2016高考英语语法超级归纳 127页

一-冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a，an）,定冠词（the）,和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法1指一类人或事，相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.有个男孩在等你。3表示"每一"相当于every,oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事—Hello,couldIspeaktoMeSmith?—Sorrv.wrongnumberThereisn"tMr.Smithhere.A.不填B.aC.theD.oneThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.（活雷锋）6用于固定词组中acoupleof,abitonceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,haltwhat,such之后Tliisroomisratherabigone.8用于so（as,too,how）+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet・9用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success（抽象名词）一asuccess（具体化）成功的人或事afailure失败的人或事ashame带来耻辱的人或事apity可惜或遗憾的事amust必需必备的事agoodknowledgeof精通掌握某一方面的知识IL定冠词的用法1表示某一类人或物InmanyplacesinChina.bicycleisstillpopularmeansoftransportation.A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于演奏乐器playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）一CouldyoutellmethewaytoJohnsons,please?一Sorry,wedon"thaveJohnsonhereinthevillage.A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD.the;/7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代inthe19901（二十世纪九十年代）11用于表示度量单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词Hepattedmeontheshoulde匚IIL不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air 2名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,eveiy等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone-/Whosepurseisthis?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday.NationalDay,spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica・5表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess・6与by连用表示交通方式的名词前Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastbyseainsteadofdrivingacrosscontinent.A.the;theB.不填；theC.the;不填D.不填；不填7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.二、名词和主谓一致I.名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词 特别注懣名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质①Sheheldsomeflowersinherhand・②Thetreesarenowinflower花儿个体名词开花抽象名词©Youthisbeautiful.②Heisayouthoftwenty■=4=t士冃春抽象名词年轻人个体名词①Theyhaveachievedremarkablesuccessintheirwork・②一HowabouttheChristmaseveningparty?—Ishouldsayitwasasuccess・成功抽象名词成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质©Ironisakindofmetal.②Pleaselendmeyouriron.铁物质名词熨斗个体名词©Hebrokeapieceofglass.②Hebrokeaglass.玻璃物质名词玻璃杯个体名词①Iboughtachickenthismorning②Pleasehelpyourselftosomechicken小鸡个体名词鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如:have等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作①一FdlikeinformationaboutthemanagementofvourhoteLplease.一Well,youcouldhavewordwiththemanager.HemightbehelpfulA.some,aB.an.someC.some.someD.an,a②Theysentuswordofthelatesthappenings.消息（抽象名词）A.aB.anC./D.the③Couldwehavewordbeforevougotothemeeting?话（个体名词〉A,aB.anC./D.the类例:haveadream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/awash/acliscussion/alooktakeawalk/abathmakeanadvance（进步“makeanearlystart（早点出发）/makeadecision/makeachange/giveacryofpain（发出痛苦的叫声）/giveatry表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分①ManypeopleagreethatknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday・A.a,/B.the.anC.the,theD.人theaknowledgeoftruth（知道实际情况）giveafullerkaiowledgeofChina（提供关于中国更为翔实的知识）haveaknowledgeofshorthand（有速记的知识）②Iftherewerenoexamination^weshouldhaveatschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime③ismoney.A.ThetimeB.AtimeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示"‘一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰①Oh.John.vougaveme!A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise②ShelookedupwhenIshouted・A.inasurpriseB.inthesurpriseC-insurpriseD.insomesurprise其它例子：Thegiftcameasacompletesurprisetome.Wehavehadsomeunpleasantsurprise（3）Itisworkofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusualII.名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加・s或・es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规贝IJ例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,species3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关）,forces（军队）,times（时代）,spirits（情绪），drinksf饮料），sands（沙滩），papers（文件报纸）,manners（礼貌）,looks（外表）.brains（头脑智力）,greens（青菜）,ruins（废墟）7表示“某国人”加・sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,,womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches 将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.主谓一致规则情况举例语法致原则以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes・Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。whatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks・WhatIsayanddois（are）helpfulforyou.由连接词and或both-and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every或morethana(an)/one,manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,anyno,every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.LucyandLilyaretwinsThewriterandartisthascome.Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.ManyaboyandmanyagirllikesiLNoboyandnogirllikesit.Eachofushasanewbook・Iseveryoneheretoday?Somebodyisspeakinginclass.Everythingaroundusismatter若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。Noneofthesugarwasleft.Noneofushas（have）beentoAmerica.在定语从句里，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Thosewhowanttogopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heisthe（only）oneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard・在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致ItisIwhoamgoingtothecinematonight.Itiswewhoaregoingtothecinematonight.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild・Thecattleareeatinggrassinthefield.Hisfamilyhasmovedtothesouth•（他的一家）HisfamilyarewatchingTV.（他的家人）Classfourisonthethirdfloor.（四班）ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.（四班的学生）dbalotof/lotsof?plentyof?aheapof/heapsof?therestof/themajorityof+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.50percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.此外，还anumberof-i-复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但thenumberof+复数名词的数就得依number而定（用单数）。Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmerpickapples・Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred・在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures-Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.Betweenthetwohillsstandsamonument.