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《小学英语语法归纳》doc版

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★清华大学★英语系学生测试使用。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/清华大学英语教授研究组提供 最新最全的小学英语语法总结1.人称代词  主格:Iweyousheheitthey  宾格:meusyouherhimitthem  形容词性物主代词:myouryourherhisitstheir  名词性物主代词:mineoursyourshershisitstheirs  2.形容词和副词的比较级  (1)一般在形容词或副词后+er  oldertallerlongerstronger,etc  (2)多音节词前+more  moreinteresting,etc.  (3)双写最后一个字母,再+er  biggerfatter,etc.  (4)把y变i,再+er  heavier,earlier  (5)不规则变化:  well-better,much/many-more,etc.  ★哈佛大学★英语系研究,美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站:http://hafo.yeryy.com/哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供3.可数词的复数形式  Mostnouns+sabook–books  Nounsendinginaconsonant+y-y+iesastory—stories  Nounsendingins,sh,chorx+esaglass—glassesawatch-watches   Nounsendingino+sor+esapiano—pianosamango—mangoes  Nounsendinginforfe-forfe+vesaknife–knivesashelf-shelves  4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)  bread,rice,water,juiceetc.  5.缩略形式  I’m=Iamyou’re=youareshe’s=sheishe’s=heis  it’s=itiswho’s=whoiscan’t=cannotisn’t=isnotetc  6.a/an  abook,apeach  anegganhour  7.Preposition:  on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind.  表示时间:atsixo’clock,atChristmas,atbreakfast  onMondayon15thJulyOnNationalDay  intheeveninginDecemberinwinter  8.基数词和序数词  one–firsttwo-secondtwenty-twentieth  9.Some/any  Ihavesometoysinmybedroom.  Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?  10.be动词  (1)Basicform:am/are/is  (2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.  Myeyesare(not)small.  Myhairis(not)long.  (3)一般疑问句:AmIaChniese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.  AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.  Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t. 11.therebe结构  肯定句:Thereisa…  Thereare…   一般疑问句:Isthere…?Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.  Arethere…?Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.  否定句:Thereisn’t….Therearen’t….  12.祈使句  Sitdownplease  Don’tsitdown,please.  13.现在进行时.通常用“now”.  形式:be+verb+ing  eg:Iam(not)doingmyhomework.  You/We/Theyare(not)reading.  He/She/Itis(not)eating.  动词—ing的形式  Mostverbs+ingwalk—walking  Verbsendingine-e+ingcome—coming  Shortverbsendinginavowel+aconsonantrun–runningswim—swimming  14一般现在时。通常用“usually,often,everyday,sometimes”。  形式:  肯定句:  Igotoschoolonfooteveryday.  Shegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.  一般疑问句:  Doyoujumphigh?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.  Doeshejumphigh?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.  否定句:Wedon’tgotoschoolonSundays.  Mymotherdoesn’tlikewatchingTVintheevening.  15.(情态)动词can,must,should后面直接用动词原形。  eg:  1.I/He/She/Theycansing.  2.Youshouldkeepquietinthelibrary.  16.一般过去时态  (a)be动词的过去式:   I/He/she/itwas(not)….You/we/theywere….  一般疑问句was,were放在句首。  (b)动词过去式:  肯定句:Iwatchedcartoons.  Shevisitedthezoo.  一般疑问句:Didyoureadbooklastnight?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.  Didshecleanthedeskjustnow?Yes,shedid.No,shedidn’t.  否定句:Theydidn’tgothethepartyesterday.  Hedidn’tmakemodelshipslastweek.  (3)动词过去式的变化:  规则动词的变化:  Mostverbs+edeg.planted,watered,climbed。  Verbsendingine+degliked。  Verbsendinginaconsonant+y--y+iedeg:study—studied  Shortverbsendinginavowel+aconsonanteg:stop--stopped  不规则动词的变化:  is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/  eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank等等17.“Wh-”questions.  Whatareyoudoing?  Whatcolourisit?  Whattimeisit?What’sthetime?  Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?  Who’sthemanwithabignose?  Whosebagisit?  Whenisyourbirthday?  Whereismyballpen?  Whydoyoulikesummer?  Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?  Howoldistheyoungman?  Howmuchisthetoybear?   Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?  Whatareyoudoing?  Whatcolourisit?  Whattimeisit?What’sthetime?  Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?  Who’sthemanwithabignose?  Whosebagisit?  Whenisyourbirthday?  Whereismyballpen?  Whydoyoulikesummer?  Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?  Howoldistheyoungman?  Howmuchisthetoybear?  Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?★哈佛大学★英语系研究,美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站:http://hafo.yeryy.com/哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供★清华大学★英语系学生测试使用。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/清华大学英语教授研究组提供一课时:be动词主讲与人称代词的搭配1、基本形式:am、are、is(1)am 第一人称I+am(注意:“I”无论何时都要大写,不管位于句首还是句中)例:Iamabeautifulgirl.Iamtwenty.(1)are第二人称you+are;一人称复数we+are;三人称复数they+are其他复数名词+are(注意:第二人称单复数同形,都为you)例:Youaremygoodfriend.Weareinthesameclass.Theyareontheroad.Thebooksareonthedesk.(3is第三人称he(男)+is;she(女)+is;it(不是人)+is;其他单数名词+is例:HeSheisagoodstudent.Itisawhitecat.Adogisonthatstreet.2、肯定、否定、疑问(等于号后是简写)肯定否定——be动词后加not一般疑问——be动词移到主语前一般疑问否定一般疑问回答肯定和否定Iam…=I’m….Iamnot…=I’mnot...AmI…?AmnotI…?Yes,I’m.No,I’mnot.Youare…=you’re…Youarenot…=Youaren’t…Areyou…?Arenotyou...?=Aren’tyou…?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.SheHeItis…=SheHeItisnot…=SheHeItIssheheit…?Isnotsheheit…Yes,sheheItis. isn’t…?=Isn’tsheheit…?No,sheheItisnot.Weare=We’reWearenot…=Wearen’t…Arewe…?Arenotwe…?=Aren’twe…?Yes,weare.No,wearenot.Theyare=They’reTheyarenot…=Theyaren’tArethey…?Arenotthey…?=Aren’tthey…?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.例:Iam(not)fromLondon.Myeyesare(not)small.Myhairis(not)long.AmIaChniese?回答:肯定:Yes,youare.否定:No,youaren’t.Isthecatfat?回答:肯定:Yes,itis.否定:No,itisn’t.注意:在一般疑问回答中,肯定回答除I’m不可简写,否定回答均可简写。另:特殊疑问句中:wherehowwhowhatwhy+be动词+人称代词或名词?例:Whatisyourname?MynameisGaoBuHan.Whereareyou?I’mintheclassroom.3.总结:Be的用法口诀  I用am;you、we、they都用are;is连着he,she,it;  单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。  变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。  变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记。  疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。★清华大学★英语系学生测试使用。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/清华大学英语教授研究组提供