高中英语语法情态动词专题练习 12页

模块四语法重点情态动词情态动词有can(could),may(might),must(must),,haveto,,shall(should),will(would),need(need),dare(dared),oughtto.情态动词无人称和数的变化，不能独立使用。它与其后边的动词原形构成谓语。(一)can和could的用法1.表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。Canyoufinishthisworktonight?Mancannotlivewithoutair.CanIgonow?Yes,youcan.注意:1)could也可表示请求，语气较委婉，主要用于疑问句，，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can。CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?Yes,youcan.(否定答语可用：No,I，mafraidnot.)2)can表示能力时,还可用beableto代替。Fllnotbeabletocomethisaftemoon.但当我们要表示“某件事已成功”时,应用“was(were)ableto”，而不能用“could”.Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveningandheenjoyedhimselfverymuch・2.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。)Canthisbetrue?Howcanyoubesocareless!Thiscannotbedonebyhim.(二)may和might的用法。1.表示许可。表示请求，允许时，might比may的语气委婉。否定回答时可用canl或mustn^t,表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。MightIuseyourpen?No,youmustntMayItakethisbookout?Yes,youcan./No,youcan"t(mustrTt).2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!3.表示推测、可能(不用于疑问句)。Hemaybeverybusynow.(三)must和haveto的用法。1.表示必须、必要。Youmustcomeintime.回答musl引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用muslrft,而要用needn,t或dorTlhavelo.Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?Yes,youmust.No,youdon"haveto.(Youneedn^t.)2.“mustbe+表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问形式用can代替must.Thismustbeyourpen.3.must和hdveto表示“必须”时，意思很相似，但有下列几点区别应注意：Dmust表示的是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则往往强调客观需要。比较：{Theplayisnotinteresting,1reallymustgonow・ IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage・2)must—般只表现在，haveto则有更多的时态形式。 3）must可以表示推断，而haveto则不能。4）询问对方的意愿时应用must.MustIcleanalltherooms?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn^t・5）二者的否定意义大不相同，mustnot表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告，意为“绝不可以”、“不准”、“不允许”。donHhaveto意为“不必”。比较：Youmustn"tgo•你决不可去。Youdon"havetogo•你不必去。（四）dare和need的用法。1.dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句屮，一般不用于肯定句。HowdareyousayFmunfair!Hedaren"tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?2.need表示“需要”或“必须”，做情态动词用时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一-般用must,haveto,oughtto,或should代替。Youneedn"tcomesoearly.NeedIfinishtheworktoday?Yes,youmust.3.dare和need常用作实意动词，又吋态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是，做实意动词吋，在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式；在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。Idaretoswimacrossthisriver.Hedoesnotdare（to）answe匚Don"tyoudare（to）touchit!Iwonderedhedared（to）saythat.Heneedtofinishitthisevening>（五）shall和should的用法。1.shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。Whatshallwedothisevening?2.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。Shallwebeginourlesson?Whenshallwebeabletoleavethehospital?3.shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Youshallfailifyoudon"tworkharder.（警告）HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.（允诺）Heshallbepunished.（威胁）4.should表示劝告、建议、命令。其同义词是oughtto.在疑问句中，通常用should代替oughtto.Youshouldgotoclassrightaway.ShouldIopenthewindow?（A）will和would的用法1.表示请求，建议等，would比will委婉客气。Wouldyoupassmethebook?2.表示意志、愿望和决心。Iwillneversothatagain.Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain.3.would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表过去习惯时比usedto正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 Thewoundwouldnotheal.Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek. 1.表示估计或猜想。Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome・Whatwouldshebedoingthere?Ithoughthewouldhavetoldyouallaboutit.（七）oughtto的用法1.oughtto表示"应该"（和should差不多，只是口气稍重一些），无人称或吋态变化。Yououghttotakecareofhim・注意：在美国英语中，OUghttO用于否定和疑问句时，9可以省略。Oughtyousmokesomuch?Yououghtn"tsmokesomuch.2.表示推测。注意与must表示推测吋的区别：Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Hemustbehomebynow.（断定他己到家）Heoughttobehomebynow・（不十分肯定）Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.（比较直率）.Thisiswheretheoiloughttobe.（比较含蓄）（八）“情态动词+不定式完成式”的用法1.-can（could）+不定式的完成式叩勺肯定式表示“本来可以做而实际上未能做某事”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidrTttryyourbest.Hecannothavebeentothattown.Canhehavegotthebook?2.“may（might）+不定式的完成式”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。Hemaynothavefinishedthework・Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlie匚Might所表示的可能性比may弱，语气较委婉。3.“nuist+不定式的完成式”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”。它的否定或疑问形式用can代替must.YoumusthaveseenthefilmTheGoldRush.HemusthavebeentoShanghai.4.Feed!Tt+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。Youneedn"thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.注意：didn"tneedto（haveto）do指“没有必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。Idicingneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit.5.-should+不定式的完成式”表示本应该做到而实际上没有做到。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn"t・Sheshouldn^havetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.注意：Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.（表推测）6.“will+不定式的完成式”表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。Hewillhavearrivedbynow.7.“oughtto+不定式的完成式"表示过去应做某事而实际未做。Yououghttohavehelpedhim（butyoudidn9t）. 这时，oughtto与should可以互相换用。（九）usedto,hadbetter,wouldrather的用法 1.usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态（现在已不复存在），在I"可接引语中，其形式可不变。Hetoldusheusedtoplayfootballwhenhewasyoung.