逻What,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?AreanyofyougoodatEnglish?Hasanyofyougotapen?Allcanbedonehasbeendone・Allisgoingwell.Allhavebeentakenout.AllhavegonetoBeijing. 辑意义致原则表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework..Twentypoundsistoodear.如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式Fortykilosofwaterareusedeveryday.若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。TheUnitedStatesissmallerthanChina."TheArabianNights"isaninterestingstory-book・表数量的短语"oneandahaf后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.一些学科名词是以・ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等。都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。Idon"tthinkphysicsiseasytostudy.trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissors(剪刀)等词彳乍主语时，谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时(clothes被asuitof修饰)谓语动词用单数。Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis. “定冠词（he+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。Theoldaretakengoodcareofthere.Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoalt就近/远致原则当两个主语由eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,whetheror连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends・Neitherhenortheyarewhollyright.Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?therebe句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是±and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.主语后面住艮有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,besides,alongwith,including,inadditionto等引起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.Awomanwithababywasonthebus.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese・Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanythingaboutit三、代词I.代词可以分为以下八大类1人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them形容词性物主代词my,your,his,her,its,oui;their名词性物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs2反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves3指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some4疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever5关系代词/连接代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as6不定代词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittleother/another,all/both,neither/either7相互代词eachother.oneanotherIL不定代词用法注意点类另区另u例句one,some,any和itone可以泛指人或者事（东西），其复数为ones①W&vebeenlookingatthehousesbuthaven"tfoundwelikeyet.A.oneB.onesC.itD.them②Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems—infactfarmoreseriousthanmobilephonesdo.A.oneB.onesC.itD.thosesome可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等——Yourcoffeesmellsgreat!一It"sfromMexico.Wouldyoulike?A.itB.someC-thisD」ittlesome和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个®Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine・Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.②一WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?一wavasvouplease・A.EachB.EveryC.AnvD.Either one指同类中的一个，it指代同一种类的东西。此外it还可以作形式主语、形式宾语和用于强调句型中。一Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandborrow?一No,Fdratherbuyinthebookstore.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.itiitsome多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句©There"scookingoilinthehouse.Wouldvougotothecornerstoreandget・A」ittle.someB・1ittle.anvC.alittle.someD.alittle.anv②WehadthreesetsofgardentoolsandweseemedtohavenouseforA.noneB.eitherC.anyD.each③Hedoesifthavefurnitureinhisroom・-justanolddesk.A.anyB.manyC.someD・much each和everyeach强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上①Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary・Each(ofus)hasadictionary.=Weeachhaveadictionary.②Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Eveiyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.none和nono等于notnny,作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以©Thereisnowaterinthebottle.(2)Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.(3)Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties・other和anothero(her泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如:theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指两者中的另外一个，复数为theothers®Bothsideshaveaccusedofbreakingthecontract.A.anotherB・theotherC.neitherD.each②Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam・another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”①Wehadapicniclasttennanditwasalotoffun,solet"shaveonethismonth.A.theotherB・someC・anotherD・other②Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivetrieanotherpair/someothers・③Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball・either和neither前者意思为：两者都（两者中任何一方都）；后者意思为：两者都①—Dovouwantteaorcoffee?—.Ireallvdon"tmind・A.noneB・neitherC・eitherD・all②【twashardforhimtoleamEnglishinafamily,inwhichoftheparentsspokethelanguage.A.noneB.neitherC.bothD.each四、形容词和副词I.形容词1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置1修饰some,any,every,no和bocly,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时nobodyabsent,everythingpossible0以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossible3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等作定语时后置theonlypersonawake4和空间、时间、单位连用时abridge50meterslong5成对的形容词可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful6形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith7enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置totakehisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.(NMET2000)A.BraveenoughstudentsB・EnoughbreavestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。规则:限定语（The、A）+描绘性形容词+size（小）+shape（形状）+age（年龄、时间）+color（颜色）+origin（国籍、来源）+material（材料）+purpose（日的）+名词。▲ThisgirlisLinda"scousin.（05北京卷） A.preUyliMleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpanish2.复合形容词的构成1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词tvventy-year3•形容词（短语）作伴随状语Ashelookedatthegoat,itrolledover,dead.当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。Afraidofdifficulties,theyprefertotaketheeasyroad.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路°II.副词的分类： 1时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once,recently5频度副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never2地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above6疑问副词how,where,when,why3方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly，excitedly,really7连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile4程度副词almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather8关系副词when,where,whyIIL形容词和副词的比较等级favourite,excellent,extreme,perfect,superiorjunior等。