中考英语语法 50页

s中考英语语法第一课时英语的三个重要特征： 1.曲折变化形式相对较少 2.词汇比较开放性 3.句法灵活语法从两方面来研究： 1.词法 名词（noun）n.例：John,Beijing,pen,water,live,potato,tomato 代词（pronoun）pron.例：they,that,some 形容词（adjective）a.例：happy,young,clever,big 动词（verb）v.例：write,play,jump,sing,am/is/are,go,come,have 数词（numeral）num.例：thefirst/second/third,eight,hundred,million 副词（adverb）adv.例：always,very,clearly,hardly 冠词（article）art.例：a,an,the 介词（preposition）prep.例：from,on,between,of 连词（conjunction）conj.例：and,or,but,if,when 感叹词（interjection）interj.例：oh,aha,hello 2.名词名词的分类: 1.名词的定义:表示人、事物、抽象概念 2.分两类：专有名词与普通名词 第二种划分：可数名词(C)与不可数名词(U) 区分可数不可数名词非常重要， 1.不能完全按照汉语的逻辑来分 例：bread,furniture 2.可数名词与不可数名词不是一成不变的 总结: glass(玻璃),aglass(玻璃杯) paper(纸),apaper(论文) wood(木头)awood beauty,light等s s2.1.名词的数：名词如何以单数变为复数形式 1.通常,单数名词后面+s,例:book,table,lake,dog,cat 2.以ch,sh,s,x,z结尾的,+es,：match,bush,bus,box,quiz 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，y变i，再+es：例：lazy,family 4.以0结尾的名词,+es，初中学到的有四个，例：tomato,hero,potato等 其他的直接+s5.以f,fe结尾的，把f,fe变成v，再+es 不规则变化 第一种：tooth，teeth；foot，feet；goose，geese；ox，oxen；man，men；woman，women；child，children；mouse，mice；louse，lice 第二类：复数形式与单数形式是一样的 sheep,sheep;Chinese.Chinese;Japanese,japanese;deer,deer; fish,fish;shark,shark;2.2.名词的格 主宾格，也叫所有格；只有所有格才有形式上的变化 两种形式：(1)名词+"s；构成有生命的名词的属格 (2)of(介词)+名词；构成表示没有生命名词的属格3冠词不定冠词a,an 定冠词the 不定冠词a,an a用在以辅音发音开头的可数名词前面；an用在元音发音的词前面 不定冠词a，来源于数字one；与可数名词单数连接第二课时a,an,the的用法： 1.不定冠词aan,用在单数的可数名词之前，表示某一个 2.用在单数名词之前，翻译成任何、每一，用来表示泛指 3.文章中第一次出现，我们用a,an；第二次提到则用the 4.固定搭配： 5.一定不能用a，an的情况定冠词the的用法 1.定冠词与名词连用，表示特指Manypeoplecomeheretovisittheolds sschool 2.定冠词出现在文章中第二次出现的名词之前Igotaletteryesterday.theletterwassentbye-mail.Theywentintoaroom.Theroomwasfullofpeople. 3.用在双方都知道的人和事物的情况Let’sgototheclassroom..Pleaseclosethedoor. 4.表示世界上，宇宙中独一无二的事物Thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky,theuniverse,theworld 5.定冠词用在序数词之前，表示顺序Iliveonthethirdfloor.Thethird,thesecond,thefirst 6.用在形容词最高级之前Themostbeautifulgirl,themostinteresting 7.乐器的前面一般也要加thePlaythepiano,playtheviolin,playtheguitar 8.用在某些名词或形容词之前表示某一类，一个民族，一个阶层TheChinese,therich,thepoor,theold,theyoung,thedead,theliving,thedeaf注意：后面的动词要用复数形式如theoldaren’talwayshappy.9.有些国家名词之前要加thethePeople’sRepbulicofChina,theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom10用在公共建筑前面，theBeijingstation,theGreatWall,thehistorymuseum10.用在表示机关，团体等名词之前theStateCouncil（国务院）12.固定搭配：inthemiddleof,tellthetruth,telllies,intheair（在空中）,inthedistance,intheend,ontheright,ontheleft,bytheway,inthedark,inthefuture,13.不用定冠词the (1)不用在所有格词与物主形容词之后itismybag (2)不用在复数名词之前 (3)固定用法，例：gohome,gotoschool,gotobed (4)交通工具前面不加冠词，例：bycar,byship,byplane,onfoot (5)表学科之前不加theIamlearningFrenchnow.English,Chinese,mathematics,art,music,history (6)月份，季节，节日，星期之前不加NationalDay,Teacher’sDay,MerryChrismas,happynewyear,onMonday,inJanuary,inFeburary,inspring,inwinter (7)头衔之前也不加heismonitorofourclass.Heismanagerofourcompany,BushispresidentoftheUS. (8)固定词组中不加 例：athome,bymistake,learnsthbyheart,atfirst, s sdayandnight,atlast,inhospital,inperson(亲自),makefunof makeroomfor（为。。。腾地方）,makesense（有道理）,makefriendswith练习题1.—Arethose________?—No,theyaren"t.They"re________.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows2.________aremadeofmetalandwood.A.KnivesB.KnifesC.KniviesD.knives3.Howwonderful!The________ismadeof________.A.house;glassB.house;glassesC.houses;glassD.houses;glasses4.September10is________Day.A.Teachers"B.Teacher"sC.TeacherD.Teachers5.Couldyougiveme________please?A.twopieceofpaperB.twopieceofpapersC.twopiecesofpaperD.twopiecesofpapers6.—WhichofthefollowinganimalslivesonlyinChina?—The________.A.monkeyB.elephantC.pandaD.cat7.What"stheChinesefor"PRC"?A.中国人民解放军B.中华人民共和国C.联合国D.中国共产党8.Ican"tgetonthebus,becausethereis________onit.A.notanyroomsB.noroomsC.littleroomD.fewroom9.March8is________Day.A.Womans"B.Womens"C.Woman"sD.Women"s10.—WhatcanIdoforyou?—I"dlike________andamooncake.A.somemilkB.somemilksC.anymilkD.anymilks11.Thevegetablemarketis________walkfromourschool.A.aquarterofanhours"B.aquarter-of-an-hour"sC.aquarterofanhour"sD.aquarter-of-an-hours"12.Therearetwelve________inayear.A.monthB.monthesC.monthsD.themonths s13.Howmany________arethereinyourfamily?A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeople14.NewYorkisacityin________.A.theUSAB.JapanC.FranceD.Australia15.Thepeople"sRepublicofChinawasfounded________.A.onOctober1,1949B.1949,onOctober1C.inOctober1,1949D.1949,inOctober116.It"sabout________walkfrommyhometothepark.A.twohours.B.twohour"sC.twohours"D.twoofhours17.Weforgotbothofthe________.A.rooms"numbersB.roomnumberC.room"snumbersD.roomnumbers18.Thosebooksintheclassroomare________.A.JimandDickB.Jim"sandDick"sC.Jim"sandDickD.JimandDick"s19.Physics________adifficultlesson,soI"mgoingtodropit.A.isB.wasC.areD.were20.LiuMetisa________girl,sheistheshortestoneinherclass.A.sixteen-years-oldB.sixteen-old-yearsC.sixteen-year-oldD.sixteen-old-year52.Thoughthefirstletteris________"u"intheword"useful",wemustsay"________usefulbook".A.a;aB./;aC./;anD.an;an53.________herealwayssitbefore________TVsetwatchingfootballmatchesiftheyhavetime.A.Thepeople;/B.People;theC.People;/D.Thepeople;a54.Therearesixofficesonthefifthfloorand________biggestoneisMrTang"s.A.aB.anC.theD.不填55.Wecan"tsee________sunat________night.A.a;/B.a;theC.the;/D.the;the56.We"llgiveourEnglishteacheracardfor________A.TheTeacher"sDayB.Teacher"sDayC.ATeacher"sDayD.Teachers"Day57.________BrownsaregoingtotheparkthisSunday.A.AB.AnC.D.The58.Thefootballhithim________.A.intheheadB.onhisfaces sC.inhisfaceD.onthehead59.Doyouknow________girloverthereinaredcoat?A.aB.anC.theD./60.________usefulgameyouareplaying!A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.How61.Theyhad________after________supperthatevening.A.agoodtime...theB.goodtime.../C.goodtime...theD.agoodtime.../62.Thereis________"u"intheword"found"and________letterisinthemiddleofthisword.A.an;theB.a;theC.a;aD.the;the数词基数词 （1）表示数目数量的多少的词 （2）基本的基数词： 13－19应该注意的词：thirteen,fifteen,eighteen 20-90应该注意的词：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty 几十几：21twenty-one32thirty-two 三位数：148onehundredandforty-eight 414fourhundredandfourteen 千以上的数字：thousand，million，billion 2510twothousend,twohoundredandten 84296eighty-fourthousend,twohounrendandninety-six 序数词 表示数目顺序的词，一般在词尾加th，例：fourth 第1－第19：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth 第20－第90：基数词的y变成i，再加eth，例：thirtieth 千百万直接加th，hundredth,thousendth,millionth 几十几：只有个位用序数词。132onehundredandthirty-second数词的句法功能： 相当于名词和形容词的句法功能 主语，宾语，表语，定语，同位 例：Twowerelateyesterday. Iameigthteen. Givemefour. Wehavesixsubjectsthisterm. WetwohavebeentoBeijing.数词的应用 1.数词表示钟点 (1)基数词+o"clock。 s s-Wahttimeisit. -Itisfiveo"clock./Itisfive. Weoftengetupatsixo"clock.2.表示编号 例：lessonone,thefirstlesson charpertwo,thesecondcharper busNO.three,theNO.thirdbus 3.表示年月日 例：公元前358，读：threefifty－eightB.C 公元573，读：fiveseventy－threeA.D 1997年，读：nineteenninety-seven 1900年，读：nineteenhounred 1905年，读：nineteenhounredandfive 2000年，读：twothousand 2005年，读：twothousandandfive the1990"s或1990s，读：thenineteennineties the20thcentury，读：thetwentiethcentury 1月January2月February3月March4月April5月May6月June7月July 8月August9月September10月October11月November12月December2003年10月1日：Oct.thefirst,twothousandthree第三课时4.用数词表示分数 例：1/4onefourth3/4threefourths 1/4aquarter3/4threequarters 1/2ahalf形容词定义：有形容功能、形容作用的词；用来描写或者修饰名词、代名词（简称代词）； 说明人或者事物的归属类、性质、状态、大小或者数量； 形容词的分类：（按照不同的标准） 简单形容词：good(好的)、small(小的) 复合形容词：homesick(想家的)、goodlooking(好看的)、easygoing(随和的) 形容词在句子中的作用（用法）： 1）在句子中做定语，做名词的前置定语； 这是本有趣的书。 