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s河高高三英语语法专题讲练——倒装句的用法编制人:靳丽丹审核人:安艳序号:7班级:姓名:小组:"倒装句"是为了语法结构的需要或为了强调而把谓语的一部分或全部提到主语的前面。倒装句有两种:部分倒装和全部倒装。一、部分倒装 一般把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列情况:1.only所修饰的副词,介词短语或状语从句,且only放在句首时,用部分倒装。注意:only修饰主语时,不需要倒装。如:Onlyyoucandoit.OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.直到那时我才意识到自己错了。OnlywhenIseeitwithmyowneyesdoIbelieveit.只有当我亲眼看见我才相信。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有这样我们才能学好英语。2.含有否定意义的副词或词组放在句首时用部分倒装。常见的否定词有:never、not、little、rarely(很少)、seldom(很少)、hardly(几乎不)、scarcely(几乎不)、nowhere等常见的否定词组有:notuntil(直到…才)、notoften(不经常)、notonly(…butalso)((不但...而且)、hardly/scarcely(…when)(一…就)、nosooner(…than)(一…就)、innoway/case(决不),bynomeans(决不),onnoaccount/condition(决不)等。LittledidIknowthatshehadalreadyleft.我一点也不知道她离开了。Notoftendotheymeet.他们不常见面。Notonlyisherichbutalsoheisverykind.他不仅很富有而且很友善。NeverhaveIseensuchakindman.我从没见过这么好心的人。Onnoaccountmustthisemployeeberemoved.这个雇员绝不能被解雇。NotuntilhetoldmehadIheardanythingofit.直到他告诉我,我才听说这件事。★Not放在句首修饰句子的主语的一部,构成主语分,则不需要倒装。Notawordwassaid.一句话也没说。NotaworddidIsayatthemeeting.(not修饰谓语动词)→Ididn’tsayawordatthemeeting.3.把副词so放在句首,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物,或者把neither,nor放在句首,表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物,主语和谓语要部分倒装。IlikereadingEnglish,sodoeshe.Tomcanrideabicycle,socanI.Shecan"tsing,neithercanhe.但是如果表示对前面句子的肯定则不用倒装。Heisagoodstudent,sohedid.他是个好学生,他的确是.4.在so…that,such…that句型中,若把so,such引导的结构放在句首时。Sofastdidhewalkthatnoneofuscouldcatchupwithhim.他走得如此快,以至于我们没人能赶上他。SodifficultdidIfeelittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIwasdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.我觉得在说英语的国家生活真难以至于我决定要学好英语。5.省略了if的虚拟条件句中,把were,had或should放在句首时。 WereIyou,Iwouldnotdosuchathing.如果我是你,我不会做这样的事。s
s Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting.如果明天下雨,我们将把会议推迟。Hadyouworkedharder,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.要是你努力学习,你就通过考试了。二、全部倒装 就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意:谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于下列几种情况:1.在therebe结构中,全部倒装。Therearesomeflowersonthetable.Thereisabookonthedesk.除了最常见的therebe句型以外,there还可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seemtobe,stand等,一般都译成"有"的含义,构成完全倒装句。2.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,有时也用倒装。“Isitreadyyet?”askedHuXin.“Tryagain.Watson!”saidHolmes.3.由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here,there,方位副词out,in,up,down及时间副词now,then等开头的句子里,以示强调,后面的动词是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand等.注意:主语是人称代词时,主谓不倒装。Herehecomes.Hereyouare.请观察以下转换,转换后的句子为倒装句:1)Thebellgoesthere.èTheregoesthebell.铃响了。2)Thechairmancamethen.èThencamethechairman.然后主席来了。3)Thechildrenrushedout.èOutrushedthechildren.孩子们冲了出去。4.强调表语或主语较长,把表语置于句首时,“主系表”全部倒装为“表系主”即“表语+系动词+主语”。Presentatthemeetingwastheheadmaster.校长出席了会议。Hiddenbehindthedoorweresomenaughtychildren.一些淘气的孩子藏在门后。Infrontoftheplaygroundisanewly-builthouse.一栋新建的房子位于操场前面。Onthefloorwerepilesofbooks,magazinesandnewspaper.地板上是一堆堆的书,杂志和报纸。(主语较长)三、其它类型的倒装:主语和谓语不倒装1.用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as/though引导的让步状语从句中。注意:当表语为名词时,则名词前不加任何冠词。Smallasthepenis,itisapowerfulweapon.尽管钢笔很小,它却是一个强大的武器。 MuchasIhavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho"sascapableasJohn.尽管我旅游了很多地方,我却从没有见过一个像约翰一样那么有能力的人。2.由however/nomatterhow和whatever/nomatterwhat引导的让步状语从句中,把however/nomatterhow+adj./adv.或whatever/nomatterwhat+n.放在句首时用倒装。Howeverbusyyouare,youshouldspendsometimereadingbooks.s