形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加弋「和七咋多音节和一些双音节词前加项目例句同级比较时常常用as...as...以及notso(as)…as…Sheisastallashermother.Iamnotas/sogoodaplayerasyouare.双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级(+than)的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone・Ihaveneverseensuchamoreinterestingfilm(thanthisone).表示一方不及另一方时，用"less+原级+than"的结构表示Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone・表示一方随另一方变化时用"themore...themore句型Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake用比较级来表达最高级的意思Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。(意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。)倍数的表达表达法一：Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetcjofB.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone・这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。表达法二：Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB・AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。表达法Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB・Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours・你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double・more和most。注意：1.可以修饰比较级的词有:much,many,alot,even,far^abit，alittle,still,yet,byfar,any,agreatdeal；2.表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:五.动词和短语动词知识网络动词的分类行为动词(实义动词)①及物动词(带宾语)：study,develop;②不及物动词(不带宾语)work,swim,go,come③状态动词(相对静止)contain,exist,own,prefer,belong④动作动词：延续性(work,stay)；非延续性(marry,go,come)连系动词(汉语中没有这种词类) 助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语)be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will$would,shall情态动词can(could),may(might),must,shall(should) 短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类Pleaseturneveiylightinthehouseoff.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物）Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.晚会后，人们都己离去，哈里出现了。（不及物）注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开Sheturnedoffallthelightswhichhadbeenlefton.她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间Shegavethemaway.她送掉了它们。③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异ringback回电话ringoff挂断电话ring叩打电话putaway放好puton穿，上演putup挂起，举起。④不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异breakout发生，爆炸carryout进行，开展goout熄灭handout分发letout放出lookout当心sellout卖完setout出发，（akeout取岀workout算出动词+介词（及物）I"mlookingformyglasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。lookafter照料，lookat看，lookfor寻找动词+副词+介词Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.我盼望不久就见到你。注：“动词+介词"、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。Inthiswaybothgrainandvegetablecanbewelllookedafter.（不能漏掉after）这样一來，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。考点聚焦及解题点拨（单个动词）同义词近义词辨析从三个方面考虑：词的恰切含义、搭配（与介词、名词或非谓语动词的搭配）和用法（是及物动词还是不及物动词）系动词的用法状态系动词be持续系动词keepjemain,stay,continue,lie,standjest表象系动词seem,appear感官/感觉系动词look,smell,taste,sound.feel变化系动词become,grow.get,turn,fall,go,come终止系动词prove,turnout解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。特别关注：gohungry,cometrue,turnwriter接双宾语的动词givesb.sth=givesth.tosbbuysb.sth.=buysth.forsb但是我们只能说：suggeststh.tosb.explainsth.tosb・readsth.tosb.短语动词的辨析熟记常考的短语动词的意义容易被我们忽视的知识点sell,write,wash,wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义happen,occur,takeplace,breakout,comeout,belongto等无被动形式六.动词的时态和语态1.常用常考的动词时态和用法：（以do为例） 名称构成用法一般现在时do/does,（连系动词is/am/are）1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。2.主句是一般将来时，时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。F11gothereafterIfinishmywork.Ifitrainstomorrowjwon"tgothere.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Therecomesthebus.汽车来了。Hereshecomes.她来了。一般过去时did,（连系动词was/were）表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。现在进行时is/am/aredoing1.表示正在进行的动作。2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。 SheisleavingforBeijing.她要去北京。Heisworkingasateachertomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。MyfatheriscomingtoseemethisSaturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。TheChangjiangRiverisflowingintotheeast.长江江水滚滚向东流。Thesunisrisingintheeast.太阳从东方冉冉升起。过去进行时was/weredoing1•表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）Hewaspreparinghislecturealldayyesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行TheywerestillworkingwhenIleft.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生IwaswritingwhilehewaswatchingTV.4.表示过去将来动作Hesaidshewasarrivingthenextday.现在完成时has/havedone1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时己完成的动作。Ihavefinishedthereport./Shehascleandtheroom.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”,“since..：表述的一段时间状语连用。HehaslearnedEnglishforsixyears・Theyhaveworkedheresincetheyleftcollege・3.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“hnve/hasbeento”,表示"到某地去了（还未回来）”用4en只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resistfeellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto两者都可以意义基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need,want,require（主语与动名词Z间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stoptodo停止•于•中所做的事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regrettodo（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regretdoing（指动作已经发生）goontodo（接着做另外一件事）goondoing（接着做同一件事）trytodo（设法，努力去做，尽力）tiydoing（试试去做,看有何结果）meantodo<打算做,企图做）meandoing（意思是，意味着）can*thelp（to）do（不能帮忙做）can"thelpdoing（忍不住要做）beconsideredtohavedone被认为己经做了consider...tobe认为是considerdoing考虑做某事非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别注意：thebridgetobebuilt将建造的桥，thebridgebeingbuilt正在建造的桥Jhebridgebuilt已经建好的桥分类常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句 不定式ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage主谓关系，强调动作将发生或已经完成Iaskedtobesenttothecountryside・Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes・have,notice,see.watch,hear,feel,let.make现在分词notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主谓关系，强调动作正在进行，尚未完成Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.过去分词动宾关系，动作己经完成，多强调状态Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged・IV.非谓语动词做定语的区别分类区别例句不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生Ihavealotofpaperstotype.Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped・Ihaven^tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.（介词at不能丢）动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的主谓关系Shallwegototheswimmingpool?