Itisaninterestingbook.agoodman、agoodlookinggirl s s2）在句子中做表语； 表语一般放在系动词后； 例：Heisill.我一个人在那个房子里。Iwasaloneinthehouse.3）在句子中做补语（宾语补足语）； 例：这个好消息使他很高兴。Thegoodnewsmadehimhappy. Hewasbornrich.形容词在句子中出现的位置： 1）在名词短语中，形容词做定语修饰名词时； 位置通常是：限定词＋形容词＋名词（形容词在名词前面） 例：这是本有趣的书。Thisisaninterestingbook. 她有一件漂亮的裙子。Shehasabeautifuldress. Sheismybestfriend.blacktea（红茶）sweetpotato（红薯）. 注意：在不定代词出现的时候，形容词修饰不定代词，形容词后置； 不定代词：这个代词并不确定这个名词是何物或者何人 例：somethinganythingnothingeverythingsomebodysomeone anybodyanyoneeverybodyeveryonenobodynoone Ihavesomethingimportanttosay. Thereissomethingwrongwithmycar.多个形容词如何排列位置形容词分为：1）观点形容词；完全表述个人主观上对事物的看法； goodlovelybeautifulhandsomeuglyclever 2）事实形容词；用来描述事物本身固有特征的； blueyellowdarkwhiteroundsquare a、表示尺寸大小的； bigsmalllongshorthighlow b、表示形状的形容词； wideroundsquaretriangle c、表示一件事物新旧的；newold d、表示颜色的；blackpurpleredyellowgraycolourful e、表示国籍、出处的：EnglishChineseJapaneseGermanAsiaAmerican f、表示质地、材料的；stonewoodpapersilvermetal 一般先说观点形容词，再说事实形容词； 例：一件漂亮的白色的衣服。Itisabeautifulwhitedress. 这是一个很好的红苹果。Agoodredapple.s s事实形容词出现时顺序：abcdef+名词例：一张大大的、圆圆的木头桌子。一个黑色的、小小的塑料袋子。 largeroundwoodenblacksmallplastic Alargeroundwoodentable.Asmallblackplaticbag. 例：一张又大又漂亮的，红色的，中国式的旧木桌。 AbeautifulbigoldredChinesewoodentable.第四课时形容词的三个级别即：形容词的原级、比较级、最高级；形容词的原级 所谓形容词原级就是形容词本身，用来描述人与人，事与事之间在某一方面相同或不同； as+形容词原级+as以什么什么的一样的怎么样。 例：他和他的父亲一样的高。 Heisastallashisfather. notas+形容词原级+as notso+形容词原级+as 例：他没有他的父亲高。 Heisnotso/astallashisfather.形容词的比较级和最高级 大多数形容词的比较级和最高级都是在词尾＋词缀er/est; 部分形容词的比较级和最高级是在词前＋more/most; 形容词的最高级前＋定冠词the 形容词分为：单音节双音节多音节 单音节一般在词尾＋er/eststrong/stonger/stongest cheap/cheaper/cheapest small/smaller/smallest 以"e"结尾的单音节词在词尾＋r/stwide/wider/widest fine/finder/finest brave/braver/bravest 如果是闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母＋er/estthin/thinner/thinnest big/bigger/biggest fat/fatter/fattest双音节以"er"结尾＋er/estclever/cleverer/cleverest s s以"ow"结尾＋er/estnarrow/narrower/narrowest 以"le"结尾＋r/stgentle/gentler/gentlest 其他的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词前＋more/most 多音节比较级和最高级是在词前＋more/most difficult/moredifficult/themostdifficult wonderfull/morewonderful/themostwonderful quiet/quieter/quietest/morequiet/themostquiet形容词的不规则变化： goodbetterbestwellbetterbest badworseworstillworseworst manymoremostmuchmoremost farfartherfarthest/furtherfurthest farther指距离上的远Canyouwalkanyfarther? further指抽象上的远，与距离无关；furthereducationoldolderoldest/eldereldest olderoldest指年纪的老，一种东西的旧； eldereldest指家族中的长幼；myeldestsister姐姐 eldestson长子little1）小的；后加可数名次alittleboy,alittleskirt,alittlerestrant,alittlebook 此意义下，little无比较级和最高级；用smaller,smallest代替； 2）少量的；littlemoney,alittlemilk, 比较级less最高级least形容词比较级的考点： 1）形容词比较级＋than 例：这课比上一课容易。Thislessoniseasyerthanthelastone. 2）the＋比较级＋the＋比较级越怎么样，越怎么样 themorethemore,thebetter,thecolder 例：越吃药，我的感觉越糟。 ThemoremedicineItake,theworseIseeingtofeel. Thehigher,thecolder. Themorelearnitamanis,themoremodestheusuallyis. 3）形容词比较级前的修饰词 alittle,alot,much,far,no HeistallerthanI. HeisalittletallerthanI. HeisalottallerthanI.光速比声速快Lighttravelsfasterthansound. Lighttravelsalotfasterthansound. Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.Heisshorterthanhisbrother. s sHeisalittleshorterthanhisbrother.形容词最高级的构成： 形容词的最高级表示在一定的范围内（整个集体、整个事件、整个同类事物或者人中），某类事，或者某类人在兴致高低或者大小等等方面，程度最高或者最低。 形容词最高级的基本结构是： the+形容词的最高级＋比较的范围 范围如何表示？ ofin的介词短语，that从句 例：他是他们班最高的男孩。Heisthetallestboyinhisclass. Thisisthebestofall. 这是我所看过的电影中最有趣的一部。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveseen.无比较级、最高级的形容词： 1）表示国家的形容词： English 2）表示起源的形容词； 3）一些有绝对意义的形容词； blind(瞎的)wrong(错的)dead(死的)living(活着的) 4）本身表示极限色彩的形容词； perfect(完美的)final(最终的)wonderful(绝妙的)副词副词（adverb）可以修饰动词；形容词；其他副词或者全句子。 用来说明时间、方式、程度等概念； 副词的分类： 1）时间副词；是指可以表示确切时间，表明或暗示某时，某种时间关系，即时间的先后顺序，早晚等的副词。 用于回答when,howlong等问题； 例：yesterday,often,already,soon,later,then 2）频率副词；是指表示日常习惯性的时间副词，和表示某种情况程度的极限副词。 例：once,twice,again,never,always,hardly,usually,sometimes 3）地点副词；是表示某一动作发生或某一状态存在所处的地点，具体位置，及其他位置关系的副词。 用于回答where 例：thereeverywhereinoutsidebelowupstairover4）方式副词；用于说明某一动作或某一状态存在的方式 s s这类副词经常以"ly"结尾。 用于回答“以什么样的方式”这种问题。 例：politely,carefully,slowly 5）程度副词；表示某种情况极限的副词。 用于回答“到什么程度”这种问题。 例：very,too,nearly,almost,rather,much 6）疑问副词；用来提出特殊疑问句的副词。 例：how,when,where,howmany,howoften,why副词的用法： 1）修饰动词； Herunfast.writecarefully,goquickly 2）修饰形容词； Sheishappy. Sheisveryhappy. Sheistoohappy. 3）修饰另一个副词； Thankyouverymuch. 4）修饰介词、介词短语； Theyarrivedontime. Theyarrivedjustontime. 5）修饰整个句子； lucklyShewasnothurt.Luckly,shewasnothurt.练习：78.Whata________cough!Youseem________ill.A.terrible;terriblyB.terribly;terribleC.terrible;terribleD.terribly;terribly79.Johndrivesas________asTom.A.carefullyB.carefulC.niceD.fine80.I"mnotsurewhetherMarycansing________Mabel.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.sogoodasD.asbetteras81.Chineseis________moredifficultthanEnglish.A.mostB.veryC.manyD.much82.ThismorningLiMinggotup________earlierthanusual.A.veryB.muchC.tooD.quite83.Whichisthe________city,Shanghai,BeijingorTianjin?A.largeB.largers sC.largestD.morelarge84.Todaymysisterisfeeling________togotothefactory.A.enoughgoodB.goodenoughC.wellenoughD.enoughwell85.Whichis________,LessonFiveorLessonSix?A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting86.Sheis________thananyothergirlinherclass.A.thinerB.thinnerC.thinD.thethinnest87.________allthestudentsinhisclass,XiaoMingwrites________.A.Of;mostcarefullyB.In;themostcarefulC.Of;verycarefullyD.In;muchmorecarefully88.ThepopulationinChongqingisthe________ofallthecitiesinChina.A.mostB.biggestC.largestD.highest97.________doglayatthegate.A.AnoldyellowB.AyellowoldC.Ayellow-oldD.Yellowandold参考答案：78—88AAADBCCBBAC97A动词动词动词的时态(thetensesofverbs)在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或者状态要用不同的动词形式来表示四大类：现在，过去，将来，过去将来每一大类又分四小类：一般，进行，完成，完成进行时 1.一般现在时(thesimplepresenttense) 用来表示主语的现在的职业，性格，状态和特征等 例：Hisbrotherisaworker. SheisateacherofEnglish. Idon’tlikeyou. Theyareinhighspirits.用来表示主语的能力；还可表示主语经常、反复或习惯性的动作，通常跟always,usually,often,everyday等表示时间频度的状语 例：Thelittlegirlwritesabeautifulhand. Doessheusuallygotoyouforadvice. Theytakeawalkaftersuppereveryday. Thestudentsgotoseetheoldmantwiceamonth. 在时间和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时替代一般将来时. s s例：Ifyouseehim,tellhimtocomeplease!构成：主要用动词原形表示；如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词后+s或者+es 一般动词+s：help,helps;swim,swims;enoy,enjoys;leave,leaves 以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词+es,和名词变复数很相似 例：teaches,guesses,washes,goes 以o结尾的动词一般加es,以辅音字母+y的动词，把y变成i，再加es 例：fly，flies;study,studies;have,has;be,is;am(第一人称单数);are(第二人称单数以及所有人称复数) 肯定，否定，一般疑问式及回答，以行为动词work为例 肯定：Iwork./Wework./Youwork./Theywork. 否定：Idon"twork./Wedon"twork./Youdon"twork. Theydon"twork. 一般疑问及回答：-DoIwork?-Yes,youdo. -No,youdon"t 第三人称单数： 肯定：He/Sheworks. 否定：He/Shedoesn’twork. 一般疑问及回答：-Doeshework?-Yes,he/shedoes. -No,he/shedoesn’t.2.一般过去时(thesimplepasttense) 表示过去的经常、反复发生的事情或习惯性的动作 例：WhenIwasinBeijing,Ioftenwentshoppinghere. WheneverIwenttohisoffice,Iwouldfindhimreadingandwriting.叙述过去连续发生的一系列动作 例：Sheenteredtheroom,pickedupamapandlookedatitcarefully. Thestudentsgotupearlyinthemorning,didmorningexercisesandthenreadEnglishaloudintheopenair（在户外）. Jackenteredtheoffice,tookoffhisraincoatandputonacleancoat.一般带特定过去时间状语 例：ThefirstradiobroadcastwasheardonDecember24,1906. Theoldmanfellillallofasuddenjustnow. Wevisitedthatplacethedaybeforeyesterday构成：用动词过去式表示 规则动词：原形+ed/d 在动词原形后加ed，在清辅音后发/t/，在浊辅音和元音后发 /d/，在t,d后发/id/ 结尾以e结尾，直接加d 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字 母，再加ed 结尾是辅音字母加y的动词，去y加ied was用于第一、三人称单数，其它人称用were接下来看下一般过去时的肯定、否定、一般疑问以及回答。