高中英语语法倒装句讲解及练习(教师版) 5页

高中倒装句(教师版)英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so，neither，nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。一、倒装句的意义1.适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。e.g.MayIcomein？WasthePeople"sLiberationArmyfoundedin1927？2.为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。e.g.NeverhaveIbeenlateforschoolthisterm.Soearlydidhecometoschoolthatnootherstudentscame.二、倒装的用法1.在“therebe”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。在“there+be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise和appear等。e.g.Thereisaboxonthetable.Therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.Thereliesalargewheatfieldinfrontofthehouse.Manyyearsagotherelivedanoldmaninthewoodenhouse.2.在疑问句中。e.g.Isshesingingintheclassroom？Whatdoesyourmotherdo？3.在here，there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）e.g.Theregoesthebell.Hereisanappleforyou.Thereshecomes.Ex：There________.Andhere________.A.goesthephone;shecomes　B.isthephonegoing;isshe　C.doesthephonego;doesshecome　D.thephonegoes;comeshe4.重复倒装句型，用在以so，nor，neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”“也这样”；nor，neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。e.g.IamwatchingTV.Soisshe.Myparentsdidn"twatchTVlastnight.Neither（Nor）didI.Sheisbusydoingherhomework.Soisherbrother.Youpassedtheexam.SodidI.Hedoesn’tlikeshopping.Neitherdoi.Hecan’tspeakanyforeignlanguage.Norcanhisfather.表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用soitiswith…5 Hisuncleisaworkerandhasbeenworkinginthefactoryformorethantenyears.Soitiswithhisaunt.Ex：1)Idon"tknowhowtoswim,____.A.andmysisterdoesn"tneitherB.normysistercanC.nordoesmysisterD.andmysisterdoeseither2)She"spassedthetest.____.A.SoamIB.SohaveIC.SoIhaveD.AlsoIhave5.直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）e.g."Verywell，"saidtheFrenchstudent."Bringmetwoeggsandacupoftea，please."saidhe.6.在以hardly(scarcely),never,not,notonly,little,few，seldom,nosooner…(than),notuntil,nowhere等否定或半否定意义的副词、连词放在句首时要用倒装句，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。e.g.Littledidhesayatthemeeting.NevershallIforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheArmy.Hardly(Scarcely)hadhereachedthestationwhenthetrainstarted.Notoncedidwevisitthecityofourown.SeldominallmylifehaveImetsuchadeterminedperson.Notonlywastherenoelectricity,butalsonowater.Notuntilheshoutedatthetopofhisvoicedidsheturnherhead.比较：IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheArmy.Ex：1)Hardly________theairportwhentheplanetookoff.A.Ihadarrivedat　B.hadIarrived　C.hadIreached　D.Ihadgotto　　2)—Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?—No,________anythinglikethatbefore.　　A.Ineverhaveseen　B.neverIhaveseen　C.neverhaveIseen　D.Ihaveseen7.用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。e.g.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowrk.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。e.g.OnlyWangLiliknowsthis.onlyOnlyafewyoungmenwenttothetheatre.（修饰主语时则不用倒装）Ex：1)Onlyinthisway___makeprogressinyourEnglish.　A.you　B.canyou　C.youbeableto　D.willyouableto2)Onlywhenthemeetingwasover___gobacktomeethisfriend.A.hecould　B.hewasableto　C.washeableto　D.wasabletohe3)Onlyafterliberation___tobetreatedashumanbeings.A.didtheybeginB.theyhadbegunC.theydidbeginD.hadtheybegun8.为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如up，down，out，away，in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）e.g.Awayhurriedtheboy.Outrushedthegirl.Awayshewentwithtearsinhereyes.Ex：Out____,withastickinhishand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush表示地点的介词短语(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleofthe5 room等)放在句首时,要全部倒装。如:　　Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree.　　Infrontoftheclassroomisaplayground.Ex：Underabigtree________,halfasleep.A.didsatafatmanB.afatmansatC.didafatmansatD.satafatman9.在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were，had和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。e.g.HadItime（=IfIhadtime），Iwouldgoandhelpyou.WereIyou（=IfIwereyou），Iwouldgoabroad.Shouldhecome（=Ifheshouldcome），tellhimtoringmeup.10.as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/副词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语）。e.g.Proudastheyare，theyareafraidtoseeme.Childasheis，heseemstoknoweverything.（child前不加冠词）Hardasheworded，hemadelittleprogress.Ex：________,he"shonest.A.Asheispoor　B.Poorishe　C.Poorasheis　D.Poorasishe_____,heknowsalotofthings.A.AchildasheisB.ChildasheisC.AchildasisheD.Childasishe11.