现在分词与被修饰词Z间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生theboilingwater/theboiledwaterthedevelopingcountiy/thedevelopedcountiythefallingleaves/thefallenleaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现己经完成或只表示状态八.情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词 I•情态动词基本用法情态动词ffl法否定式疑问式简答式can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）cannot/cannot/can-doCan...do…？Yes,…can.No,…cantcouldcouldn"tdomay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）maynotdoMay•••do…？Yes,-..may.No,.正：equalsth.等于某物误：ringtosb.正：ringsb.给某人打电话注：有个别词在用于其他意义时，可以是不及物的，如enterinto可以表示开始进入或从事某一状态或活动，或用于较抽象的概念。如： Thecountryenteredintoastateofwar.这个国家进入战争状态。Icanenterintoyourfeelingsatthelossofyourfather.我理解你失去父亲后的心情Thetwooldmenenteredintoalongconversation^两位老人开始长谈起来。十四、17个常用“be+形容词+about^结构beangryabout为生气becarefulabout当心becuriousabout对好奇beexcitedabout对感到兴奋behappyabout为感到高兴bemadabout对入迷beanxiousabout为担忧becertainabout确信bedisappointedabout对失望begladabout对感到高兴behopefulabout对抱有希望benervousabout为感到不安beparticularabout对讲究beseriousabout对认真beworriedabout为担忧besadabout为而难过besureabout对有把握bebadat不善于十五、10个常用“be+形容词+af，结构beangryat为生气becleverat擅长于beexpertat在方面是内行bemadat对发怒bedisappointedat对失望begoodat善于bequickat在方面敏捷beskilfulat在方面熟练beslowat在方面迟钝十六、18个常用“be+形容词+for”结构beanxiousfor渴望bebadfor对有害，对不利beboundfor前往becelebratedfor以出名 beconvenientfor对方便，在附近beeagerfor渴望befamousfor因闻名begoodfor对有益（方便）behungryfor渴望得到benecessaryfor对有必要besorryfor因抱歉bethankfulfor因而感激befitfor合适，适合begratefulfor感谢belatefor迟到bereadyfor为准备好besuitablefor对合适（适宜）bewell-knownfor以出名十七.6个常用“be+形容词+from”结构beabsentfrombedifferentfrom与不同befarfrom离远，远远不befreefrom没有，免受besafefrom没有的危险betiredfrom因而疲劳十八、13个常用“be+形容词+in”结构 beconcernedin与有关beengagedin从事于，忙于beexpertin在方面是行家behonestin在方面诚实beinterestedin对感兴趣belackin缺乏berichin富于，在方面富有beskilfulin擅长于besuccessfulin在方面成功beweakin在方面不行十九.18个常用“be+形容词+0少结构beafraidof害怕beawareof意识到，知道beashamedof为感到羞愧becarefulof小心,M-Jbecapableof能够，可以becertainof确信，对有把握befondof喜欢befreeof没有，摆脱befullof充满benervousof害怕beshortof缺乏besickof对厌倦betiredof对厌烦begladof为而高兴beproudof为自豪beshyof不好意思besureof肯定，有把握beworthyof只得,配得上bedisappointedin对（某人）感到失望beexperiencedin在方面有经验befortunatein在方面幸运二十、20个常用“be+形容词+to”结构beaccustomedto习惯于beblindto对视而不见becloseto靠近，接近becruelto对残酷,对无情bedevotedto献身，专心于beequalto等于,能胜任befamiliarto为（某人）所熟悉beharmfulto对有危害beimportantto对重要p;beopento对开放，易受到beopposedto反对，不赞成beoppositeto在对面，和相反bepoliteto对有礼貌berelatedto与有关（是亲戚）berespectfulto尊敬berudeto对无礼besimilarto与相似betrueto忠实于，信守beusedto习惯于beusefulto对有用 二^一、16个常用“bc+形容词+with”结构beangrywith对（某人）生气bebusywith忙于beconcernedwith关于，与有关bedelightedwith对感到高兴befamiliarwith熟悉，精通beillwith患病beboredwith对厌烦becarefulwith小心becontentwith以为满足bedisappointedwith对（某人）失望behonestwith对（某人）真诚bepatientwith对（某人）有耐心 bepleasedwith对满意（高兴）besatisfiedwith对满意二十二、24个常用“in+其他词+0皆结构inadvanceof在前面inbehalfof为了，为了的利益incelebrationof庆祝incommemorationof纪念,庆祝inexplanationof解释infavourof赞成，主张inhonorof纪念，祝贺，欢迎inneedof需要inpossessionof拥有inrespectof关于，就而言insightof看得见，在看见的地方insupportof为了支持（拥护）注：同时注意一下相似结构：inexchangefor作为对的交换inreturnfor作为的报答inadditionto加之，除之外incontrastto[with]与形成对比inreplyto作为对的回答（答复）in[with]referenceto关于bepopularwith受欢迎bestrictwith对（某人）严格inaidof帮助incaseof如果，万一，以防inchargeof负责，管理indefenceof保卫infaceof面对infrontof在前面inmemoryof纪念inplaceof代替inpraiseof称赞insearchof寻找，搜找inspiteof虽然，尽管inviewof鉴于，考虑到inpreparationfor为作准备inrewardfor作为的报酬inanswerto回答，响应inoppositionto与相反，反对inresponseto回答，响应in[with]regardto关于二十三、27个带todoingsth.^J常用结构1.动词+介词to+动名词⑴admittodoingsth.承认做了某事⑵applytodoingsth.适用于做某事 ⑶objecttodoingsth.反对做某事⑷seetodoingsth.负责做某事⑸sticktodoingsth.坚持做某事（6）taketodoingsth.喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事1.动词+宾语+介词to+动名词⑴applyoneselftodoingsth.专心致力于做某事（2）devotesth.todoingsth.把献给做某事⑶devoteoneselftodoingsth.献身于做某事⑷limitsth.todoingsth.把限制在做某事的范围内⑸reducesb.todoingsth.使某人沦为做某事 1.动词+名词+介词to+动名词⑴giveone，slifetodoingsth.献身于做某事⑵giveone，smindtodoingsth.专心做某事⑶haveadisliketodoingsth.厌恶做某事⑷haveaneyetodoingsth.注意做某事⑸haveanobjectiontodoingsth.反对(反感)做某事(6)payattentiontodoingsth.注意做某事(7)setone，smindtodoingsth.决心做某事4.be+形容词+介词to+动名词能胜任做某事⑴beequaltodoingsth.等于做某事,⑵beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事⑶beopposedtodoingsth.反对做某事⑷bereducedtodoingsth.使某人沦为做某事⑸bedevotedtodoingsth.把时间（钱，精力等）献给做某事⑹belimitedtodoingsth.把限制在做某事的范围内5.其他结构+介词to+动名词⑴getdowntodoingsth.开始做某事，认真处理某事⑵lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事⑶Whatdoyousaytodoingsth?你认为做某事如何？附：关于听力小结： 英语听力这门学科说来很有意思，因为学生分两种：一•听力好的这种人就觉得听力不难，就这么莫名地提高了，题目做对了，貌似没有什么太大的难点；二•听力差的这样的学生觉得听力老错，然后就是不知道怎么提高，背单词也没用，听听么好像懂的，题目做了就会错，不知道怎么提高。其实首先要明白，听力主要还是靠practice的，没有什么神奇的方法能够帮你一夜之间成为听力能人！那么在训练的时候，注重相应的方法，可能会使得提高的效率更高而已。听力提高的三要素：1・词汇。不要傻乎乎的找本词汇手册就在那里背，完全脱离听力场景背单词并不可取。因为事实证明，很多人单词看到认识，但是听的时候就不知道了。这不是因为词汇量小，而是对词汇的把握没有达到一定的熟练程度！单词肯定是要背的，但是对于听力来说，可能背的单词还需用耳朵听一下。2•坚持每天都听一定时间。听力这个东西提高很慢，但退步却很快。听一个星期可能没什么进步，但是一个星期不听却会有很大退步。这就为什么很多人如果听力不好，就一直很难提高的原因！所以每天花个1小时左右听，不仅提高听力，还会间接地提高口语的语音!3•熟悉题型。毕竟是考试，所以熟悉题型，熟悉出题规律，当然能最大限度地发挥自身的听力能力。这方面一般报个培训班就好了。当然基础不错的同学，自学也是可以的。总而言之，提高听力如果是为了通过考试做题的话。那么每篇至少听3遍。第一遍就是单纯地做题。第二遍是分析，不要看原文，不懂的地方多听几遍，然后再参考原文，不熟悉的词或词汇划出来背一下。第三遍是从头到尾再听一遍，捕捉更多的细节(notlimitedtothequestionsinthetest)。 I.Withthehelpof在~〜帮助下undertheleadership/careof在〜〜领导/关心下2.bestrictwithsb.对~人要求严格bestrictinsth.对~事要求严格3.atpresent=atthepresenttime目前forthepresent暂4.inthesun/sunshine在阳光下underthesun在世界上5.liein位于〜~之内lieon同〜〜接壤lieto位于〜~之外6-atleast至少intheleast丝毫，一点7.byname名叫inthenameof以〜〜名义8.intheair空中，在流传ontheair播出9.intheway挡路，障碍，用〜〜方法inaway在某点上，在某种程度上getone，sownwaytodo随心所欲giveway让步，屈服loseone5sway迷路bytheway顺便说一下onone，swayto在去〜〜的路上Comethisway这边走10.atthecorner在拐角处（外角）inthecorner在角落里（内角）onthecorner在角落上（外角上）11-judgeby/from根据来判断judgeforoneself由某人自己来判断12.attheend（of）在〜〜结束时atthebeginningof在〜〜开始时atthebackof在〜〜背后，支持attheageof岁时atthefootof在〜〜脚下atthebottomof在〜〜底部atthetopof在〜~顶上at/ontheedgeof在〜〜边上13.inthecourseof在〜〜过程中intheeyesof从〜〜观点看来，在〜〜眼里inthefaceof面对尽管，纵使inthemiddleof在〜中间intheend=atlast=finallyi14.ontheeveof在~〜前夕onthesideof在〜〜一边15.afteratime=a什ersometime过一段时间后foratime=forsometime一时，有一段时间16.behindtime迟到，过期behindthetimes落在时代后面17.atnotime决不innotime立即，马上18.atonetime=oncetime曾经atatime=eachtime每次attimes=sometimes有时atalltimes经常,直，始终atthesametime同时atthetime在的时候bythetime到的时候19.foramoment一会儿forthemoment暂时atthemoment当时themoment/minute/instance正当〜〜一刹那 14.onceortwice一两次morethanonce不止一次oncemore重新，又onceuponatime从前onceinawhile偶尔1.