以动词come为例s sIcame.Ididn’tcome.DidIcome?Yes,youdid./No,youdidn’t.Youcame.Youdidn’tcome.Didyoucome?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.He/Shecame.He/Shedidn’tcome.Didhe/shecome?Yes,he/shedid./No,he/shedidn’t.Wecame.Wedidn’tcome.Didwecome?Yes,youdid./No,youdidn’t.Youcame.Youdidn’tcome.Didyoucome?Yes,wedid./No,wedidn’t.Theycame.Theydidn’tcome.Didtheycome?Yes,theydid./No,theydidn’t.BeIwas.Iwasn’t.WasI?Yes,youwere./No,youweren’t.He/Shewas.He/Shewasn’t.Washe/she?Yes,he/shewas./No,he/shewasn’t.Itwas.Itwasn’t.Wasit?Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.Wewere.Weweren’t.Werewe?Yes,youwere./No,youweren’t.Youwere.Youweren’t.Wereyou?Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.Yes,wewere./No,weweren’t.Theywere.Theyweren’t.Werethey?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.3.一般将来时(thefuturetense) 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，通常使用表示将来的时间状语Shewillcometoseeyouthedayaftertomorrow.SomeforeignerswillvisitourschoolthisFriday.Therewillbeafootballmatchat7thisevening. 1）表示一种倾向Flowerswilldiewithoutwater.Waterwillchangeintoiceinwinter. 2）表示一种推测Thiswillbeyoureldersister,Iguess.Ithinkshewillbeallrightnow. 3）表示将来经常做的事情Shewillcomeandworkinthisfactoryeveryyear.Theywillgotothetrainingcenteronceeveryotherday. 4）表示计划、安排或约定要做的事Howareyougoingtospendyourtwo-dayweedend?Theswimmingpoolwillbeopentothepublicfromtomorrowon.构成：shall/will+动词原形第一人称I,we用shall或will.I/Weshall或I/Wewill其他人称用will.He/She/It/You/TheywillworkI/Weshallwork.I/Weshallnotwork.I/Weshan’twork.ShallI/wework?Yes,I/weshall./No,I/Weshan’t.I/Wewillwork.I/Wewillnotwork.I/Wewon’twork.WillI/wework?Yes,I/wewill./No,I/Wewon’t.He/She/You/Theywillwork.He/She/You/Theywon’twork..WillHe/She/You/Theywork?Yes,He/She/You/Theywill.s sNo,He/She/You/Theywon’t.begoingto多用于口语中，含有打算、计划、准备做某事或表示很可能会发生Mr.Greenisgoingtobuyanewcar.Thereisgoingtobeawonderfulfilminourschooltonight.Darkcloudsaregathering.It’sgoingtorain.Iamgoingtobeillthisafternoon.(我今天下午很可能会生病。)4.现在进行时(thepresentcontinuoustense) 表示动作此时此刻正在发生Heisreadingabooknow.Thehandsoftheclockarepointtohalfpasteight. 表示现阶段正在进行而不一定是说话时发生的我家里有个电脑，我有个朋友想借我的电脑用，但是我说不能，我的妹妹现阶段正在使用，说话的时候不一定在用，我可以说Mysisterisusingmycomputer.Whatisshedoing?她最近在忙什么呢？Sheisworkingonapaperthesedays.（该动作此时并不一定在进行） 常常带有某种感情色彩王先生在学校工作的很出色，要表示赞美之情，可以说Mr.Wangisdoingfineworkatschool.我弟弟总是乱丢东西，这是一种埋怨之声，也可以用进行时表达Mybrotherisalwaysleavingthingsaround.构成：助动词be+现在分词readIamreading.Iamnotreading.He/Sheisreading.He/Sheisnotreading.We/You/Theyarereading.We/You/Theyarenotreading.一般疑问句把am,is,are提前，肯定、否定的回答。5.过去进行时(thepastcontinuoustense) 定义：表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，通常由表示过去 时间的状语、状语从句或者上下文来表示时间的关系来指引出来。ShewasreadinganEnglishnovelfrom7to8lastnight.AtthattimehewasworkinginaschoolinBeijing.Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?Whenwearrivedthere,theywerehavingameeting.I’msorryIdidn’tcome.Iwaswritingapaper.(根据上下文来推断)Washeplayingwithyou?Whydidn’tIseehim?一般过去时和过去进行时的区别：它们所强调的不一样，过去进行时往往用于强调时间的长度，而一般过去时强调单纯的过去事实，比如itsnowedallnight.Itwassnowingallnight.TheteacherofEnglishpreparedforhislessonfrom7to12lastnight.TheteacherofEnglishwaspreparingforhislessonfrom7to12lastnight. 构成：be(was/were)+现在分词Works sI/He/She/Itwasworking.We/You/Theywereworking.否定、一般疑问及回答。6.现在完成时(thepresentperfecttense) 表示过去发生的动作或情况到说话的时候已经结束或可能继续进行下.Tomhasbeenillforawholeweek.Jackhaslivedheresincechildhood.Howmanypageshaveyoucoveredtoday?强调过去某一时刻到说话时的这段时间中的经验或者经历.Afewofthemhavelearntthenewwordsbyheart.Hisparentshavebeenworkersformorethan20years.HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?BakerhaslivedfortwoyearsinChina.着眼于过去的动作对现在所产生的结果和影响，把过去和现在紧密的联系起来.WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoangry?构成：have/has+动词的过去分词workHe/She/Ithasworked.I/We/You/Theyhaveworked.否定，一般疑问及回答。动词的定义：表示动作的状态。 例：run（跑步），work（工作），sleep（睡觉），love（爱），stop（停止） give（给），smoke（吸烟），agree（同意）； 动词的分类（按照不同的方式）： 1根据动词在句子中的用途分为： 实义动词：在句子中表示有关主语的动作或状态的主要动词； 例：study（学习），walk（步行），sing（唱歌），dance（跳舞） 助动词：auxiliaryverbhelpingverb 和实义动词一起构成不同时态、语气或者语态的动词 例：do,have,can,be动词 2根据动词能否有宾语分为： 及物动词：(vt)transitiveverb可以直接加宾语 例：买本书buyabook 不及物动词：(vi)intransitiveverb不可以直接加宾语 例：去学校gotoschool系动词：联系动词linkingverb加表语，构成主系表结构 如：amisarelookseemsoundtaste后加名词或形容词 3根据动词的过去式与过去分词的变化是否规则分为： 规则动词：regularverb以"ed"结尾 例：playplayedplayed 不规则动词：irregularverbs s例：putputputcutcutcut buyboughtboughtpaypaidpaid seesawseengowentgone动词的语态：动词要通过某种特殊形式来表示主语是动作的实施者、执行者还是 动作的承受者。 例：动作的执行者他写这本书。Hewrotethebook. 动作的接受者Thebookiswrittenbyhim. 动词的五大基本形式： 动词原型、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词 1)动词原型前面不加"to"的动词不定式形式； 如：have,play,go,work,study 2）第三人称单数形式主语是第三人称单数：hesheit 时态是现在一般时（一般现在时）的时候动词的形式 a、一般在动词原型后＋"s"; 如：knowknows;helphelps;staystays b、在动词原型后＋"es"; 适用于：以"ch","sh","s","x","o"结尾的单词 如：watchwatches;wishwishes;dodoes;guessguessesc、以辅音字母加"y"结尾的单词，变"y"为"i"加"es"。 如：carrycarries;studystudies3）过去式，过去分词 规则动词以"ed"结尾； 如：reachreached;workworked;endended;borrowborrowed wantwanted;killkilled 以"e"结尾，加"d"; 如：likeliked;arrivearrived;hopehoped 辅音字母加"y"结尾的,去掉"y"，加"ied" 如：studystudied;crycried 重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个字母，加"ed" 如：dropdropped;begbegged;stopstopped 不规则动词变化没有规律；4）现在分词动词原型+"ing"系动词分为： 1）状态系动词表示一种状态 如：seem（似乎）；keep（保持）；be;stay 2）感官系动词 如：sound;look;smell;taste;feel 3）变成系动词 如：become;turn;get;go Sheisbeautiful. Somebodylooksgood. s ssmellsgood;smellsstink;tastebitter第五课时动词的时态 时：指时间。现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时 态：指态式。一般式、完成式、进行式、完成进行式 八大基本时态： 1）一般现在时Ido. Alexisabusdriverbutnowheisinbedasleep. Hedrivesabus. drive;work;is 用来表示一段时间发生的动作或行为。 Nurseslookafterpatientsinhospitals. Iusuallygoawayatweekends. Theearthgoessurroundthesun. Iwork,butheworks.Theyteach,butmysisterteaches.Iwork.疑问句：DoIwork?否定句：Idon"twork. IcomefromCanada.Wheredoyoucomefrom? Whatdoesthiswordmean? 用来表示经常发生的动作或行为： Igetupateighto"clockeverymorning. Howoftendoyougotothedentist. Anndoesnotdrinkteaveryoften. Insummer,Jornusuallyplayestennisonceortwiceaweek.标志词：always,usually,sometimes,hardly,never2）现在进行时Iamdoing. 例：Annisinhercar,sheisonherwaytowork.Sheisdrivingtowork. be+动词ing Iamdoingsomething.He/She/Itisdoingsomething. We/You/Theyaredoingsomething. a、表示一个动作此时此刻正在进行例：Pleasedon"tmakesomuchnoise.Iamworking. Whereismagret?Sheishavingabathe. Let"sgooutnow,itisn"traininganymore.Hello,Jane,areyouenjoyingtheparty? s sIamtired,Iamgoingtobednow.时间提示语：listen,look,mow,b、表示一个动作现阶段正在进行 Iamreadinganinterestingbookatthemoment,IwouldlendittoyouwhenI finishit. 例：SheislearningItalian Somefriendsofminearebuildingtheirownhouse,theyhopeitwillbefinishedbeforenextsummer.时间提示语：today,thisweek,thisevening,thesedays, 例：Youareworkinghardtoday.现在进行时Iamdoing.（表示暂时的情况） 进行时表示说话时正在发生的行为，动作并没有完成。过去、现在、将来，现在进行时一般着眼于现在的一个时刻。 例：Thewaterisboiling,canyouturnitoff? Listentothosepeople,Whatlanguagearetheyspeaking? 一般现在时Ido.（表示永久的事实） 表示一般行为，不断重复的发生的行为，它一般包含了过去、现在、将来。 例：Waterboilsatonehundreddegrees. Excuseme,doyouspeakenglish? Letsgoout,itisn"trainingnow.Itdoesn"trainverymuchinsummer. Iamgoingtobednow.Ialwaysgotobedbeforemidnight. MariaisinBritainnow,sheislearningEnglisn. Mostpeoplelearntoswimwhentheyarechildren.Iamlivingwithsomefriends,untilfindtheflat. MyparientsliveinLondon,theyhavelivetherealltheirlives. Youareworkinghardtoday. Joneisn"tlazy,heworksveryhardmostofthetime.判断句子正误： 1、Waterboilsatonehundreddegrees.(T) 2、Thewaterboils,canyouturnitoff?(F) Thewaterisboiling,canyouturnitoff. 3、Look,themantriestoopenthedoorofyourcar.(F) Look,themanistryingtoopenthedoorofyourcar. 4、Canyouhearthosepeople?Whatdotheytalkabout?