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。e.g.Mayyousucceed！LonglivethePeople"sRepublicofChina！12.So+形容词、副词及such置于句首时要倒装。Sohappydidhefeel.Suchwasme.13.固定搭配hardly…when;scarcely…when…;nosooner…than…可以用正常语序hadhardlydonewhen…did或用倒装句式Hardlyhad+主语+donewhen…did句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。Thebellhardlyhadrungwhentheclassbegan.=Hardlyhadthebellrungwhentheclassbegan.NosoonerhadhearrivedinBeijingthanhebegantowork.Ex：Hardly____down___hesteppedin.A.hadIsat…thanB.Ihadsat…whenC.hadIsat…thenD.hadIsat…when14.在以often,well,manyatime,nowandagain等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:　　ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice.　　Oftenhavewemadethattest.Ex：Manyatime________swimmingalone.A.theboywent　B.wenttheboy　C.didtheboygo　D.didgotheboy15.so+形容词/副词that的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下：so+形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that+从句。Lighttravelssofastthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.=Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.5 Soeasywastheworkthattheyfinisheditinafewdays.16."分词(代词)+be+主语"结构。如:　　Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。GoneforeverarethedayswhentheChinesepeoplehadtouseforeignoil.17.为了保持句子的平蘅或为了强调表语和状语，或使上下文紧密衔接，把它们放在句首用倒装句。该结构不需加助动词。Eastofthetownliesabeautifullake.InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.Outsidethedoctor’sclinicweretwentypatients.倒装句练习：1._______andcaughtthemouse.A.UpthecatjumpedB.ThecatupjumpedC.UpjumpedthecatD.Jumpedupthecat2.______andthelessonbegan.A.IncameMrBrownB.MrBrownincameC.IncameheD.cameinMrBrown3.Over_______,dead.A.rollingthegoatB.rolledthegoatC.didthegoatrollD.thegoatrolled4.—Whereismyshirt,mum?—_________.A.ThereisitB.ThereitisC.ThereisD.Hereisit5.—Whereisyourfather?—Oh,________.A.herehecomesB.heherecomesC.heredoeshecomeD.herecomeshe6.Thedooropenedandthere________.A.entersanoldmanB.enteredanoldmanC.didanoldmanenterD.anoldmanentered7.Now______yourturntorecitethetext.A.willcomeB.comesC.hascomeD.thereis8.Often_____themnottosmokehere.A.weadvisedB.advisedmeC.didweadviseD.hadweadvised9.________playingsoldiers.A.InsidetheroomweretwoboysB.InsidetheroomtwoboysC.WeretwoboysinsidetheroomD.Insidetheroomwastwoboys10.Onthewall_______twolargeportraits.A.arehangingB.HangedC.hangD.hangs11._______whowaswoundedinthestomach.A.AmongthemwereasoldierB.AmongthemwasasoldierC.AmongthemasoldierwasD.Amongtheywasasoldier12.Nextdoortoours________,whoisnolessthaneighty.A.thatlivesanoldmanB.doesanoldmanliveC.livesanoldmanD.wherelivesanoldman5 13.Sheplaysthepianoverywell,______.A.soeveryoneofusdoesB.everyoneofusdoesC.sodoeseveryoneofusD.sodoeveryoneofus14.Yousayheworkshard,______,and_____.A.sohedoes;soyoudoB.sohedoes;sodoyouC.sodoeshe;sodoyouD.sodoeshe;soyoudo15.—Ithoughtyouwomenwerepresentatthemeeting.—__________.A.SowewereB.SowedidC.SowereweD.Sodidwe16.Idon’tthinkJackwillcometoday,_____.A.norwillMaryB.andMarydoesn’tC.MarywilleitherD.orMarydoes17.Sheisfondofcooking,_____I.A.soamB.noramC.neitherdoD.nordo18.MarxwasborninGermanyandGermanwashisnativelanguage.A.SoitwaswithEnglishB.SowasitwithEnglishC.SowasEnglishD.SodidEnglish19.Afishneedswaterandwithoutwateritwilldie._______.A.SodoesamanB.SowillamanC.SoitiswithamanD.Soisitwithaman20.Soabsorbed_______theworkthatsheoftenforgotto_____hermeals.A.hadshebeenin;doB.shewasin;makeC.wasshein;takeD.shehadbeenin;have21.Soloudly______thateveryoneoftheclasscouldhearhim.A.didhespeakB.didhespokeC.spokeheD.hespoke22.__________hisapperancethatnoonecouldrecognizehim.A.StrangesowasB.SostrangewasC.WassostrangeD.Sowasstrange23.Notonce______theirplan.A.didtheychangeB.theychangedC.changedtheyD.theydidchange24.Never______suchawonderfulplaceasHangzhou.A.areseeingB.hadIseenC.IhaveseenD.haveIseen25.Seldom______TVduringtheday.A.theywatchB.aretheywatchingC.havetheywatchedD.dotheywatch26.Nowhere______asinmygarden.A.theflowersweresobeautifulB.weretheflowerssobeautifulC.sobeautifulweretheflowersD.sobeautifultheflowerswere27.Hardly________hishomeworkwhenhewentout.A.finishedheB.hehadfinishedC.didhefinishD.hadhefinished28.Scarcely_____finishedtheirhomework______Icameintotheclassroom.A.hadthey;thanB.theyhad;whenC.hadthey;whenD.didthey;when29.Notonly_______apromise,butalsohekeptit.A.hashemadeB.doeshemakeC.hemadeD.didhemake30.Notuntilhiscomradescriticizedhim_______toadmithismistake.A.hadhebegunB.beganheC.didhebeginD.doeshebeginKeys：1—5CABBA6—10BBBDA11—15BCCBA16—20BAACC21—25ABADD26—30BDCDC5