以break为中心的词组breakawayfrom脱离,逃离breakdown破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚breakin闯进，打断；使顺服breakinto闯入；强行进入；突然开始breakout爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚breakthelaw违反法律breaktherecord破记录breakonespromise失言breakup开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解 2.以catch为中心的词组becaughtdoing被发现做某事becaughtintherain淋雨catchabus/train赶汽车/火车catchacold伤风，感冒catchoneJsword听懂某人的话catchsightof发现，瞥见catchupwith赶上，追及，追上3-以come为中心的词组comeacross偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付comealong一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现comeat达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击comeback回来；恢复，复原comedown倒下；降落；跌落；病倒comefrom来自，起源于，从〜〜产生，生于comein进来，进入；流行起来；获名次comeintobeing发生，产生，出现，形成comeintopower开始执政，当权，当选comeintouse开始使用，获得应用comeon上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；(问题)被提出cometoknow开始了解到comeout出来，传出；出版；结果悬褪色；(秘密)泄露cometo苏复原;共计；达到；归结于cometoanend终止，结束cometrue实现，成为现实；证实comeup走近；上楼；长出，发芽1.以do为中心的词组bedonein精疲力竭bedonewith完全结束doagooddeed做一件好事doawaywith去掉，废除；弄死；浪费dogoodto(=dosb.good)有益于doharmto(=dosb.good)有害于doitswork有效，有作用domuch极有用dowrongto做错doone"sbest尽某人最大努力doone"shomework做作业doone"sutmost尽力而为doproud足以使—骄傲dosb.justice公平对待某人dosomecleaning(V+ing3etc.)搞卫生dosb.afavor帮助某人dowellin学得不错，干得漂亮dowith和〜〜相处，忍受，处理dowithout不需要，不用dowonders创造奇迹havemuchtodowith和〜〜很有关系havenothingtodowith与〜-无关havesomethingtodowith和—有关indoingso=insodoing这时，在这种情况下Thatwilldo.行了；够了2.以get为中心的词组getabout徘徊，走动，旅行；流传getaboveoneself自视高傲getaccustomedto习惯于，对〜〜习以为常getacross度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解getaheadof胜过，超过getalong前进，进步；同意；离去getalongwith与〜〜相处getat发现，了解；掌握；攻击havegottodo不得不，必须getaway离开，逃脱getback取回，回来；报复getbehind落后；识破getdown咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁getdownto认真对待，静下心来getfamiliarwith熟悉getholdof获得，取得gethome到家getin进入，陷入；牵涉getoff送走；脱下(衣服)；下车；动身geton上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处getuponwith进步；在〜〜方面获得成功getoneshandin熟悉；习惯getoutof由〜〜出来，从〜〜得出；避免；退休getover越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成getreadyfor为〜〜作准备getridof除去，去掉；免除，摆脱getthrough到达，完成，通过；及格gettogether积聚，积累；商冕取得一致意见getup起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，组织getusedto习惯于 6.以give为中心的词组begivento沉溺于，癖好giveabout分配；传播giveandtake相互迁就giveaway赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发giveback归还givecause给予〜〜的理由giveearto侧耳倾听giveforth发出，放出；发表givein屈服，让步，投降giveinto同意，接受；向〜〜让步giveoff发出（烟，气味）giveoneselfouttobe/as自称为giveoneselfupto专心于；向〜〜自首giveout分发，公布giveplaceto让位于，被〜〜所替代giveriseto引起，导致；使〜〜发生givesb.tounderstand通知某人giveup放弃；停止givewayto让步，退却；屈服于7.以look为中心的词组lookabout四下环顾；査看lookafter照顾，看管lookaround东张西望lookat注视，着眼于lookback回顾lookfor寻找；期待，期望lookdownon俯视；轻视lookforwardto盼望，期待lookinto窥视；调查；浏览looklike看起来象lookon旁观；面向lookout向外看；注意；当心，堤防lookover从上面看过去；检查lookthrough透过〜〜看去；看穿；浏览lookupto仰望，尊敬8.以make为中心的词组bemadefrom由〜〜原料制成bemadeof由—材料制成bemadeupof由〜〜组成makeafoolof愚弄，欺骗makeamistake弄错makeapointofdoing强调；认为〜〜重要；决心，坚持makeadvantages/useof使用，禾用makeafter追求，追赶makebelieve假装makecertain确信，把〜〜弄清楚makecontactwith接通，与〜〜接触，与〜~联系makefor去向，向〜〜前进；有利于makefriendswith和交友makeinto把—制成，使转变为makemuchof重视；理解；赏识makeone"smindonsth.决定某事makeoneJsown当作自己的看待makeoneselfathome随便，别拘束makeout填写；开支票；理解；辨认makethebestof尽量利用；极为重视makeup弥补，修理；赔偿，补偿；起草；编造；化装makeupto接近，巴结；向〜〜求爱makewayfor为〜〜让路，让路于onthemake急求成功；增加9.以put为中心的词组putaside把〜〜放在一边；搁置；排除putaway把〜〜放好，把〜〜收拾；储藏；吃喝，吃掉putback把〜〜放回原处;驳回putdown放下；镇压；制止；记下；削减；降落putforward提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡，倡议put〜〜into把〜〜放入；插入；翻译成puto什推迟，延期；消除；推脱，推辞puton上演；穿上，带上putupwith忍受，容忍putonesheartinto 全神贯注，专心致志putup举起，挂起；提名，推荐；陈列10.以take为中心的词组betakenaback吃惊takeaseat就坐takeashower淋浴，洗澡takeaim瞄准，设立目标takeaway拿走，减去;夺去take〜〜bysurprise出奇制胜takeoneJsplace就坐，入坐takecareof当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理,对付；负责takeoffice就职，上任take〜〜for把〜当作takeoff脱去，除去；离开；起飞；模仿；起程；致死；复制,作副本；减弱takeone"stemperature量体温takepartin参与，参加takeiteasy别着急，慢慢来takeplace=happen发生，举行taketheplaceof代替takepridein以〜〜为荣，对〜〜骄傲takesb.bythearm拉某人的胳膊•H.以turn为中心的词组giveanewturnto对予以新的看法inone}sturn轮到某人做某事outofturn不按次序的，不合适宜的takeone?sturntodo轮到做turnablindeyeto对〜〜视而不见turnagainst背叛，采取敌对态度turnback折回，往回走turndown折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑turninto走进；变成，变为turnto〜〜forhelp求助于turnoff关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，辞退；避开（问题）；制造；生产turnon打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于turnoneJsattentionto把注意力转向turnout培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是turnouttobe原来是，证明是，结果是turnoveranewleaf翻开新的一页，重新开始，改过自新turn（a）round旋转，转过身来；改变意见；采取新政策turnto变成；着手于turnupsidedown颠倒过来，翻过来；使陷入混乱unitoneagreatachievement一大成就abandonone"sideas放弃想法aboveall最重要，首先abovenormal高于正常水平above/belowthesealevel高于/低于海平面accordingto根据accept…as…承认…为accompanysb・陪伴某人accomplishwonders仓U超奇迹accountfor说明，解释，占有比例 achieveone"sambition实现抱负addrainaccusesbofsth控告/指责某人做过某事blamesbfor…，chargesbwithsth因…而控告某人 acknowledge...as..・承认…是…anableman一个能干的人anabsolutelie十足的谎言beable/unabletodosth.能/不能做某事beaborbedin,beburiedin,belostin,bewrappedupwith,beengagedin,bebenton,putone?sheartinto,fix/focus/concentrateone"sattentionon,applyone，smindto,bendoneselfto,devoteoneselfto,keepone"smindon全神贯注athomeandabroad在国内外beabsentfrom缺席beaccessibleto...对…来说是容易接近（到达）的byaccident意外地（onpurpose故意地）enablesb.todosth.使某人做某事goaboard上船goabroad出国haveabsoluteproof有确凿证据havetheabilitytodo有做…的能力have/gainaccesstosth.有接近（享受）・・・・的机会intheabsenceof缺乏・・•时、当・・・不在时itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat...众所周知makeanabstractof做摘要onboard在船上/甲板上onaccountof=becauseof=owingto=dueto由于、因为overnightaccommodations过夜的住处 takesthintoaccount=takesthintoconsideration=considersth.把…加以考虑unittwoapieceofadvice一条建议actas=serveas充当acton=perform表演adaptsbtosth使…适应addto=increaseaddupto=cometo累计达到，加起来总和additionalfunds额外资金addresssb・as…称呼某人为…adjustoneselftosth使自己适应于admiresb.forsth.因.••佩服某人admissionfee入场费admitdoing=confessdoing承认admitsbinto/to使…进入（admitsb.intotheparty发展某人入党）adoptanorphan收养孤儿adoptone，ssuggestion采纳建议adventurestories冒险故事advertiseforsth为得到…而登广告advertisesth登…广告 advisesbtodosth劝告，建议某人干・.・affectsb.=influencesb.影响某人anadvancedworker先进工作者anadequatesolutiontotheproblem解决问题的适当办法（充足的）beadmittedtotheuniversity被大学录取comeacross=meetwith=runinto遇到（〜difficulties遇到困难）follow（take）onersadvice听从…劝告foreign/privateaffairs外交事务/私事givesbone*sadviceon/about给某人…方面的建议haveanadvantageoversb胜过某人的优势have/showanaffectionfor喜爱…takeaction采取行动inaddition=besides=furthermore此外，而且inadditionto=aswellas=besides除了…还有inadvance=aheadoftime=aheadofschedual提前inadvanceof=infrontof在…前面itmustbeadmittedthat...