(F) Canyouhearthosepeople?Whataretheytalkingabout? 5、Themoongoessurroundthearth.(T) 6、Imustgonow,itgetslate.(F) Imustgonow,itisgettinglate. 7、Iusuallygotoworkbycar.(Ts s) 8、Hurryup,it"stimetoleave.Ok,Icome.(F) Hurryup,it"stimetoleave.Ok,Iamcoming9、Ihearyouhavegotanewjob,howdoyougeton?(F) Ihearyouhavegotanewjob,howareyougettingon?两者的简单区别： 现在进行时只用于表示动作或发生的事情； Theyareeating.Itisraining. know,like 一些表示人的思维活动、心里活动、好骛的词是没有进行时的，用现在时代替进行时。 如：like,love,hate,want,need,perfer,know,realise,suppose,mean,understand, belive,remember,forget,belong,contain,consist,depend,seen 当think,表示“认为”时，没有进行时，表示“思索”时，有进行时。 仅当have表示“拥有”时，没有进行时。表示“五感”时。除了"feel"之外，see,hear,smell,taste都没有进行时。 Thisroomsmells,let"sopenthewindow.Listen,canyouhearsomething?3）一般过去时Idid. Iworkinthetravelagencynow,beforethatIworkedinashop. Weinvitedthemtoourparty,buttheydecidednottocome. Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight. 一般过去时的疑问句和否定句用did和didn"t加动词原型。 Ienjoied.Didyouenjoy?Ididn"tenjoy. Shesaw.Didshesee?Shedidn"tsee. Theywent.Didtheygo?Theydidn"tgo. am/is-was,are-were I/she/he/it+was/wasn"twe/you/they+were/weren"t 例：Iwasangry,becausetheywerelate. Wastheweathergood?Whenyouwereonholiday. Theyweren"tabletocome,becausetheyweresobusy. Didyougooutlastnight?Wereyoutootired?4）过去进行时Iwasdoing. was/were+doing 表示过去某时某人正在进行的动作，这个动作或者情况在这以前就已经开始了，但还没有完成或结束。 YesterdayKaryandJimplaytennis.Theybeganat10o"clock,andfinishat11:15. Soat10:15,theywereplayingtennis. 例：ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginbrazil. Whatwereyoudoingatteno"clocklastnight? Iwavedtoher,butshewasn"tlooking. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：s s 过去进行时指动作在进行中；一般过去时指完成的动作；例：Iwaswalkinghome,whenImetDave. Iwalkedhomeafterthepartylastnight.Heburnnedhishandwhenhewascookingthedinner. Isawyouintheparkyesterday,youweresittingonthegrassandreadingabook. WhileIwasworkinginthegarden,Ihurtmybeg. IwaswalkingalongtheroadwhenIsawDave,soIstoppedandwehadachat. WhenKelvinarrivedwehaddinner. WhenKelvinarrivedwewerehavingdinner. Weweregoodfriends.Weknewenchotherwell. IwasenjoyingthepartybutChriswantedtogohome.5）现在完成时Ihavedone. Tomislookingforhiskey,hecan"tfindit.Hehaslosthiskey. have+done I/we/they/you+havedoneshe/he/it+hasdone loselost,dodone,am/is/arebeen,writewritten 例：Whereisyoukey?Idon"tknow.Ihavelostit. Hetoldmehisname,butIhaveforgottenit. It"ssallyhere?Noshehasgoneout. Ican"tfindmybike,haveyouseenthat? Ihavecutmyfinger. Theroadisclosd,therehasbeenanaccident. 时间标志：just(方才，刚刚),already(已经),yet(到目前为止) 例：Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?No,thanks.I"vejusthadlunch. Hello,haveyoujustarrived? Don"tforgettopostletter!Ihavealreadypostedit! WhattimeisMarkleaving?Heisalreadygone. Hasitstoppedrainingyet? Ihavewrittentheletter,butIhaven"tpostediyyet.havegoneto与havebeento区别 havegoneto离开 havebeento曾经去过 Jimisawayonholiday.HehasgonetoSpain. Janeisbackfromholidaynow.ShehasbeentoItalian.HaveyoutravelalotJane? Yes,Ihavebeentolotsofplaces. Really?HaveyoueverbeentoChian? Yes,IhavebeentoChinatwice. WhataboutIndia? s sNo,IhavenotbeentoIndia. 表示开始于过去，持续到现在一段时间内发生的动作。 Wehaveneverhadacar. Haveyoureadhamlet? No,Ihaven"treadanyofShakespeare"splays. Susanreallylovesthatfilm.Shehasseenit8times. Whataboringfilm.ItisthemostboringfilmIhaveeverseen.时间标志：recently,inthelastfewdays,sofar,since, 例：HaveyouheardfromGeorgrecently? Ihavemetalotofpeopleinthelastfewdays. Everythingisgoingwell,wehaven"thadanyproblemsofar. IamhungryIhavenoteatenanythingsincebreakfast. It"snicetoseeyouagain,wehavenotseeneachortherforalongtime. Tomislookingforhiskey.Hecan"tfindit.Hehaslosthiskey. Hehasthekeynow.Hashelosthiskey?No,hehasn"t.Hehasfoundit. Didhelosethekey?Yes,hedid.Helosthiskey. Jackgrewbeard,butnowhehasshaveditoff. Theywentoutafterlunch,andtheyhavejustcameback. TheChineseinventedprinting.HowmanyplaysdidShakespearewrite? Beethovenwasagreatcomposer. Shakespearewrotemanyplays. Mysisterisawriter,shehaswrittenmanybooks. Ihaveburnedmyself.Howdidyoudothat?Ipickedupahotdish. Theweatherwasniceyesterday. Theyarrived10minutesago. IatealotofsweetswhenIwasachild. Whendidtheyarrived? Whattimedidyoufinishwork? Tomhaslosthiskey,hecan"tgetintothehouse. Tomlosthiskeyyesterday,hecouldn"tgetintothehouse.现在完成时可以和today,thisweek,since1955连用； 一般过去时可以和yesterday,lastweek,from1955to1991连用； 例：Ithasnotrainedthisweek.Itdidnotrainlastweek. HaveyouseenAnnthismorning?DidyouseeAnnthismorning? Ihadneverplayedgolf.IdidnotplaygolfwhenIwasonholidaylastsummer.s s第六课时一般现在时和现在进行时表示将来的异同以及用"will"表示将来时的用法： 现在进行时表示将来： HeisplayingtennisonMondayafternoon. HeisgoingtothedentistonTuesdaymorning HeishavingdinnerwithAnnonFriday. Whatareyoudoingonsaturdayevening? Iamgoingtothetheater. WhattimeisKathearrivetomorrow? At10:30,Imeetingheratstation. Iamnotworkingtomorrow,sowecangooutsomewhere.Iamgoingtodo Whatareyougoingtodoonsaterdayevening? 现在进行时表示安排要进行的动作， 表示安排进行的动作时不要使用一般现在时和"will" Alexisgettingmarrynextmonth. 一般现在时表示将来： 一般表示时间、节目、交通、电影等的安排 Thetrainleavesat11:30andarrivesat15:00. Whattimedoesthefilmbegin? Itiswednesdaytomorrow.表示已定好的计划 Istartmynewjobonmonday. Whattimedoyoufinishworktomorrow? 现在进行时更常用于个人的安排 WhattimeareyoumeetingAnntomorrow?"will"的使用： Iwill也是将来的时间，很快发生，表示在说话时决定做的动作； 例：Oh,I"veleftthedooropen,andIwillgoandshutit. Whatwouldyouliketodrink? Iwouldhaveanorangejuiceplease. Didyouphonerose? Oh,noIforgot,Iwillphonehernow. 口语中"will"的否定形式－"won"t" 例：Iamgoingonholidaynextsaterday. Areyouworkingtomorrow?将来时Iwill和Iamgoingto的比较 will表示在说话时决定的动作或行为；说话的人在这之前并没有决定； s s例：That"sagreatidear.Wewillinvitelotsofpeople. begoingto表示已决定进行的动作或行为； 例：Wearegoingtoinvitelotsofpeople. begoingto表示一种推测的事情； 例：Lookatthoseblackclouds,it"sgoingtorain. Ifeelterrible,IthinkIamgoingtobesick.被动语态是表示主语和动词之间，语法和语义关系的动词形式； 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态被动语态 当主语是动作的发出者时，动词用主动语态； 当主语是动作的承受者时，动词用被动语态； 只有及物动词才有被动语态； 动词被动语态的构成：助动词be＋动词的过去分词时间态势由be来体现 主动语态：主语＋谓语＋宾语 动作的发出者动词动作的接受者 被动语态：主语＋谓语＋宾语 动作的接受者被动语态动词动作的发出者 am/is/are+made被动语态用于： 1）动作发出者不必说出，不宜说出的时候； Themeetinghasbeenputoff. 2）表示所表述的意义以动作的承受者为中心； Thecarwasdamaged. Sheislikedbyallofus. 3）在科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍等问题中，为了突出描述的客观性； 情态动词的被动语态情态动词＋be+过去分词 Thebookcan"tbefound. Watermustn"tbewasted. Shouldcommabeusedhere. Thebookneedn"tbereturenow.带有直接宾语和间接宾语的句子如何变被动语态： 将一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语保留在动词之后。 例：主动语态Histeachergavehimabook. 被动语态Abookwasgiventohimbyhisteacher. Hewasgivenabookbyhisteacher. 主动语态Sheshowedmehernewskirt. 被动语态Iwasshowed/shownanewskirtbyher. Herskirtwasshowntomebys sher. 含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时： 宾语变为主语，宾补保留在动词后成为主语不足语。 例：主动语态Wecallhimxiaowang. 被动语态Hewascalledxiaowang主动语态Hepaintedthetablegreen. 被动语态Thetablewaspaintedgreen. 主动语态Hefoundanoldmanlyingonthedoor. 被动语态Anoldmanwasfoundlyingonthedoorbyhim. make,hear,see,watch,feel,let,have等动词，在主动语态的句子中时，其后做宾补的不定式不加to 例：Hismothermadehimdohisworkagain. Shesawamangoingtotheroom.但是变成被动句后，后面做宾补的不定式必须带to 例：Hewasmadetodohishomeworkagainbyhismother. Amanwasseentogointotheroom练习：1.Listensomeofthegirls________aboutHarryPotter A.aretalkingB.talk C.talkedD.totalk2.John________anewcoatnow.A.putsonB.putonC.willputonD.isputtingon5.WhereisTom?He_______totheshop,hewouldbebackinanhour. A.goesB.went C.hasgoneD.isgoing 6.Fred________backfromAustraliaverysoon. A.comesB.isgoingto C.hascomeD.willbe7.It________Thursdaytomorrow.A.isgoingtoB.isgoingbeC.willgotobeD.willbe8.Iwon"tgotoseethefilmtonight,becauseI________myticket.A.lostB.havelostC.willloseD.didn"tlose9.Ourheadmaster________hereforjustovertwoyears.