s Howeverlateheis,hismotherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.3.比较级句型“themore+比较级…,the+比较级…”,即“越…越…” Themoredifficulttheproblemis,themoreinterestedhebecomes.题越难,他越感兴趣。4.感叹句中的倒装Howhappythechildrenare!Whatapity(itis)!特殊:May置于句首的感叹句,表示“但愿…!”“愿…!”Mayyouhavealonghappylife!祝你健康长寿,生活幸福!Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!多项选择:1.【2013湖南】Notonce________toMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.A.occurreditB.itdidoccurC.itoccurredD.diditoccur2.【2013江苏】“Neverforasecond,”theboysays,“_____thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubtC.IhavedoubtedD.didIdoubt3.【2012江西】Neverbefore_____seenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.A.hadsheB.shehadC.hassheD.shehas4.【09陕西】Little________aboutherownsafety,thoughshewasingreatdangerherself.A.didRosecareB.RosedidcareC.RosedoescareD.doesRosecare5.【2012重庆】Theheadmasterwillnotpermitthechangeinthecourse,nor______itathought.A.doesheevengiveB.heevengivesC.willheevengiveD.hewillevengive6.【2013福建】Notuntilhewentthroughrealhardship_____thelovewehaveforourfamiliesisimportant.A.hadherealizedB.didherealizeC.herealizedD.hehadrealized7.【2012辽宁】Notuntilheretiredfromteachingthreeyearsago____havingaholidayabroad.A.hehadconsideredB.hadheconsideredC.heconsideredD.didheconsider8.【09海南】Thecomputerwasusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonly_________,butstudentsbecamemoreinterestedinthelessons.A.savedwasteachers’energyB.wasteachers’energysavedC.teachers’energywassavedD.wassavedteachers’energy9.【2013广西】Onlybyincreasingthenumberofdoctorsby50percent________properlyinthishospital.A.canbethepatientstreatedB.canthepatientsbetreatedC.thepatientscanbetreatedD.treatedcanbethepatients10.【2012天津】OnlyafterMaryreadhercompositionthesecondtime____thespellingmistakes.s
sA.didshenoticeB.shenoticedC.doesshenoticeD.shehasnoticed11.【08江西】Itwasannouncedthatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrol___toreturntotheirhomes.A.theresidentswouldbepermittedB.hadtheresidentsbeenpermittedC.wouldtheresidentsbepermittedD.theresidentshadbeenpermitted12.【09山东】Sosudden________thattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.A.didtheattackB.theattackdidC.wastheattackD.theattackwas13.【10陕西】Johnopenedthedoor.There_____hehadneverseenbefore.A.agirldidstandB.agirlstoodC.didagirlstandD.stoodagirl14.【09福建】Foramomentnothinghappened.Then_____allshoutingtogether.A.voiceshadcomeB.camevoicesC.voiceswouldcomeD.didvoicescome15.【06四川】Atthefootofthemountain__________.A.avillagelieB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillage完成句子1.【2013湖北】Sofast______thatwecanhardlyimagineitsspeed.(travel)光传播的速度快到我们难以想象。2.【2012湖北】Little________whatshelookslike;allshecaresaboutisherjobperformance.(care)她不在乎外表,她在乎的是自己的工作表现。3.【2011湖北】Notuntiltwodaysaftertheearthquake__________________hermotheralive.(find)直到地震后过了两天她才发现妈妈活着。4.【2010湖北】Onlyifpeopleofallthecountriesareunited____________________theexistingproblemsintheworld.(solve)只有所有国家的人们都团结起来,我们才能解决世界上现存的问题。5.【2008湖北】Seldom_______________videogameseversincetheyenteredcollege.(play)自从他们上了大学,他们很少玩电子游戏。6.【2007湖北】Notonly__________________thedisabledtofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforthosewhoneedit.(give)不仅要帮助这些残疾人找到工作,还要为那些有所需要的人提供心理治疗。7.【2012湖北】However___________________,Icouldnotreadhishandwriting.(try)不论我怎么努力,还是没法看清他写的字。8.Notasingleword________________forawholehour.(say)他整整一小时一句话也没说。9.Nosooner________________myhousethanitbegantorain.(leave)我刚刚离开家就下雨了。10.Difficult_________________,itwasfinishedintime.(as)工作虽然困难,还是及时完成了。s