必须承认…keepupwiththeadvanceofthesociety跟上社会的进步takeadvantageofsth.=makeuseofsth.利用takeadvantageofsb.=cheatsb.欺骗某人takeanactivepartin=beactivein积极参加toonefsadvantage/disadvantage对…有利（不禾ll）的是unitthreeahearingaid=anaidtohearing助听器 about/ofmyownage和我一样大afterall毕竟after-salesservice售后服务againandagain再三地，反复地againstone"swill违背意愿agreeon对取得一致意见agreeto（suggestion,proposal,plan）同意（计划*建议）agreewithsb./whatsb.said同意某人的看法，符合aheadofsb胜过，超过aheadoftime提前aimat瞄准（aimatdoing=aimtodo以…目标）allatonce=suddenly突然allover到处allthesame还是，仍然allthetime始终一直allowsbsth=givesbsth允给某人…allowsbtodosth=allowdoingsth・允许（某人）做某事anagreessiveyoungman一个有进取心的年轻人attheageof…在多大年龄的时候 attheairport在机场beafraidofdoing害怕去做某事beafraidtodosth.不敢做某事beagainst=objectto反对beinfavourof=befor=beonone"sside支持benamedafter以…命名beofage成年be/runafter追求、追赶某人catchsbalive活捉某人can/could/beabletoaffordsth买得起developagriculture发展农业fight/struggleagainst对抗firstofall首先forages=foralongtime很长时间了give/sound/raisethealarminall总共intheageofcomputer在计算机时代intheair在空气中intheopenair在露天leanagainst靠着 ontheair在广播中onthealert警戒着setthealarmat10把闹钟调在10点soundthealert发出警报thealcoholicdrinks含酒精的饮料theold=theaged=theelderly老年人thepeoplealive=thelivingpeople活着的人thesoftdrinks不含酒精的饮料thestoneage时代underage未到年龄unitfourlargeamountof=amountsof大］的（后跟不可数名词）achieveonefsambitions达到…志向alongwith=togetherwith连同alterone^smind改变主意amazesb=surprisesb.=astonishsb.是某人惊讶amountto共计为(=addupto=cometo)anannualreport年度报告andsoon=andsoforth等等beamazedtodo/at/that吃惊beangryat+言行beangrywithsb.aboutsth.因某事而生某人的气beannoyedwithsb.forsth.因某事而生某人的气befilledwithanger满腔愤怒 comealong一起来criticalanalysis评论分析getalongwith与…相处haveanambitiontodosth>有志向做某事realizeone^sambition实现志向havenoalternativebuttodo=havenochoicebuttodo别无选择，只能…healone=onlyhe只有他inthelastanalysis追根究底ithasbeenannouncedthat…己宣布…letalone更不用说，何况letsbalone让…单独留下loseone"stemper发脾气reachagoal达到…目标speakaloud>loudplease,speakloudly,inaloudvoice以较高的声音theancienttimes古代toouramusement令我们感到有趣的是weddinganniversary结婚纪念日unitfiveaparkingarea停车场answerback顶嘴 answerfor对…负责，因…而受罚(=beresponsiblefor),answerone，squestion=replytoone^squestion回答某人i可题anythingbut一点也不(=notatall)apartfrom此外，除外(=besides,except,inadditionto)apologizetosbfor(doing)sth因某事向某人道歉appealtosb.todosth.呼吁某人做…applyfor请求，申请applyone"smindtosth专,t?于applyoneselftodoing专心从事，埋头于…appointsb(tobe)sth任命某人…appreciatedoing感激appreciateone!skindnessindoing感激某人做某事的好意approveof赞成，批准(disapproveof不赞同)arguewithsb.about/oversth.与…争吵arminarm手挽手atanappropriatetime在合适的时间beanxiousabout=beworriedabout为…而焦虑、发愁 beanxiousfor=beeagerfor=longfor渴望…beanxioustodo=beeagertodo=longtodo渴望做某事beappropriateto/for对…适合byappointment通过预约carryababyinherarms怀抱婴儿coversanareaof50mu占地50亩haveagood/poorappetite有好/坏的食欲haveanappointmentwithsb与…有个约会(=makcanappointment)haveapplicationsin在…(方面)应用iwouldappreciateitifyouwould…如果你…我将万分感激inarea在面积上itappears/seemsthat…似乎、好彳laydownonefsarms放下武器makeanapologytosbforsth＞因某事向某人道歉nonebut只有(=only)nothingbut只不过(=only)pudongnewarea浦东新区takeappropriatemeasures采取适当的措施tearsthapart撕开tellsthapart区别开theanswertothequestion问题的答案theappointedtime约定的时间 theapproachofnight夜色来临theapproachtothistown进入…的通道withopenarms张开手臂欢迎wintheapplauseofthemasses得到群众的赞扬(二wintheheartsofsb.)unitsixagiftedathlete一个有天赋的运动员aheartattack心脏病(=aheartdisorder,aheartdisease)aimat瞄准，针对anartiflcalsmile不自然的微笑arousemyinterest引起我的兴趣arrangeforsbtodo安排某人去做arrangetodo安排arriveatanagreement达成协议arrestsb拘捕某人artificialsilk人造的丝绸asfarasiknow据我所知asfor/to关于，至于asif好像(=asthough)as/solongas只要 ascendthemountain登山askabout查问，打听askafter问候askforadayoff请一天假askforleave请假asksbafavour/afavourofsb,叫某人帮忙askfor寻找assembleamachine装备机器assumethecost承担费用assignsbsth分配，布置（assignsbtodosth布置某人做某事）assistsbwithsth,assistsbtodosth,assistsbindoingsth协助某人associateawithb把a和b结合在一起，联想到一起assuresbof=assuresbthat使（某人）相信atpresent=forthetimebeing=rightnow现在attempttodo企图干二makeanattempttodoattendschool上学attendthemeeting出席会议=bepresentatthemeetingattendtosth・关注，注意be（sound/fast）asleep熟睡beashamedofoneself为自己感到惭愧 beashamedtodo=beashamedofdoing做某事感到羞愧beastonishedtodo=beastonishedat=beastonishedthat惊讶beattachedto喜爱fallasleep入睡inafriendlyatmosphere在友好的气氛中inthisaspect=inthisrespect在…方面makearrangementsforsbtodo安排某人去做…makepreparationsfor为…作准备onarrivingin/at…一至(J达…putalittlemoneyaside存一点钱reducesthtoashes把••烧成灰烬(二burnsth.intoashes)show/conductsbaround带领某人参观…regarde^as把…认作(=considei•…as/tobe,thinkof…as，have…as，lookon…as)shootat向…射击，stepaside站在旁边toonefsastonishment=toone^ssurprise让某人惊讶的是unitsevenacertainamountofbaggage一定数量的行李 asmall(large)audience观众少(多)atabakery在面包房attractone"sattention引起某人注意avengeonelparents为父母报仇averagetemperature平均温度avoiddoingsth.避免做某事awaitsb=waitforsb等待某awakensbtosth使…意识到awardsbsth授予(=awardsthtosb>)awfully=terribly=extremely=very非常的；糟透了的backandforth来回be(fully)awareof=beconsciousof(充分)知道/意识到beavailabletosb可取得的heavailablefortwoweeks有效期两月beneficialbacteria有益的细菌breakbalance打破平衡(二destroythebalanceofnature)callsbbadnames叫…绰号catch/draw/attract/holdone"sattention吸引注意力developanattitudeto/towards养成对…的态度 feelawkward感到尴尬fifthavenue（纽约市）第五街frombadtoworse越来越糟giveaway泄漏gobad变质haveanaudienceof500有500个观众haveauthorityover对…行使权力historicalbackground历史背景keepbalance保持平衡keepsbawake使…醒着lieononetback四脚朝天躺着lookbackward回头往后看ontheaverage平均而论payattentionto对…加以注意（二takenoticeof）putsthaway收拾整齐rewardsbwithsthfordoingsth用…来奖励某人showonefsattitude表明态度takeaformattitude采取强硬态度 theauthorities政府当局thebacknumber…过期的…（thecurrentnumber最新throwaway扔turnawayfrom避开，不理睬turnone"sbackonsb不理睬…wakesbup唤醒…wantsthbadly=needsthbadly迫切希望得到…uniteightabandof一伙abarehill光秃秃的山abornmoviestar天生的电影明星asteambath蒸气浴atthebarber"s在理发店atthebeach在海滨bansb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事bantheuseof禁止使用…basicnecessitiesoflife生活的基本必需品batheone"swound洗伤口battlewith与…搏斗bebasedon以…为基础（basesth.onsth.）bebasicto与…息息相关 bearashareofresponsibility承担一份责任beardoingsth.=standdoingsth<=putupwith忍受beartheredcross标有红十字beatabargainwithsb与…讨价还价（makeabargainwithsb与…成交）beforeChrist公元前（b.c・）（ad公元）carbattery汽车电池have/takeahot/coldbath洗个热/冷水澡languagebarrier语言障碍lifttheban取消禁令onthebasisof在…基础上，在…前提下pickupabargain买到便宜货playbaseball打棒球practiceballet练习芭蕾putupbarriers设置障碍snackbar快餐店thedescentoftheballoon气球降落wrapabandagearoundhisinjuredarm给受伤的手臂缠上绷带unitnineabedtimestory临睡前的故事atthebeginningof在…初 bebeneficialtosb对…有益beatsb打败…(defeatsb・)beforelong=soon=presently不久begafavourofsb向…乞求帮助begsbtodo乞求某人做某事beginwith以…开始=tostartwith(tobeginwith首先)behaveyourself彳亍为规矩些behindthescenes幕后behindthetimes落后,陈旧的behindtime迟到believeinsb=trustsb信任…believesbtohavedone相信某人做过了…belongto属于bendone"sbrows皱眉beneaththehorizon地平线下benefitfrom从…中获益benefitsb有益于某人besidethepoint/tothepoint不在要点上/在要点上betweensb.