陕西省西安中学英语语法讲解：倒装语序讲义 14页

由于甲流近日呈现爆发之势，西安中学全体高二学生在家中隔离学习。为保证网络教学，特将10.27的英语倒装句讲义全文发布，欢迎学习交流，欢迎相互转告，欢迎提问探讨。（1/3）倒装句Inversion倒装的定义：在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时由于语法结构的需要，或者为了强调，谓语的全部或一部分要提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做倒装语序。倒装的种类:完全/全部倒装(FullInversion)：把全部谓语放在主语之前.部分倒装（PartialInversion）：是把助动词.情态动词或be动词放在主语之前.完全倒装：将谓语动词完全移到主语前面1.在therebe结构中(be可以换成某些动词live,stand,lie,come,exist，seem，appear等)Therestandalotoftalltreesinourschool.Longlongago,therelivedaking.Thereliesariveroverthere.2.直接引语的一部分或全部放句首时,有时也倒装.“Shelooksquietenough,doesn’tshe?”saidJack. “Great!”shoutedthelisteners,“singusanothersong.”但如果句子的主语是代词，或谓语含有助动词、情态动词时，则不能倒装。“Idon"tknowher.”He/Jackwillsay．3.在以here,there,now(它们都用现在时),then;out,in,up,down,off，back，away（表方向性）等副词开头的句子中,谓语动词为be,come,go,run,walk,rush,fall,follow,begin,end（多为行为动词，而且是不及物动词）等时，主语又是名词,主谓要用完全倒装.Theregoesthebell.Awaywalkedthestranger.Herecomesthebus.Outrantwolittleboys.Thenfollowedascream.Downjumpedtheboyfromthewall．但当主语是人称代词时，主谓不能倒装。Hereshecomes.4.当句首为表示地点的介词短语时，如果句子的主语为名词，那么句子的主语和谓语完全倒装。Outsidetheclassroomstoodanoldman.OnthewallhangsalargemapofChina.Eastofthetownliesabeautifullake. Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.但:Inthearmchairshesat.5.有时当句子没有宾语而主语又比较长,或者为了使上下文紧密衔接,常把表语放在句首,主谓完全倒装.1).Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungmenplayingcards.2).Gonearethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownon.3).Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedaboutseventeen.4).AmongthespeakerswasChina’sthenPremierZhuRongji.5).PresentatthemeetingweretwoAmericans.部分倒装及不倒置主谓语序的倒装结构请见下篇日志。感谢大家的全文阅读，如有问题可跟帖留言，如有错误请及时指出。感谢李宏杰老师的辛苦整理，向每位在甲流期间依然讲课的老师说一声，您辛苦了！byhjlpublishedby昱（2/3） 部分倒装：6.在疑问句中DoyouspeakEnglish？7.Only+状语（副词,介词短语或状语从句）放在句首时,主句用部分倒装.Onlyyesterdaydidhefindoutthathiswatchwasmissing.Onlybyworkinghardcanyousucceed.OnlywhenhetoldmeaboutthenewsdidIknowthetruth.8.在以often,always,once,manyatime,nowandthen,everyotherday,everytwohours等频率副词作状语位于句首时,用部分倒装.Alwaysdoessheaskmeformoney.Manyatimehashegivenmegoodadvice.9.当never,neverbefore,not,no,little,seldom,nowhere,hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,notonly…butalso,notuntil,bynomeans(决不),innocase,innoway,nolonger等表示否定或半否定意义的副词、介词短语、连词等放在句首时,用部分倒装.Littledidhecareabouthisownsafety.Nosoonerhadhegottoschoolthanhesetouttocopyothers’homework.HardlyhadIgothome,whenitbegantorain.SeldomdoIgotothecinema.Notasingleworddidhespeakatthemeeting. Notuntilaweeklaterdidhereceivetheletter.Notuntilhismothercamebackfromworkdidhefallasleep.Innowaycantheorybeseparatedfrompractice.Notonlywasthecitypollutedbutthestreetswerecrowded.10.以so,neither,nor开头的句子或分句中,表示某人.某事或某种情况与前面提到的相同,此结构的主谓部分倒装.YouspeakEnglishwell,sodoeshe.Ihaveneverheardofsuchathing,neitherhasshe.Tomdidn’tfinishhishomework.NordidJane.注意:1).表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定,其主语与上文主语相同时,这种结构的主谓不倒装.---Yourfathersmokedalot.---Sohedid.2).若前一分句中包含不同种类的动词,而后一分句所说情况也符合前文所说情况(肯定或否定均可),常用句型:Itis/wasthesamewith…或Soitis/waswith…JackisastudentandstudiesinChina.SoitiswithGreen.11.在so+adj./adv.+that结构中,若So+adj./adv.放在句首,主句用部分倒装.(such…that…结构一样)SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.Suchawell-knownmanishethateveryonewantstotakeaphotowithhim. Socarelesslydidhewritethathemademanyspellingmistakesinhiscomposition.注：such(pron.)和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序Suchwastheresult.Suchwasthestoryhetold.Suchwerehiswords.12.If引导的虚拟条件句,可省略if,把should,had或were放在主语前.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldgrowbetter.WereIyourfather,Iwouldnotgiveyouthemoney.Haditnotbeenforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunk.13.