在疑问句、否定句，否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：疑问句Didyouusetogotothesameschoolasyourbrother?Usedyoutogotothesameschoolasyourbrother否定句Iusedn^ttogothere.Ididn’tusetogothere・Usedn"t亦可拼作usen"to否定疑问句：Usen9tyoutobeinterestedinthetheatre?Didn"tyouusetobeinterestedinthetheatre?强调句：Icertainlyusedtosmoke,butitwasalongtimeago.Icertainlydidusetosmoke,butitwasalongtimeago.其反义疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：Sheusedtobeveryfat,jdidiftshe?luse（d）rftsheDidyouusetoplaychess?Yes,Idid.Usedyoutogetupearlyinthemorning?Yes,Idid./Yes,Iusedto.2.hadbetter意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。Wehadbettergonow.Hadn"twebetterstopnow?（Hadwebetternotstopnow?）IthinkFdbetterbegoing.（用于进行时态，表示“最好立即”。）Youhadbetterhavedonethat.（用于完成时态，表不未完成动作。）3.wouldrather意为"‘宁愿”，后接不带to的不定式。I"dratherdoitrightaway.（接动词原形，指现在或将来）I"drathernothavetoldherthenews.（接不定式完成式，指过去）由于wouldrather表选择，因而后可接than.Iwouldratherworkonafarmthaninafactory・IwouldratherwatchTVthangotoseethefilm.Iwouldratherloseadozencherrytreesthanthatyoushouldtellmeonelie.1.Acomputerthinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.D.mightnotD.shouldA.carftB.couldn"tC.maynot2.■一Couldborrowyourdictionary?…Yes,ofcourseyou.A.mightB.willC.can3.■一Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?一-Whichdoyourself?A.doyouratherB.wouldyouratherC・willyouratherD.shouldyourather4.Tomoughtnottomeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold5.Petercomewithustonight,,butheisrftverysureyet. A.mustB.mayC.canD.will ShallItellJohnaboutit?No,you・Fvetoldhimalready・D.shouldn"tA・needntB.wouldn^tC.mustn^tDoniforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.A.Idon"tB.Iwon"tC.Ican"tD.Ihaven"tTherewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.Itacomfortablejourney.A.can^tbeB.shouldn"tbeC.mustrfthavebeenD.couldn^thavebeenIt"snearlyseveno"clock.Jackbehereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC・shouldD.canJohnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A・won9tcarTtB.mustn^;mayC・shouldn^;mustD.can^t;shouldn^Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD・wasableto-一WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.■■-Theybereadyby12:00.A・canB.shouldC・mightD・needThenewairportiftheyhadnotstoppedworkingonit.A.wouldcompleteB.hadbeencompletedC.hadcompletedD・wouldhavebeencompletedIdidn"tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting・A・musm"thavespokenB.shouldn9thavespokenC・needn^thavespokenD.couldnThavespokenOneoughtforwhatonehasn"tdone.A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunishedC・tonotpunishedD.notbepunishedThatyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathenothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.A.couldB.mustC.wouldD.shouldChildrenatthebeginningofthiscenturyalotandthemselvesgreatlyevenwithouttelevision.A.usedtoread;enjoyingB.usedtoread;enjoyedC・wereusedtoreading;enjoyD・wereusedtoread;enjoyingalwayssomuch.D.benot;smokingD.mayD.oughttonothaveD.daredsayIfyoureallywantyourselftobeingoodhealth,youmust A.not;besmokingB・not;havesmokedC・not;to;smokeMichaelbeapoliceman,forhe，smuchtooshort.A・needntB.can"tC.shouldSusanwrittenareportlikethis.A.canhaveB.muslrflhaveC・can^thaveIwonderhowhethattotheteache匚A.daretosayB・daresayingC・notdaresayWhenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A・wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.mightYesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shesomethingshewouldregret later.A.hadsaidB.saidC・mightsayD.mighthavesaidSir,youbesittinginthiswaitingroom.11isforwomenandchildrenonly.A・oughtn"ttoB.can,C.worftD.needntJackyet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.A.mustn"thavearrivedB.shouldn"thavearrived.C・can"thavearrivedD.neednothavearrived―Idon^tmindtellingyouwhatIknow・—YouFmnotaskingyouforit.D.needn"tD.Iwon"tA.mustn"tB.maynotC・can"t…Willyoustayforlunch?-一Sorry,.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A・InwsmtB.Ican^tC.Ineedn^t…AreyoucomingtoJeff"sparty?-一Fmnotsure・Igototheconcertinstead.A.mustB・wouldC・shouldD.mightIwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.A・mustn^tleaveB.shouldn"thaveleftD・nccdn"leaveC・couldnTthaveleft…IsJohncomingbytrain?…Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC・needD・mayAleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebagsbeleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.willIoftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse・DoyouthinkIreportittothepolice?A.shouldB.mayC.willD.canYoubetired—-you^eonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.wontC・can^tD.maynot■一Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace?■一Sorry,Iamnotsure・But让be.A.mightB.willC.mustD.can-一Isn"tthatAmVshusbandoverthere?…No,itA.carftbehim—Fmsurehedoesn"twearglasses.B.mustnotC・won9tA.shouldD.maynotpayTracyavisit,butIamnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.B.mightC.wouldD.could—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?…Well,ifyouknow,hernameisMabel.A.mayB.canC・mustTom,you_A.wouldn"tleaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!B.mustn^tC・needrftD.shall.D.maynotJohn,lookatthetime.youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?A.MustB.CanC.MayD.NeedHehavecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn^tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn"tD・can"t 41.Therebeanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn9tB.shan7tC・shouldn"tD.needn^t42.Ihavebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened・A.shouldn"tB.couldn"tC.musingD.needn^