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.isD.was10.Thetwooldmen________eachothersince1970.A.didn"tseeB.don"tseeC.haven"tseenD.won"tsee12.Howoften________you________totheparkwhenyouwereinTianjin? A.do;goB.did;go C.will;goD.have;gone14.Hehitthetreeand________badlyhurt. s sA.hadB.has C.wasD.is16.________thiskindofquestionoften________inyourclass,Ann? A.Does;askB.Is;asked C.Has;askedD.Will;ask17.Thetreesinourschool________everyFridayafternoon. A.arewateredB.arewatering C.haswateredD.werewatered18.Everybodyherewas________apresent. A.gaveB.given C.togiveD.giving19.More"GreenGreatWalls"must________allovertheworld.A.buildB.arebuiltC.bebuiltD.bebuilding20.Variousprograms________onTV.Worldnews________bestreceived.A.willshow;areB.areshown;isC.areshowing;isD.haveshown;are21.ThePLAwas________August1,1927. A.foundinB.foundon C.foundedonD.foundedin24.TheLeague________inMay,1922. A.foundB.wasfound C.foundedD.wasfounded27.—Ihavefinishedmyhomework —When________you________it? A.have;finishedB.do;finish C.did;finishD.will;finish28.Lucyisn"tinnow.Maybeshe________tothereadingroom. A.isB.goes C.hasgoneD.hasbeen33.NowI________whoheis. A.amknowingB.know C.knewD.wasknown38.Threeyearsagohe________andhasnotreturnedyet. A.wasleftB.left C.hadleftD.hasleft44.Mybrother________whilehe________hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.falls;isridingB.fell;wasridingC.wasfalling;wasridingD.felt;wasriding50.Nearlyeverybodyhere________whentheoldmuseum________.A.knows;wasbuiltB.know;builtC.knows;builtD.isknown;wasbuilt56.Thewoman________offthebikeand________ontheroad. A.fell;layB.fell;lain s sC.felt;liedD.felt;lying70.________thebabyborn________theeveningofSeptember21? A.Did;onB.Was;on C.Did;inD.Was;in71.Theteachermust________carefullyinclass. A.listenB.belistened C.belistenedtoD.belistening84.—DoyouknowMr.Black?—No.Ihearheisateacher,butI________himbefore.A.hadneverseenB.didn"tseeC.wouldneverseeD.haveneverseen85.What________you________alldayyesterday? A.were;doingB.did;do C.are;doingD.were;do92.—Howmanytimes________youruncle________toShanghai?—Twice.A.does;goB.does;beC.did;goD.has;been93.Thegirl________tomilksincelastwinter. A.learnsB.learned C.haslearnedD.wouldlearn97.TheAnti-JapaneseWar________in1937andit________eightyears. A.breakout;lastB.wasbrokenout;lasted C.brokeout;lastD.brokeout;lasted答案：1A2D5C6D7D8B9D10C12B14C16B17A18B19C20B21C24D27C28C33B38B44B50A56A70B71C84D85A92B93C97D情态动词情：感情态：态度 情态动词：表示一种情感和态度的动词 cancouldmaymightmustshouldwillwouldneed 情态动词自身的词汇意义：表示或者暗示某种情绪或者态度，表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力等等； 情态动词在句子中不能单独做谓语，必须和实意动词一起组成复合谓语。 例：Icandosth.IcanwriteHecanplay 情态动词本身不随主语的不同而变化 例：Ican/shecan/wecanA．can: A．can:1．canv.意为“能够”,n.易拉罐，罐头 1）表示一种天生的能力 s s例：Icanspeakchinese. Hecanliftthestone. Ifyouclosedyoureyes,youcan"tsee. 2）表示一种允许 例：CanIcomein? Youcanborrowmybook. 3）表示一种可能性 例：Whatcanshemean? Themooncan"talwaysbeatthefull. Canitbetrue?2．could A．保持时态一致，could为can的过去式。 例：IcanspeakEnglish. IcouldspeakEnglishwhenIwasfiveyearsage. Hecanliftthestone. Hecouldliftthestonein1983. B．表示客气的请求，比用may或can更显得礼貌。 例：CanIcomein? CouldIcomein? C．表示可能性更小 例：Coulditbeture?B．may: 1）表示可能性； 例：Itmaybetrue. Hemaynotbeathome.他可能不在家。 Hecannotbeathome.他不可能在家 2）表示许可； 例：Youmaystayhere. MayIaskyouaquestion? 表“可能”时，may一般用于肯定句，can可以用于任何句式； 例：Youmayfindhimintheclassroom. Youcanfindhimintheclassroom. CanIfindhimintheclassroom?Youcannotfindhimintheclassroom.表“允许”时，二者并没有区别。may较正式性，can则相对口语化；might 1）当may表示可能的时候，一种推测，用might显得推测性比较小。 例：Hemighthavesomefavor. Hemayhavesomefavor. 2）当may表示许可的时候，语气较may更为婉转。C．must: s s1）表示“必须，应该，一定要”，这种必须是出于义务、责任或强制命令。 例：Imustgo. Youmusthandinyourhomeworktoday. Youmustdoeverythingcarefully. must的否定形式mustn"t,一般表示严令禁止； 例：Youmustn"tleavehere. Youmustn"tplayontheroad. 2）表示推断，一般用于肯定句中，表较肯定的推测； 例：Hemustbeathomenow. Shemustbeover50. Youmustbejoking.第七课时must与haveto二者的区别： 相同点：都表示必须、应当； 区别点： 1）must常常表示有强烈的个人色彩；表达个人感情； 一般表示说话人的主观意图。 例：Sheisareallynicepeople.Youmustmeether. Imustphonehertonight. 2）haveto没有个人色彩，通常用来表达一种客观事实； 例：Youhavetodosomething. Youhavetoturnleft. Ihavetowearglassesforreading.例：Imustgetupearlytomorrow. Ihavetogetupearlytomorrow. 3）must表示一般现在时，将来时，不表示过去 haveto有所有的时态形式 例：Ihadtogotohospital. Haveyoueverhadtogotohospital?二者的否定形式： mustn"t严令禁止不许做 don"thaveto没必要做 例：Youmustn"ttellanyone. Youdon"thavetotellanyone. Imustn"tbelate. Idon"thavetogetupearly.D.need 既可以做情态动词，也可以做实意动词； 作为情态动词，后面加不带to的动词不定式，只用于否定句和疑问句中。 例：Youneedn"thurry. NeedIrepeated?No,youneedn"t. s s作为实意动词，有动词的全部形式； 现在时单数第三人称needs 现在分词needing 过去分词needed 不定式needtodo 例：Youdon"tneedtohurry. Doesyourmotherneedanyhelp? Weneedsomemoremoney.Hesaidthewindowneededcleaning.needn"t(情态动词)don"tneedtodosomething(实意动词)练习：1.—MayIhavealookatyourletter?—No,you________.A.don"tB.can"tC.couldn"tD.mustn"t2."MayIsmokehere?""No,you________."A.mustn"tB.don"tC.mustD.needn"t3.Allofyourworkbooksmust________totheteachers"officerightnow.A.handinB.takeC.bebroughtD.bedone4.—Mr.John,wemusthandinourhomeworktoday,________?—No,you________.Butyoumustbringittoschooltomorrow.A.needn"twe;mustn"tB.mustn"twe;needn"tC.mustn"tyou;mustn"tD.needn"twe;needn"t5.—CanyouwritealetterinEnglish?—No,I________.A.maynotB.mustn"tC.can"tD.needn"t6.You________goandaskMeimei,She________knowtheanswer.A.must;canB.must;mayC.need;canD.can;may7.—IsMr.Wuinthelibrary?—No,he________bethere.Heiswaitingformeattheschoolgate.A.mustn"tB.maynotC.isn"tabletoD.can"t8.You________playontheroad,It"sdangerous.A.mustn"tB.mayC.canD.must9.You________toschooltomorrowifyougotolookafteryourmotherinthehospital.A.don"tneedcomeB.don"tcomeC.needn"ttocomeD.needn"tcome10.Don"tplaywiththeknife.You________hurtyourself.A.mayB.shouldC.havetoD.need11.—SorryI"mlate.________Icomein,MrBrown?s s—Yes.Comein,please!A.MayB.MustC.NeedD.Will12.Thelastbushasjustleft.I"mafraidyou________walkhome.A.canB.mayC.mustD.haveto13.—I"msorryIdidn"twinintherace.—Badluck!Well,you________wineverytime.A.can"tB.mustC.shouldD.mustn"t14.—Doyouhavetotakecareofyourmotherathome?—Yes.I________.A.doB.havetoC.haveD.shall15.—________wegonow,Mike?—Sure.Let"sgo.A.WillB.ShallC.DoD.Are16.________Iaskyourname,please?A.WillB.ShallC.MayD.Must17.Ishall________helphimasmuchaspossible.A.mustB.havetoC.canD.may18.John________beathomebecausehehasjustphonedmefromanearbytown.A.mustn"tB.isnotabletoC.can"tD.maynot19.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor,who________itbe?A.canB.mayC.mustD.need20.You________havethebookassoonasIfinishit.A.canB.willC.shallD.must21.Putonmoreclothes.You________befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.canB.couldC.mustD.would22.—Look,it________beMissZhang.—No,it________beher.ShehasgonetoHefei.A.must;can"tB.can,maynotC.may;mustn"tD.must;may23.—________Igoouttoplaynow,Mum?—No,you________.A.May;shouldn"tB.Can;needn"tC.Must;can"tD.May;mustn"t24.Helpmewiththissuitcase,________you?A.don"tB.willC.doD.shall25.Theystartedearlythatmorninginorderthatthey________therebeforenoon.A.mightgetB.maygetC.wouldgetD.got26.—MayIstopmycarhere?—No,you________.A.can"tB.mustn"tC.needn"tD.don"thaveto27.—Mustwecleanthehousenow?—No,you________.A.needn"tB.maynotC.mustn"tD.can"t28.It________beverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell,isn"tit?s sA.needB.hastoC.mustD.should29.—Doyouhavetoleavenow?—Sorry,butIreally________.A.can"tB.mustC.haveD.should30.Acomputer________thinkforitself;Itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can"tB.couldn"tC.maynotD.mightnot31.Peter________comewithustonight,butheisn"tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will32.