltandRoadForum（“一带一路"高峰论坛）began?—OnMay14th,2017.A.thatB・whenC・ifD.where3.（2017-江苏苏州・5）Mom、haveyouseenmytoybear?Idon"tknowIhaveleftit.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where4.（2017-江苏泰州・15）一Couldyoupleasetellme"TheReader",aTVprogrammehostedbyDongQing?一Well、itisfunandteachesusalotofknowledge・A.howdopeoplelikeB.howpeoplelikedC.whydomanypeoplelikeD.whymanypeoplelike5.（2017-江苏宿迁・15）—Helen,couldyoutellmelivinginthecountryside?一Perhapsnextweekend・A.whyyouwillvisitourgrannyB.whenwillyouvisityourgrannyC・whenyouwillvisityourgrannyD.whywillyouvisityourgranny6.（2017-江苏盐城•13）TodayisFather"sDay,I"mthinkingabout.A.whatpresentIgavemyfatherB・ifIplannedapartyformyfatherC・howIcangivemyfatherasurpriseD.wherewillmyfatherandIhaveabigmeal 1.（2017-江苏扬州・14）一Excuseme,couldyoutellme?——Well,there"soneonyourleft.A・whenthebankopensB.wherethebankisC.howfaristhebankD.howcanIgettothebank2.（2017-北京•30）—Judy,couldyoutellmetheschoolbag?一Oh,yes・IboughtitinastoreontheInternet.A・wheredidyoubuyB・wherewillyoubuyC・whereyouboughtD・whereyouwillbuy3.（2017-重庆E卷・38）—Icantseeontheblackboard.MayIborrowyournotebook?——Sure.Hereyouare.A.whatourteacherwroteB・whatdidourteacherwriteC・whyourteacherwroteD.howdidourteacherwrite4.（2017-无锡・6）—FvejustreceivedaWeChatmessage—“ttyl.Doyouknow?—Itstandsfor“talktoyoulater55・A.howdoesitmeanB.howitmeansC.whatdoesitmeanD.whatitmeans5.（2017-江苏徐州・7）Wehaven"tdecidedyetwewillplaceournewfurniture・A・whereB.whatC.whyD・which6.（2017-江苏淮安・13）—Haveyoudecidedthissummerholiday?—Yes.ToParis.A.wheredoyougoB.whereyougoC.wherewillyougoD.whereyouwillgo7.（2017-湖北黄冈•39）—Summervacationiscoming!Couldyoutellme?—Xi"an.IreallywanttovisittheTerracottaArmy.A.whereareyougoingB・whatareyoudoingC・whereyouaregoingD・whatyouaredoing8.（2017-湖北黄石・40）—Excuseme,couldyoutellmetothenearestbank?一Gostraight.Itsacrossfromthepark・A.howcanIgetB.howIcangetC.whencanIgetD・whenIcanget9.（2017-江苏镇江・15）—HowisyourMayDayholiday,John?—Notbad.Youseemsohappy・Couldyoutellme?A.whatplaceyouhavebeentoB.ifyouvisityourgrandparentsC・whodidyouspendtheholidaywithD・thatyouwatchedafootballmatchKey:l-5:DBDDC6-10:CBCAD11-15:ADCBA一一模拟演练1.1hearmyparentsbackinthreedays. A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.coming2.Wouldyouliketoknowtheywilldoitornot?A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.why3.WhenH7N9birdflufirstappeared,peopledidn"tknowdoctorscouldcureit.A.讦B.thatC.whatD.why4.—Howsoonwillyoustartyourjourney?—Fmnotsure・Ihaven"tdecided・A.whenshallIaskthebossforleaveB.whereIwillgotospendtheholidayC・whetherIwouldgobytrainorbyplaneD・whocouldinvitemetogo5.Couldyoutellmeyesterday?——Becausemybikewasbrokenonmywayhere.A.whyyoucamelateB.whydoyoucomelateC・whyyoucomelateD.whydidyoucomelateKey:BCABA