共同承担，齐心协力comeintobeing=comeintoexistence开始形成 fromthe(very)beginning从…一开始dosthtothebestofone"sability=dosthinone"spower=goallouttodo竭尽全力forthetimebeing目前frombehindthedoor从门后gobegging乞讨growbeards蓄胡子hadbetter(not)do最好去(别)干…haveafirmbeliefinsth.坚信knowbetterthan很明白不至于去干…livebelowthepovertyline生活在贫困线下longbefore很久以前mightaswell(not)do最好去(别)干…onthebeat合拍(offthebeat不合拍)politicalbeliefs政治信念ringthebell敲钟safetybelt安全带thebeautyofnature自然美what"sbecomeofhim?=whathashappenedtohim?他出了什么事？unittenabittercontest激烈的竞争abittertaste苦味ablankpage空白页ableedingwound流血的伤口 ablindstreet/lane死胡同ablockof一大块achessboard棋盘athickblanketofsnow厚厚一层雪atomicbomb原子弹beblindin在…失明beblindto视而不见beboundtodosth.一定会，注定befullofboasts满口大话begiventoboasting喜欢吹牛bein(full)bloom(n.)・开花，盛开beyondmypower超出能力某人最渴望的梦想beyondone，swildestdreamsbindsth.withsth.把…粘合在一起bindthesoil粘合土壤blackandblue青一块紫一块blowdown吹倒blamesbforsth为…而受责怪(blamesthonsb・，betoblamefor)blarehorns鸣喇叭blindsbtosth使…看不到blowaway吹走blowout吹灭，车胎的爆裂bybirth天生blowup给…吹气boastof/about吹牛，自夸 buildupone"sbody强健体魄developone"smind增长智力bybicycle=onone5sbicyle骑自行车bybirth天生creasetheblouse将衬衫弄皱passthebill通过议案paythebill付账单rejectthebill否决议案noticeboard布告栏thebitterwinterwind刺骨寒风theboardofthecompany公司的董事会fourtypesofblood四种血型unitelevenabranchofarailroad铁路支线abreedofdogs一种狗一座钢结构桥abridgewithasteelframeworkapopularbrand名牌商标aspeciesoffish一种鱼aten-minutebreak十分钟休息atbreak=atthedawnoftheday在黎明atthebottomofthepage在页底atthebottom(foot)ofthemountain在山脚下beboredwith=betiredof=befedupwith对・・・感厌烦bebornin/ofaworkerfamily出生于工人家庭bebrandedononefsmemory铭刻在…脑中 bookin=checkin登记 bookingoffice售票处borrowedwords夕卜来词botheroneselfabout为…烦恼bottledmilk瓶装牛奶bottomprice]:低价bowonefshead低下头bowtosb^向某人鞠躬breakarecord打破记录breakawayfrom除去；逃脱breakdown坏了；抛锚breakintopieces碎成碎片breakinto/in破门而入breakonefspromise/words食言breakout爆发breakthebalanceof打破平衡brideandbridegroom新娘新郎bridgedifficulties度过难关companionbooklet同学录fromthebottomofone"sheart衷心的give(offer,handout)bribestosb向某人行贿havebrains有头脑hold/catchone^sbreath闭住呼吸 onthebrain念念不完(二inone"smind)outofbreath上气不接下气playbowling打保龄球takebribes受贿take/drawadeepbreath深呼吸unittwelve(brief-bye)abrilliantperformance出色的表演abunchofkeys一串钥匙abundleoffirewood一捆柴anythingbut一点也不(=notatall)bebuiltofbricks用砖砌成beburdenedwith肩负着beburiedin全神贯注(二buryoneselfinone"swork)bebusyatwork忙于工作bebusyindoing=bebusywithsth忙于某事bearashareofresponsibility承担一份责任bringabout=leadto=resultin=cause引起bringforward=putforward提出 bringsb.backtohealth使…恢复健康bringup抚养长大broadshoulders宽的肩膀broadcastlive实况广播broadlyspeaking从广义上讲browsethrough=leafthrough浏览buildupone*sbody强健体魄build(up)one*smind增强智力buildupone*smuscle锻炼肌肉bumpintosb撞到某人，遇到某人(二comeacross,runacross)burnoneselfout精疲力Iburnout烧光burstintolaughter=burstoutlaughing哈哈大笑burstintotears=burstoutcrying大哭butfor要不是buysth.byretail通过零售购买(buysth.bywholesale批发购买)byallmeans尽一切办法，一定byhand手工bymeansof通过bynomeans决不 byturns=inturn=inone"sturn轮流bywayof取道donothingbutdo别无选择只能做(=havenochoicebuttodo)drivesb.outofbusiness使某人做不成生意firebrigade消防队inbrief简短而言(二inshort,inaword，allinall)it"snoneofyourbusiness.=mindyourownbusiness.这不关你的事。knocksbdown撞倒某人learnsth.byheart把…背出makeabriefspeech简短演讲onbusiness出差paysb.bythehour按小时付费pushthebutton按电钮开关unitthirteen(cabbage-care)acandidatefortheposition候选人acapableman=anableman——个能干的人 advertisingcampaign广告战answerthecall回电becapableofdoing有能力做某事；竟敢做某事cabletv有线电视callat拜访某地callfor需要；打电话叫…calloff取消callonsbtodosth/forsth号召某人做某事callonsb.拜访某人callsbone"sname叫…名字callup打电话给…；应征入伍calmdown别紧张canceltheflight取消航班campingtrip野营（gocamping去野营）cannedfood罐装食品can"t…too…再…也不过分capturesb捕获（=arrestsb逮捕）capturetheattentionofaudience抓住…注意力carbondioxide二氧化碳careabout介意carefor担心；照顾；喜欢dosth.withcare很小心地做…enoughcapital足够的资金gocamping野营 inthecafeteria在自助餐厅keepcalm=remaincalm保持镇定lunarcalendar阴历makeaphonecall电话oncampus校内pocketcalculator袖珍计算机solarcalendar卩日历strongestcandidate具备最好条件的应征者televisioncamera电视摄像机unitfourteen(career-challenge)abirthcertificate出生证acasualremark即席发言achainof一系列；一连串apieceofchalk一支粉笔becarefulindoing=becarefulofsth.=becarefultodo做某事小心becarefulwithsth.(fire,work,study)要小心(火，工作，学习)becertaintodo=makecertainthat...=it"scertainthat…确实，肯定careerdiplomats职业外交官carryon继续进行；经营 carryout实施carrysth.away带走cashthischeque对换现金castanet撒网castavote投票catchfire着火catchone"seye/attention引起…注意catchsb.bythearm抓住…手臂catchsb.doing撞见某人正在做…(becaughtdoing)catchsightof看到catch/keepupwith跟上causesb>todo造成…去做…ceasefire停火celebrateoursuccess庆祝我们的成功chairameeting主持会议challengedmyview对我的观点提出异议followamusiccareer从事音乐生涯forcertain=forsure的确,确实inanycase无论如何 incash用现金(becredit用信用卡;bycheck/cheque用支票)inmostcases在大都数情况下innocase绝不inthecaseofmymother以我母亲为例inthecenterof在…中心inthelatertwentiethcentury在二十世纪下半叶inthis/thatcase在那种情况下lookinthecatalog查查目录meetwithnewchallenges遇到新的挑战payincash现金pickupsth.asacareer/profession选择…作为职业raisecattle养牛take/get/catchholdof抓住thecauseof=thereasonfor…的原因thecauseofworldpeace世界和平事业theopeningceremony开幕式(theclosingceremony闭幕式)unloadthecargo卸货unitfifteen(champion・chill)ablankcheque空白支票achildishface一张稚气的脸achillwind一阵凉风 amanofcharacter一个有个性的人astrongcharacter个性很强aweatherchart天气表atthechemises在药房beinchargeofsth主管beinthechargeofsb=beinone"scharge=takechargeof负责・・・chancesarethat...=itislikelythat有可能changeaforb=exchangeaforb把a换成bchangeone"smind改变主意chargesbmoneyfordoingsth因做…而向…索价(paysbmoneyfor)chargesbwithsth指控chatovertea边喝茶边聊天chatwithsb.aboutsth闲谈；聊天cheatintheexam考试作弊cheatoneself自欺欺人checkin登记；检票checkout结帐离开checkup核对cheeronsb为…欢呼cheerup振作 chewaproblemover仔细考虑问题createmanycharacters创造很多人物freeofcharge免费inacheerfulvoice兴高采烈地inone"schildhood在童年时代paybycheque用支票付款takethechanceofdoing利用去做什么的机会thecharmingfolksongs迷人的民歌thechiefdoctor首席医生theleadingcharacter主角themanincharge负责的人winthechampionship赢得冠军unitsixteen(chimney・cliff)abankclerk一个银行职员abarofchocolate一条巧克力abusinesscircle商业圈alarge/widechoiceof选择atChristmas在圣诞节 choosefrom从中挑选choosesb.as把某人选为circlethecorrectanswer圈出正确答案civilduties公民义务civilrights公民权力civilwar内战claimareward索取回报claimsth认领…claimtodo=claimthat宣称classicalmusic古典音乐classifybooks把书分类clearaway把…清除掉clearone"sthroat清嗓子clearuptheproblem解决问题clearup天放晴；澄清firstclassticket头等舱票子folkmusic民间音乐gotochurch去做礼拜havethefirstchoice优先选择权in/undernocircumstances=onnoaccount=innocase决不itisdearthat…很显然makeitdearthat…把…说明白onChristmasday在圣诞日porkchops猪排seniorcitizens老年人 unitseventeen(climate-comedy)aBritishcolony英国的殖民地acolonyof一群acomfortableclimate宜人的气候agreatstand-upcomedian一个出色的脱口秀谐星asuitofclothes一套衣服 atablecloth一块桌布averyexperiencedcoach一个很有经验的教练aroundtheclock=dayandnight整天整夜becloseto=benextto在…附近closedown关闭closefriend亲密的朋友cloudyideas模糊的想法coachsb,训练某人，辅导某人coffeecup咖啡杯cold-blooded冷血的(warm-hearted热心肠的)collectmoney=raisemoney募集collectone"schildfromschool接孩子combineawithb结合comeacross=runinto=meetwith偶遇comeby=passby路过cometoaconclusion得出结论cometoanagreement达成协意cometo苏(=cometooneself,comebacktolife);合计达(=addupto)comeup走近；被提出；出现；发芽comedyandtragedy喜剧和悲剧 everycoinhastwosidese事物都有两面性。