—NeedIgohomenow?—________.A.Yes.YouneedB.Yes.YoumustC.No.youmustn"tD.No.youmaynot33.Sheworkedhardand________passhisexam.A.couldB.wasabletoC.canD.couldableto34.—CouldIborrowyourpen?—Yes,you________.A.couldB.canC.wereableD.may35.Ican"tfindMissLianywhereintheofficebuilding.Where________shehavegone?A.mustB.canC.shouldD.need36.You________returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can"tB.mustn"tC.needn"tD.maynot37.Johnny,you________playwiththeknife,you________hurtyourself.A.won"t;can"tB.mustn"t;mayC.shouldn"t;mustD.can"t;shouldn"t38.—MayIuseyourbike?—________.A.Yes,youmustB.No,youmustn"tC.No,youneedn"tD.No,youmaynot39.Let"smovethebagsaway,orthere________anaccident.A.maybeB.mayhaveC.maybeD.willhave40.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone________goout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto答案：1—10BACDCDDADA11—20ADABBCBCAC21—30CADBABACBA31—40BBBBBCBBCDcan与beableto的区别： 1）can表示可能的事或一个人的能力 can+docan+动词不定式 例：Wecanseealakefromourbedroomwindow. s sCanyouspeskanyforeignlanguage? can"tcannot 2）beableto可以代替can,但can更常用； 例：Areyouabletospeskanyforeignlanguage? can表示现在时，could是can的过去式， 因此有时需要用beableto表示更多的形式。 例：Ican"tsleep. Ihaven"tbeabletosleep.could与beableto的区别 could表示一般具有的能力；beableto表示特定情况下的能力； 例：Thefirespreadthroughthehotelquicklybuteveryonewasableescaped. Hecouldbeatanybody.主谓一致主谓一致：是指在英语句子中各个成分之间，在人称、性别、数量等方面保持一定的语法关系。 一致关系的三原则： 即：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致 1）语法一致，当主语为单数的时候，谓语也要为单数形式；主语用复数的时 候，谓语也要用复数； 例：JackandMarylookhealthandstrong. Thenumberissurprising. 2）意义一致，当主语的形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式； 例：family家庭Myfamilyarehavingsupper. 当主语的形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式； 例：Thirtydollarsistooexpansive.3）就近一致，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 例：notonly...butalso Notonlytheteacher,butalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball. Notonlyhisstudents,butalsotheteachelikesplayingfootball.主谓一致： 1．单数名词由and连接：两个或两个以上的单数名词由and连接起来并列做主语时，谓语动词用复数。 2．or等连接的词：并列的主语由or,nor,notonly...butalso,either...or,neither...nor等连接时，用就近原则。 3．with等连接的词：构成语的两个部分由with,aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,including,nolessthan,like,except,but,ratherthan,inadditionto连接时，谓语动词应同前面的部分保持一致。 4．each等做主语：“each(every,no,maya)+单数名词+and+each(every,no.manya)+单数名语”结构做主语时，谓语动词用单数。有时候，这种结构中的第二个each或every可以省略。5．each等构成的复合不定代词做主语：不定代词each,either,neither,another和由no,anyevery,some构成的复合不定代词，具有单数意义，做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 6．none做主语：nones s可以表示可数名词或不可数名词，指可数名词时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可；指不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 7．news等做主语：news(消息），maths（数字），physics（物理）等名词虽然是复数形式，但表示单一概念，做主语时，谓语动词用单数。练习：1.Wewriteonceamonth.Nottoooften,becauseneitherofus________muchtime.A.hasB.hasn"tC.haveD.haven"t2.Ithought________ofyouwasaskedtobehere.A.everyB.bothC.notallD.none3.NeitherInorhe________toliveinthehotelasitisveryfar.A.likesB.don"tlikeC.enjoysD.doesn"tenjoy4.Ithinkmaths________oneoftheimportantsubjects.A.areB.isC.wereD.was5.NeitherhenorI________fromCanada.WearefromAustralia.A.isB.areC.amD.be6.There________alotofanimalsinthezoo.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are7.A:IhavenolettersfromPeter.B:Oh,well,nonews________goodnewsnow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were8.Thenumberofstudentsinourclass________56.A.areB.wereC.isD.have9.Look!Thefamily________watchingTV.A.isB.areC.enjoysD.like10.There________abookandsomepencilsonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have答案：1－10CDABCDACBB第八课时11.________eitheryouorhegoingtoChangchun?A.AreB.IsC.DoD.Does12.Morethanaweek________passedalready.A.hasB.haveC.wasD.is13.Fishandchips________myfavoritefood.A.isB.areC.hasD.become14.Manyaman________trieditbefore.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is15.Thesingeranddancer________cometoourcity.A.areB.isC.haveD.hass s16.Thesingerandthedancer___cometoourcity.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are17.Everyboyandeverygirl________taughttoreadandwrite.A.isB.areC.hasD.have18.Fiveminutes________enough.A.areB.doesC.isD.has19.Here________apenandsomepencilsonthedesk.A.isB.areC.haveD.has20."Ithinkeitheryouorhe________right."Hesaid.A.isB.areC.wasD.were答案：11－20AAABDAACAA21.Three-fourthsofthewater________gone.A.isB.areC.haveD.were22.I,likeLinTao,________aworker.A.areB.isC.amD.were23.Awomanwithtwoboys________comingtowardsus.A.areB.isC.wereD.has24.Breadandrice________myfavoritefood.A.isB.areC.wasD.were25.Therich________alwayshappy.A.isn"tB.aren"tC.feelsD.feel26.Thepairofshoes________toobigforme.A.areB.isC.wearD.wears27.Theheadteacheroftheclass,togetherwiththestudents,________goingtoseeaninterestingfilmthisafternoon.A.areB.isC.wasD.were28.Writingstoriesandarticles(文章)________whatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.doD.does29.Everybody,menandwomen,youngandold,________listeningtotheradiohere.A.enjoysB.enjoyC.isenjoyedD.areenjoyed30.Noneofthework________beendone.A.haveB.isC.areD.has答案：21－30ACBBBBBAAD31.Theyeach____adictionary.A.haveB.hasC.makesD.thereis32.All________readyforthetest.A.isB.areC.getD.gets33.All________cometothemeeting.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are34.—Noneofthemen________agoodcook.s s—You"reright.Andnoneofthesewomen________goodcooks,either.A.is;isB.is;areC.are;areD.are;is35.NobodybutTomandJohn________inthelibraryyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.havebeen36.Theyoungerofthetwo________thisfilmverymuch.A.enjoysB.enjoyC.areenjoyingD.enjoying37.One-thirdofthestudents________comeback.A.haveB.hasC.doD.does38.Theblackandwhitecat________mine.A.areB.isC.haveD.has39.Thenumberofthecars________800.A.areB.isC.hasD.have40.ClassOne________takingtheirlessonswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.A.isB.wasC.areD.were参考答案：31－40AAABAAABBD句子英语的语法分为两种法则： 1）词法：对词的研究； 2）句法：对句子的研究； 句子的成分（membersofthesentence） 主语＋谓语 1）Subject主语"S" 动作的发出者，句子的主体；句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或者什么。 通常由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、主语从句等担任； 位置在陈述句基本结构的前部； 例：Ireadanewspapereveryday. Mr.Wangreadsanewspapereveryday.2）Predicate谓语 说明主语的动作或状态的部分； 一般由动词或动词短语担任； 位置在主语之后； 例：Hismotherisadoctor. 3）Predicative表语 在系动词之后，表示主语的性质、特征、状态和身份的部分； 一般由名词、代词、副词、形容词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词、表语从句担任； 位置在系动词之后；例：Hisfatherisaworker. Heiscareless. Thenumberis40.4）Object宾语"O" 表示及物动词的对象或内容；介词后的名词或代词称为介词宾语； s s宾语通常用名词、代词、数词以及相当的结构来担任； 例：Heboughtacomputerlastyear.5）Complement补语 用于补充说明主语或者宾语，通常由形容词、名词或者其他相当的结构担任；分为宾语补足语和主语补足语； 例：Hedoesn"tbelievethestorytrue.6）Attribute定语 限定或者修饰名词或代词，一般放在修饰语前，如果修饰语过长（短语或从句作定语），可以放在其后； 例：Heisanhonestboy. Theyarewomenteachers.7）adverbial状语 用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子；通常由副词担任； 修饰形容词、副词的状语放在被修饰词之前；修饰动词的状语放在动词之前；如果动词有宾语，状语一般放在宾语之后； 例：ShespeaksEnglishwell.8）同位语位于名词或名词性短语之后 通常由名词、名词性短语、从句来担任； 例：Theyeachhaveadictionary.句子的种类： 按句子的用途分为： 1）陈述句 2）疑问句 一般疑问句：用yes,no进行回答的； 特殊疑问句：由what,who,which,how等引导 选择疑问句：由选择连词were引导的； 反意疑问句：遵从前肯后否，前否后肯的原则； 3）祈使句 主语省略，动词原形 4）感叹句 What/How+被强调部分＋其余的结构；按句子的结构分为： 1）简单句只有一个主语和一个谓语动词； 主语＋不及物动词 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 主系表结构 主语＋及物动词＋双宾 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语2）并列句所谓并列句是包括两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句。