用于表示祝愿的句型里.Longliveourfriendship.Mayyoubehappy.不倒置主谓语序的倒装结构：14.在由as/though“尽管”引导的让步状语从句中,通常将名词（不带冠词）、形容词、副词(表语或副词状语)或动词提前，但从句的主谓语序不倒装.Thoughheisachild,hehastomakealiving.Childasheis，hehastomakealiving．Childthoughheis,hehastomakealiving. Youngas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.MuchasIwouldliketohelpyou，Iambusynow．Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.Triedashe,hewouldnotsucceedwithoutmyhelp.Objectasyoumay，I"llgo．纵使你反对，我也要去。15.however/nomatterhow等引导的让步状语从句中,常将从句中的形容词.副词提到句首,紧跟在however之后,但从句的主谓语序不倒装.Howeverdifficultcomputerscienceis,Iwilltrymybesttomasterit.强化练习及答案请见下篇日志。感谢大家的全文阅读，如有问题可跟帖留言，如有错误请及时指出。感谢李宏杰老师的辛苦整理，向每位在甲流期间依然讲课的老师说一声，您辛苦了！byhjlpublishedby昱（3/3） 强化练习：1_____theplane.ADownflyingBDownwasflyingCDownflewDFlewdown2Underabigtree____,halfasleep.AdidsatafatmanBafatmansatCdidafatmansatDsatafatman3.Sheplaysthepianoverywell._________.ASoeveryoneofusdoesBEveryoneofusdoesCSodoeseveryoneofusDSodoeveryoneofus4.Never_____suchawonderfulplaceasHangzhou.AarehangingBhadIseenCIhaveseenDhaveIseen5.Notonly____apromise,butalsohekept it.AhashemadeBdoeshemakeChemadeDdidhemake6.Notuntilhegotoffthebus_____thathehadgothiswalletstolen.AhefoundBdidhefindChehadfoundDhadhefound7.Onlyinthisway_____progressinyourEnglish.AyoumakeBcanyoumakeCyoubeabletomakeDwillyouabletomake8._____andcaughtthemouse.AUpthecatjumpedBThecatupjumpedCUpjumpedthecatDJumpedupthecat9.------Whereisyourfather?-------Oh,_______.AherehecomesBheherecomes CheredoeshecomeDherecomeshe10.____inwhichtheyhadcametotheisland.ANearbyweretwocanoesBNearbytwocanoeswereCWeretwocanoesnearbyDTwocanoesnearbywere11.Thedooropenedandthere____.AentersanoldmanBenteredanoldmanCdidanoldmanenterDanoldmanentered12.Little___whenItookthetripand___didmybrother.AhaveIknown;soBhadIknow;neitherCdoIknow;soDdidIknow;neither13.Wasitnot___youarrivedathishouse__youdiscoveredthathewasonholiday?Awhen;thatBuntil;didCuntil;thatDwhen;did 14.Solittle___aboutmathematicsthatthelecturewascompletelybeyondme.AIknowBdidIknowCdoIknowDIknow15.Manyatime__toseemewhile__inhospital.Adidhecome;wasIBdidhecome;IwasChecame;wasIDhewas;Iwas16Nowandthen___uptoseewhathappened.AdidhewakeBhewakeChewakesDhedidwake17.Sheisnotfondofcooking,____I.AsoamBnoramCneitherdoIDnordo18.Earlyinthemorning__thenews____theChineseTeamdefeatedtheJapaneseTeam.Acomes;whatB.came;thatCcomes;thatDcame;what19.Atthefootofthemountain_____.Alieabeautifullake BdoesabeautifullakelieCliesabeautifullakeDdoabeautifullakelie20.Atnotime___hispersonalinterestfirst.AshouldacommunistplaceB.acommunistshouldplaceCacommunistplaceDdoesacommunistplace21.Onthewall______twolargeportraits.AarehangingBhangedChangDhangs22.Notonce______theirplan.AdidtheychangeBtheychangedCchangedtheyDtheydidchanged23.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinmylife____sohappy!(NMET2000春季)A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt 24.Little___abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.(上海1994)A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared25.Notonly______pollutedbut______crowded.(上海1991)A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;werethestreetsC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswere26.______forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.(上海1995)A．IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot27.So______thatnofishcanliveinit.(上海1992)A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow28.Notasinglesong____atyesterday’sparty.(上海2000)A.shesangB.sangshe C.didshesingD.shedidsing练习答案：1-5CDCDD6-10BBCAA11-15BDCBB16-20ABBCA21-25CADBC26-28CCC感谢大家的全文阅读，如有问题可跟帖留言，如有错误请及时指出。感谢李宏杰老师的辛苦整理，向每位在甲流期间依然讲课的老师说一声，您辛苦了！byhjlpublishedby昱