fairtocloudy晴到多云gotocollege上大学havealargecollectionof有…收藏howcome?怎么会这样？（后跟陈述句）intheyearstocome接下几年中 makeaclosestudyof仔细研究peopleofallcolours各种肤色人take/haveacloselookat仔细看theareacode邮编thecluetosth.・・・的线索threadtheclues把线索串起来threeprimarycolours三原色watercolours水彩颜料whatacoincidence!多巧啊！uniteighteen(comfort-compute)acommercialcourse商科acommercialradio商业电视台acompetitivesociety一个竞争的社会acompleteanswer一个完整答案acompletesetoftheworksofluxun鲁迅全集acomplicatedmachine结构复杂的机器acompoundword一个复合词asenseofcompetition一种竞赛意识atone"scommand听从…吩咐becommittedtodosth.全力以赴做某事becomposedof=bemadeupof=consistof由.••组成chemicalcompounds化合物comfortsb使…舒适；安慰…commandmyrespect博得尊敬commandmysympathy博得同情commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事(二ordersbtodosth.)commenton评论(=makecommentson)commitanunforgiveableerror犯不可原谅的错误 commitmurder犯凶杀commonsense常识communicatesthtosb＞把…传递给…；向…表达…communicatewithsb.通讯；交流comparativelyspeaking比较地说来compareatob把…比做…compareawithb拿…与…比较competewith与…比赛；与…竞争complaintosbof/aboutsth抱怨complimentsb.onsth.赞美；恭维composemusic作曲europeancommunity欧洲共同体extendmycomplimentstoyourparents转达对你父母的问候getageneralideaof对…有大致了解haveagoodcommandof掌握(=haveagoodunderstanding/knowledgeof)havesomethingincommon有共同之处leadacomfortablelife过着舒适生活lettersofcoplaint投诉信(lettersofthanks感谢信)liveincomfort过得很舒适makecommentson...评论makecomplaintstosbabout...抱怨thecommunistpartyofchina中国***党unitnineteen(computer-container)apressconference记着招待会asfarasiamconcerned=asforme至于我beconcernedabout为…担心beconcernedfor关心 beconscious/awareof意识至(beconscious/awarethat…)beconsideredtohavedone被认为做过了…beingood/bad/poorcondition情况差beunderconstruction在建造中bycontact通过接触comfirmmybelief坚定我的信念concealsth.fromsb.向…隐瞒…concealthetruth隐瞒真相concentrateon=focusone"sattentionon=concentrateoneselfon集中注意力concernsb>与某人有关concerning关于(prep>)=about=withregardtoconcludeone，sspeech结束演讲confessdoing坦白(confesstosbthat…)conflictwithsb.与…发生冲突(=makcaconflictwithsb・)confuseawithb搞混(confuseblackwithwhite混淆黑白)congratulatesb.onsth.祝贺connect...with...连接；接通；交通工具上的相衔接conquernature征月良自然conquerthefearofheight克服恐高症 conquertheheartsofhisaudience赢得了观众的心consider•••as/tobe.••把…看作(regard...as…)considerdoingsth.考虑做某事consistin位于；在于consistof=bemadeupof=becomposedof由•••组成consultadictionary/map查阅词典/地图consultone"slawyer请教律师consultwithsb.与…商量consumealotoffuel很费汽油containtruth包含整理dravv/reach/form/gain/arriveat/cometoconclusion得出结论haveconfidenceindoingsth.(ofsth.)对…有信心havenoconceptofwrongandright=can"ttellrightfromwrong没是非观念inconclusion总之ifsconsiderateofyoutodosth.你真是考虑周到…losecontactwith与…失去联系 makecontactwithsb.=contactsb.=keep/getintouchwithsb.与…联系onconditionthat=if=provided(that)假如thearmedconflict武装冲突theconstructionsite建筑工地theinnerconflict内心矛盾theworkingconditions工作环境unittwenty(contemporary-countryside)acopyofnewspaper一份报纸aletterinthreecopies一式三份信astrikingcontrast一个鲜明对比aroundthecorner将近；临近(=athand=near) atalowcost以低的成本atallcosts不惜一切代价atone"sconvenience在…方便时beincontrol=beundercontrol在…控制下beincontrolof掌管beoutofcontrol=beyondcontrol无法控制bycontrast对比之下contempoareysingers当代歌手continuetodo/doing继续做contributetosth<促成，有助于(=leadto,cause)contributionofmoney捐赠convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信…(convincesb-that•••)cooperatewithsb.indoingsth.合作；协作correctonelpronunciation纟H正发音costsb.dearly使某人付出大的代价costsb.one"slife.使某人付出生命代价counton=dependon=relyon信赖，依靠drivesb.intoacorner=cornersb.使…处于困境 have/startaconversationwithsb.与.••交谈havecontrolover/of管的住havenocontrolover/of管不住incontractwith相对比inthecornerof在(里面)角落(at/onthecornerof在拐角;aroundthecorner在拐角itcostsb・time/moneytodo…花费…时间/钱做某事itisconvenientforsbtodo…对某人而言做某事是方便的kitchencounter厨房柜子lackscontent缺乏内涵makeacontractwithsb.与某人订立契约makecontributionstosth.对…做贡献makeconversation没话找话onthecontrary正相反sthecostsb.money…花了某人…钱thecontinent欧洲大陆undercontract按合同whatreallycountsisthat..・要紧的是；重要的是countmeout不要把我算在内(countmein把我算在内) unittwenty-one(county-cultivate)acarcrash汽车是故acoupleofdays几天acrowdof一群人ahappycouple一对幸福的夫妇apoliticalcrisis政治危机apoorcreature可怜的人atenniscourt网球场awantedcriminal一个通缉犯atacrossroads在十字路口becoveredwith被…覆盖住becrazyabout/onsth.对…着迷becrazytodosth.热衷做某事becrowedwith挤满 becruelto对…很残忍bringsth.toacrisis使…到危机时刻bycreditcard用信用卡collegecourse大学课程commitacrime犯罪courtoflaw法院cove30squaremiles占地30平方英里cover30miles走了30英里crashinto撞上crawltowards朝…爬去createabadimpression产生很坏的影响createmanycharacters创造许多人物createtheworld创造世界criticizesb.批评crossout打叉；删除crosstalk相声cryout大声叫唤cultivatealoveofart培养对艺术的爱（=develop，raise）cultivateone"smind陶冶情操don"tcrushthisbox.别压坏这个盒子。fromcovertocover一页页，从头到尾 havethecouragetodosth.有勇气去干…间（=during）ice-cream冰淇淋（facecream粉）in/duringthecourseoflearncrafts学手艺losecourage失去勇oncredit赊账screwuponUscounage=summonupone，scourage鼓起勇气thecrewoftheship船上的水手theredcross红十字会thestaffoftheschool学校工作人员underthecoverof在…掩护下unittwenty-two(cultural-deaf)100-metredash短跑apowercut/failure停电ashortcut捷径atdaylight=atdawn=atbreak在黎明becuriousabout对…好奇bedeafto听不到；对…充耳不闻causedamage造成毁坏curesb.of治好某人疾病(表结果) curesb.ofhisbadhabit=breaksb.ofabadhabit使某人改掉坏习惯curethesediseases治好疾病currentcnglish当代英语cutdownthetree砍倒cutin插嘴cutoffthebranches砍掉枝条cutoffthesupplyofwater切断水供应cutoff砍掉；中断；隔绝cutthecostofeducation减少教育资费cuttheplannedtimebytwohours去掉两小时cutthestudenfsburden减少学生负担cutup切碎dampweather潮湿的天气datebackto=gobackto追溯到datetheletter标日期dayafterday日复一日deadsilence一片寂静dodamageto对…造成损坏(damagesth.)doharmto=beharmfulto=beinjuredin对…有害 drawthecurtain拉下窗帘fromdawntodark从早到晚hurtone^sfeeling伤害某人感情indanger处于危险中(outofdanger摆脱危险)inthedark在黑暗中；被蒙在鼓里（keepsb・inthedark不让某人知道）oftheday当天；当代outofdate过期了thecurrentevents时事thecurrentnumberofthismagazine杂志最近一期thecurrentyear=thisyear今年thecutsonhishand手上的伤口theotherday不久前某天tothisday到今天为止