结构为：简单句＋连词＋简单句 3）复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句组成； 宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句 s s祈使句表示请求和命令的语句 1、v结构动词原型v+宾语+其他成分givemeapen,please.standup. 2、b结构be+表语+其他成分bequiet.beagoodstudent. 3、l结构let+宾格+动词原型+其他成分letsb.dosth.letsb.notdosth. 4、d结构don"t+祈使句Don"tsitdown.Don"tbecareless.带主语的祈使句 1、Youcatchthatmonkeyandgivemehishearttoeat. 2、Youwaitandsee. 祈使句使用主语的几种情况： 1、当说话人指明不同的事要求不同的人做的时候 [例]Youcleanthewindowsandyoumopthefloor. YougooverthereandsitnexttoTom,whileheandIstayhere. 2、说话人强调主语，或长者对年轻着，上级对下级等说话时 [例]Youtakecarewhenyoucrosstheroad. Youbecareful.Youlistentome.3、否定祈使句，为加重语气，使用人称 [例]Don"tyoubelateagainnexttime. 4、当主语是someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等泛指第三人称时 [例]Someoneopenthewindow. Everybodybehereat7:30. 5、当说话人有急噪厌烦等情绪的时候 [例]Youdoitrightaway. Youmindyourownbusinessandleavethistome.连词： 1、and,then,andthen就，那么 2、or,orelse,otherwise否则，要不然 比较： 1、Comeearlyandyouwillcatchthefirstbus.早点来，你就能赶上第一班车。 2、Comeearly,oryouwillmissthefirstbus.早点来，不然赶不上第一班车了。 3、Useyourhead,thenyouwillfindaway.开动脑筋，那么你就能找到办法。 4、Useyourhead,oresle,youwon"tfindaway.开动脑筋，否则你就找不到办法。 5、Workhard,andthenyouwon"tfail.努力干，你才不会失败。 6、Workhard,otherwiseyouwillfail.努力干，不然你会失败的。第九课时反意疑问句s s反意疑问句的一般使用规则： 1、前面的陈述句使用肯定形式，后边的疑问使用否定的形式。 2、前面的陈述句使用否定形式，后边的疑问使用肯定的形式。 反意疑问句的特殊使用规则： 1、当陈述句中主语为this,that,these,those等指示代词是，疑问句使用it或them [例]Thatisn"tyoudesk,isit? Theseareinterestingstories,arethey? 2、当陈述句主语为Iam时，疑问使用aren"tI. [例]Iamlateforclass,aren"tI? Iamdoingwell,aren"tI? 3、当陈述句主语是somebody,everybody等合成代词时，疑问部分的主语都用they. [例]Everyonecamehere,didn"tthey? 4、当陈述部分主语为不定代词时，疑问部分主语使用it. [例]Nothingistodifficultforhim,isit? Everythingisready,isn"tit?5、当陈述句主语用不定代词one时，正式场合下，疑问句用one做主语，非正式场 合下，疑问句用you做主语。 [例]Onecan"tbetoocareful,canone? Onecan"tbetoocareful,canyou? 6、当陈述句为therebe+主语时，疑问部分要用be+there的结构。 [例]Thereisabookonthedesk,isn"tthere? 7、当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时，有两种情况 [例]Hehasanewbook,hasn"the?Hehasanewbook,doesn"the? Shehadagoodtimeinthepark,didn"tshe? 8、当陈述部分用hadbetter时，疑问部分用hadn"t或shouldn"t。 [例]You"dbettergowithme,hadn"t(shouldn"t)you? 9、当陈述部分有seldom，hardly,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere等否定 或半否定词时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。 [例]ShehardlyknowsFrench,doesshe? Fewpeopleknowhim,dothey? Nobodycananswerthisquestion,canthey? 10、当陈述部分的谓语带有否定词缀时，疑问部分仍用否定结构。 [例]Theydislikedplayingfootball,didn"tthey? Heiscareless,isn"the? 11、当陈述部分的谓语是表示愿望的wish等时，疑问部分的谓语用may，而且前后 两个部分均使用肯定形式。 [例]Iwishtogohomenow,mayI?12、感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定形式。 [例]Whatalovelyday,isn"tit? Howcooltheweatheris,isn"tit? 13、当陈述句是祈使句时，分三种情况： ①如果祈使句为肯定，疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。 [例]Passmethebook,will(won"t)you?Stoptalking,will(won"t)you? ②如果祈使句为否定式，疑问部分只能用肯定式。 [例]Don"tspeakaloudanymore,willyou? Don"tbecareless,willyou? ③以let开始，表示建议的祈使句，疑问部分用shallwe，表示请求使用willyou。 [例]Let"sgohomenow,shallwe?Letushelpyou,willyou?s s反意疑问句的特殊使用规则： 14、当陈述部分是并列句式，疑问部分应和最近的分句在人称和数上保持一致。 [例]Marywasanicegirl,butshehadoneshortcoming,hadn"tshe?宾语从句宾语从句的三个重点：时态，语序，连词 时态：主句和从句时态一致。主句用一般现在时，从句根据情况选用不同时 态。主句用一般过去时，从句只能选用过去时中的某种时态，包括一 般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时。 语序：宾语从句使用陈述句语序，从句连接词后是主、谓、宾的语序。 连词：一般疑问句做从句时，在主、从句间加连接词if，whether. 特殊疑问句做从句，直接用疑问词做引导词。需要注意的问题： 1、避免连接词的重复 [例]Heaskedthatwhocouldanswerthequestion. Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion. 2、注意连接词的位置 [例]Idon"tknowthisiswhosebook. Idon"tknowwhosebookthisis. 3、注意宾语从句的语序 [例]Canyoutellmewheredoeshelive? Canyoutellmewherehelives?4、注意时态的呼应 [例]Hesaidthathewillbebacksoon. Hesaidthathewouldbebacksoon. 若宾语从句叙述的是真理，或永恒不变的规律性，即使主句使用过去式，从句仍然使用一般现在时。 Theteachertoldusthattheeathergoesroundthesun.2.Doyouknow________?A.whattimedoestheshipleaveB.whattimetheshipleaveC.whattimetheshipleavesD.wheredoestheshipleave4.Doyouknowwhattime________?A.thetrainleavesB.isthetrainC.doesthetrainleaveD.thetrainis6.Doyouknowwhere________hisholiday?A.doesMr.ReadspendB.willMr.ReadspendC.isMr.ReadgoingtospendD.Mr.Readwillspend7.Haveyoudecided________forLondon?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whenyouwillleaveC.whenareyougoingD.whenyouaregoing8.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme________?—Certainly.A.whencanIgettothestationB.IcangettowhichstationC.whichstationcanIgettoD.howIcangettothestation21.Mrs.Fangaskedtheboys________.s sA.whereisMissGreenB.wherewasMissGreenC.whereMissGreenisD.whereMissGreenwaswhether,if的区别： 40.Idon"tknow________ornotIhavepassedtheexam. A.ifB.whether C.thatD.weather 后边直接出现ornot时，只能使用whether。41.I"mthinkingabout________I"mgoingtotheparkwiththem.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.who42.Idon"tknow________tovisittheoldman.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.who47.Theteachertoldthechildren________.A.thatBeijingwasthecapitalofChinaB.BeijingisthecapitalofChinaC.BeijingthecapitalofChinaisD.thecapita!ofChinawasBeijing代词it的用法小结： 1、可以代替文章中提到过的人或事，指代人是一般用于小孩或身份性别十 分不明朗的人。 [例]Whoisthebaby?Itismyteacher"sson. Whoisit?Whoisthatman?Itismyfriend. 2、可以表达天气，环境，时间，距离，季节等 [例]Itishalfanhour"swalkfromheretoourschool. Itisniceandwarmhere.It"sspring.词汇语法真题精选UnitOne1.—Excuseme.Doyouhaveatablefortwo?—I"msorry,________therearen"tanyseatsnow.Wouldyoumindwaitingforawhile?A.butB.andC.orD.so2.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if3.—________Ihaveyourname,please?—Yes,Michael.M-I-C-H-A-E-L.A.MustB.WillC.MayD.Need4.Thereis________knockingatthedoor.Goandseewhoitis.A.nobodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.everybody5.Thenewcomputers________tothevillageschoolaspresentslastmonth.s sA.aregivenB.givenC.weregivenD.gave6.Stop________somuchnoise!Fatherisworkingatthedesk.A.tomakeB.makingC.tohearD.haringstopdoingsth.停止做某事 stoptodosth.停下来去做某事 remembertotosth.记得去做某事 rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事 forgettodosth.忘记去做某事 forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事 trytodosth.努力去做某事 trydoingsth.尝试做某事7.—Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?—Hetoldmethathe________theDisneyWorldthenextday.A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit8.—InourEnglishstudyreadingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.—Idon"tagree.Speakingis________reading.A.asimportantasB.soimportantasC.themostimportantD.thesameas9.________acoldmorning,Iopenedthewindowandwasgladtofindthatitwassnowingoutside.A.ByB.InC.AtD.On10.—Yourdressisjustwonderful!—________A.I"mgladtohearthat.B.Youareright,thankyou!C.Thankyou,andyou?D.No,no,yoursisbetter.词汇语法真题精选Unit21.Mr.Li________ournewteacher.A.amB.isC.areD.were2.Youcan"tseemanyofthestarsintheskybecause________aretooaway.A.theyB.theirC.themD.theirs3.Anelephantisstrong,________it?A.doesn"tB.doesC.isn"tD.is4.He________alettertohisfamilylastSunday.A.wroteB.writeC.writesD.haswritten5."Howistheweathertoday?""Ifs________."A.sunnyB.Sundays sC.June26D.seveno"clock6."________shallwemeetinthepark?""Whatabouthalfpasteight?"A.WhatB.WhenC.WhereD.Which7.Don"tforgettoturn________theTVbeforeyouleavetheroom.A.onB.overC.upD.off8.Johnismy________friendofalltheclassmates.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest9.LeiFengasked________forreturnwhenhehelpedothers.A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.something10.Ifhe________hardernexttime,hewillcatchupwithus.A.workB.workedC.worksD.willwork11."Howlonghaveyou________thebook?""Foraweek."A.borrowedB.keptC.lentD.bought12.Englishisspokenasafirstlanguagein________.A.theUSAB.IndiaC.JapanD.China13.Iusuallycometothisfruitshopto________.A.buysomebananasB.haveamealC.postaletterD.seeadoctor14."Wouldyoupleasewaitforthenextbus?Thisoneis________,"saidthebusdriver.A.fullB.emptyC.tidyD.quiet15.________comesfromcows.A.WoolB.ChickenC.PorkD.Milk16.Whichofthefollowingdoespaperburnin?A.CO2B.N2C.O2D.HeUnit31.Mygrandpaistoooldtotakecareofhimself.A.lookforB.lookafterC.lookat2.Ihaven"theardfromMissLeesincesheleftBeijingfiveyearsago.A.writtentoB.spokentoC.gotaletterfrom3.MrWhitehaslivedinBeijingforovertenyears.A.morethanB.onlyC.about4.It"sbrightdaytoday.A.cloudyB.sunnyC.windy5.Pleaseringmeupwhenyougetthere.A.listentomeB.talktomeC.telephoneme6.She________afamousfilmstarintheworld.s sA.amB.isC.areD.be7.ChinabecameaWTOmember________December11th,2001.A.inB.atC.ofD.on8.Hisbrotherdoesn"tsmoke,________he?A.isB.isn"tC.doesD.doesn"t9.Ilikereading,________Ihavenotimetodoso.A.andB.butC.orD.so10.Bill"sparentsare________goodatswimming.A.bothB.allC.eachD.either11.Mybikeisunderthetree.Whereis________?A.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself12.Heoftenaskshisuncle________himwithhislessons.A.tohelpB.helpsC.helpedD.help13."Which________doyoulike?""Ilikemaths."A.musicB.sportC.subjectD.game14.Couldyoutellme________?A.WhendoesthetrainarriveB.whenthetrainarrivesC.whenarrivesthetrainD.thetrainwhenarrives15."Doyou________English?""Onlyalittle."A.sayB.tellC.talkD.speak16."Canyouplaythecomputergame?""Yes,I________."A.mustB.needC.mayD.can17.Look!Thelovelychildren________thehill.A.climbB.willclimbC.areclimbingD.climbed18.HisnameisJimAllanGreen.Wecancallhim________.A.MrJimB.MrGreenC.MrAllan19."________doyoucometoschooleveryday?""Onfoot."A.HowB.WhenC.WhyD.Where20.Wewon"tgototheparkifit________tomorrow.A.israiningB.willrainCrainD.rains第十课时Unit51.MikeJordanisabasketballstar.Ilike________verymuch.A.heB.hisC.himD.himself2.Thereare________daysinaweek.A.thesevenB.seventhC.theseventhD.seven3."What"sthe________today?""It"sJune26."A.dayB.dateC.timeD.hour4."DoesWangLi________Englishwell?""Sure.ShestudieditfortwoyearsinAmerica."A.speakB.talkC.sayD.tell5.Jennyandherparents________goingtovisitthePalaceMuseumtomorrow.s sA.isB.amC.areD.be6.Beijinghas________manybusesthatthereisoftenatrafficjaminrushhours.A.soB.veryC.tooD.much7.Look!Theboys________happilyintheriver.A.swimB.swamC.willswimD.areswimming8.Lindaoftenhelpshermother________thehouseworkonweekends.A.withB.toC.ofD.for9.E-mailingismuch________thanlong-distancecalling.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest10.IwillletyouknowaboutitassoonasI________thenews.A.willgetB.getsC.gotD.get11.China________theWTOandbecameanewmemberofitlastyear.A.joinedB.joinC.wiltjoinD.hasjoinednumber.12.________youpassmeapen?I"dliketowritedownthetelephonenumber.A.NeedB.CouldC.MustD.Should13."Whydidn"tNickcometoschoolyesterday?""________hewasill."A.AfterB.WhereC.WhenD.Because14.________theeveningofMay31,the2002FIFAWorldCupstartedinSouthKorea.A.OnB.AtC.OfD.In15."Doyouknow________?I"mgoingtoseehim.""Sorry,Idon"tknow."A.wheredoesMrLiliveB.wheredidMrLiliveC.whereMrLilivesD.whereMrLilived16.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Thereare________newwordsinit.A.afewB.alittleC.fewD.little17.Theearthisourhome.Wemust________theland,airandwaterclean.A.changeB.shareC.noticeD.keep18."CanIgetyouadrink?""That"sveryniceofyou.I"vealreadygot________."A.itB.oneC.thatD.this19.Youlooktired.________workingindoorsyoushouldbeoutforawalk.A.AheadofB.InsteadofC.InfrontofD.Inspiteof20."CanIusethisexpressioninthetext?""No.Ithas________.Nobodyusesittoday."A.givenupB.brokendownC.goneoutD.gotoffUnit61.I"msogladtoseeyou.A.sadB.angryC.pleased2.Anelephantisalargeanimal.A.bigB.tallC.heavy3.Thisshopsellsalotofthings.A.littleB.manyC.some4.Don"tworry.I"lltakecareofhim.A.lookforB.lookoverC.lookafter5.Hewillbehereinaminute.s sA.verysoonB.intimeC.atlast6.Pleaseringmeupwhenyoucomeback.A.playwithmeB.writetomeC.givemeacall7.Haveyouheardfromhim?A.heardofB.gotaletterfromC.sentfor8.Thereis________appleontheplate.A.aB.anC.theD.不填9.Thishouseis________.Let"sgoinandhavearest.A.weB.usC.oursD.our10.Beijingisoneof________citiesinChina.A.verybeautifulB.muchbeautifulC.morebeautifulD.themostbeautiful11.Youarenewhere,________you?A.aren"tB.areC.doD.don"t12.Ididn"tgotobed________elevenlastnight.A.forB.untilC.inD.on13.—________Ifinishmyhomeworktoday?—No,youneedn"t.A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Shall14.Nobodycouldtellmethewaybecause________peoplewerethereinthenight.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle15.—________radioisthis?—It"smine.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhoD.Whose16.Couldyoutellme________?A.wheredoesheliveB.wherelivesheC.heliveswhereD.wherehelives17.I"llgotoEnglandifI________enoughmoneynextyear.A.haveB.willhaveC.amhavingD.had18.You"dbetter________atonce.A.tostartB.startingC.startD.started19.Sheaskedhim________herupatsixo"clockinthemorning.A.wakeB.towakeC.wakingD.wokens s20.Theyallwenttothecinema________Ididn"t.A.andB.orC.butD.so21.Heusually________upearlyeverymorning.A.getB.getsC.isgettingD.hasgot22.He________twothousandtreessince1985.A.plantsB.plantedC.willplantD.hasplanted23.________youfreelastnight?A.WereB.WasC.AreD.Do24.Shecan________severallanguages.A.sayB.speakC.talkD.tell25.________yourcoat,please.It"scoldoutside.A.TakeoffB.PutupC.TurnonD.PutonUnit71.Thetwinsistershavelearnedalot________theycametoChina.A.whenB.assoonasC.sinceD.after2.—Thisbookisabitdifficult.________readsomethingeasier?—Allright.A.WhynottoB.Whydon"tC.WhynotD.Whynotyou3.—Icalledyouatabouthalfpasteightlastnight,butnobodyanswered.—Oh,I________inmyofficeatthattime.A.willworkB.wasworkingC.workedD.hadworked4.—Meimei,________itagaininEnglish,please.—OK!A.speakB.talkC.tellD.say5.—DoyoulikeJane"snewskirt?—Yes,verymuch.I"llaskmumtobuy________forme.A.oneB.itC.theotherD.a6.Theboys________greensportsshirtsarethefansofGuo"anTeam.A.withB.inC.atD.from7.Thisdictionarymustn"t________fromthelibrary.s sA.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway8.—Thetrainisleavingrightnow,butDavidhasn"tarrivedyet.—Well,hesaidhe________hereontime.A.cameB.willbeC.wouldcomeD.canbe9.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I________thedinneralready.A.hadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.cook10.—I"msorry,Cathy.I________yourradioforsuchalongtime.—Nevermind.A.haveborrowedB.havelentC.havekeptD.havereturnedUnit81.Bob________aniceboy.A.amB.isC.areD.be2.Themanoverthereis________uncle.A.sheB.herC.hersD.she"s3.Thereisamap________thewall.A.onB.fromC.inD.at4.BruceisfromCanada,________he?A.doesn"tB.doesC.isD.isn"t5."Whattimeisit?""________9:00."A.It"sB.ThisisC.That"sD.Timeis6."CanyouspeakJapanese?""Sorry,I________.A.needn"tB.mustn"tC.can"tD.maynot7.We________Englishsince1998.A.learnB.arelearningC.willlearnD.havelearned8."Wouldyoulikesomethingto________?""Yes,Please.Astorybook."A.eatB.drinkC.readD.wash9.Thechickenissodelicious.CouldIhave________?A.muchmoreB.somemoreC.anymoreD.littlemore10.OfallthestudentsWuDongruns________.A.fastB.fasters sC.fastestD.mostfast11."CanItakeitoutofthelibrary?""No,________youcan"t."A.IthinkB.I"mafraidC.IhopeD.Iknow12.Tomlikesdrawingpictures________.A.SoisJimB.SoJimisC.SodoesJimD.SoJimdoes13.You"vedonesowellintheexam.________!A.BestwishesB.CongratulationsC.ThankgoodnessD.Oh,dear14.Whichofthefollowingcitiesisnotacapitalcity?A.SydneyB.MoscowC.ParisD.Tokyo.15.On________,childreninBritainputastockingattheendoftheirbeds.A.Mid-AutumnDayB.ChristmasEveC.Teacher"sDayD.Children"sDay16.Whichoftheshapes(图形)isnotliketheotherthree?A.B.C.D.s