2015届高考英语语法知识点复习学案15 10页

www.ks5u.com2015江苏溧水县高考英语一轮课外练习（1）及答案完型填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从以下题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。[夹叙夹议型完形填空]ForalongtimeIsawhappinessasahugebanner(旗帜)acrossthefinishlineofalongrace.IfeltthatonlywhenI__1__certainthingscouldIfinallybehappyinmylife.MostofthetimeIfeltlikeatortoisebelievingthatbeingslowand__2__wouldwintherace.AtothertimesIwould__3__likearabbittryingdifferentsideroadsatadangerousspeedhopingtoreachthatbanneralittlefaster.__4__，IbegantoseethatnomatterhowlongIracedtowardsit,thebannerwasneverany__5__.Ifinallydecidedonedaytositdownandtakeabreak.ItwasthenthatIsawmy__6__sittingbesideme.IthadbeenwithmeasI__7__hardtosupportmyfamily,asIplayedwithmychildrenandheardtheir__8__andevenwhenIwassickwithmywifeatmysidelookingafterme.IthadbeenwithmeasIracedtowardsthatstupidbanner.Ijustdidn"thavethe__9__toseeit.ThereisanoldChineseproverbthatsays,“Tensioniswhatyouthinkyoushouldbe.__10__iswhoyouare.”Perhapsweallshouldstopourracetowardsthe__11__lifewethinkweshouldhaveand__12__thelifewehavenow.Happinesswillneverbefoundundersomebannerfaraway.Itwillbefoundinyourownheart,soulandmind.Itwillbefoundwhenyou__13__thatothersloveyoujustasyoudo.Don"tbeatortoiseorarabbitwhenitcomestoyourhappiness.Beaplayfulpuppyandcarryyourstickof__14__withyoueverywhereyougo.__15__yourselfoutoftheraceandrealizethatwhenitcomestoloveandhappiness,youarealreadythere.1.A．forgotB．missedC．overcameD．accomplished2.A．safeB．steadyC．calmD．quiet3.A．actB．runC．jumpD．walk4.A．GenerallyB．GraduallyC．UnfortunatelyD．Firstly 5.A．clearerB．lowerC．closerD．smaller6.A．happinessB．goalC．successD．friendship7.A．studiedB．foughtC．exercisedD．worked8.A．laughterB．complaintsC．storiesD．breathing9.A．courageB．chanceC．wisdomD．strength10．A.StressB．RelaxationC．FailureD．Pain11.A．realB．perfectC．commonD．colourful12.A．enjoyB．changeC．improveD．create13.A．realizeB．believeC．hopeD．admit14.A．sorrowB．responsibilityC．fortuneD．joy15.A．CarryB．MakeC．PushD．TakeA【要点综述】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身的经历诠释了这样一个道理：我们经常认为只有取得了某些成就，过上理想中完美的生活才会幸福，其实幸福就存在于我们不经意间平凡而琐碎的生活中，它早就已经根植在你我身边。1．D　由finishlineofalongrace可知作者认为人取得阶段性的成功才能真正感觉到幸福，故选D。2．B　根据学生已知的龟兔赛跑的故事背景可知。作者希望像乌龟那样，靠沉稳赢得最终的比赛。所以应该选择slow的同义词，故选B。 3．A　根据下文提到“…likearabbittryingdifferentsideroads…”可知，作者在其他时候，表现得像兔子一样，总愿意抄近路到达终点，故选A。4．B　由下文“Ibegantoseethat…”可知，作者开始逐渐意识到……，故选B。5．C　根据下文“Ifinallydecidedonedayto…takeabreak.”可知，那个目标从来没有离作者更近一些，故选C。6．A　根据下文“Happinesswillneverbefoundundersomebannerfaraway.”可知，作者停下来休息时才发现，幸福就在身边，故选A。7．D　根据下文hardtosupportmyfamily可知，当作者努力工作养家的时候，幸福在他身边，故选D。8．A　根据上文“…Iplayedwithmychildren…”可知作者与孩子们一起玩，感到幸福，听到的一定是快乐的笑声，故选A。9．C　根据上文“…asIracedtowardsthatstupidbanner.”中的stupid可推知，幸福一直在作者身边，只是作者没有智慧去发现这一点，故选C。10．B　根据上文“Tensioniswhatyouthinkyoushouldbe.”可推知，此处应选与tension意思相对的relaxation,故选B。11．B　根据上下文的语意，可知作者以前总是追求自以为值得自己全力以赴去争取的某种完美的生活，所以此处应该是略带贬义的一种说法。故选B。12．A　根据上文可知，我们应该停止追寻自以为完美的生活，所以，我们应该享受现在我们所拥有的生活。故选A。13．A　根据上文作者得到启示：“当你意识到别人爱你，你也爱着别人时，幸福就来临了。”所以推出答案为A。14．D　根据上文“Beaplayfulpuppy…”可知，让我们做一只快乐的、爱玩耍的小狗，到处衔着你那根快乐的骨头，故选D。15．D　根据文中多处提到的race可知，我们应该把自己从那个竞赛中解脱出来，故选D。阅读理解。Everybodyishappyashispayrises.Yetpleasureatyourowncandisappearifyoulearnthat afellowworkerhasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifheisknownasbeinglazy,youmightevenbequitecross.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingbeliefthatotheranimalswouldnotbeabletohavethisfinelydevelopedsenseofsadness.ButastudybySarahBrosnanofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.   Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviorsofsomekindoffemalebrownmonkeys.Theylooksmart.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodhappily.Aboveall,likefemalehumanbeings,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.   SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectsubjectsforDoctorBrosnan’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokens(奖券)forfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforpiecesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparateandconnectedrooms,sothateachothercouldobservewhattheotherisgettinginreturnforitsrock,theybecamequitedifferent.Intheworldofmonkeys，grapesareexcellentgoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasnotwillingtohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithershookherowntokenattheresearcher,orrefusedtoacceptthecucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherroom(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtobringaboutdissatisfactioninafemalemonkey.Theresearchessuggestthatthesemonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialsenses.Inthewild,theyareco-operativeandgroup-living.Suchco-operationislikelytobefirmonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofangerwhenunfairlytreated,itseems,arenotthenatureofhumanbeingsalone.Refusingasmallerrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingscleartootheranimalsofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessdevelopedindependentlyinmonkeysandhumans,orwhetheritcomesfromthecommonrootsthattheyhad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsis true? A.Onlymonkeysandhumanscanhavethesenseoffairnessintheworld. B.Womenwillshowmoredissatisfactionthanmenwhenunfairlytreated.   C.Inthewild,monkeysareneverunhappytosharetheirfoodwitheachother.   D.Monkeyscanexchangecucumbersforgrapes,forgrapesaremoreattractive.答案解析：答案为B。本题为推断题，考生需通读全文进行推断。本文讲述了当受到不公平待遇的时候，每个人都会生气，包括动物。但是雌性的动物比雄性的动物更加在意不公平的待遇，研究中用猴子作为实验来证明这一点。文章中第二段“Aboveall,likefemalehumanbeings,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.”与第三段“SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectsubjectsforDoctorBrosnan’sstudy.”都有此表达，故答案为B“当受到不公平待遇的时候，女性比男性更加不满”。从最后一段“Refusingasmallerrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingscleartootheranimalsofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessdevelopedindependentlyinmonkeysandhumans,orwhetheritcomesfromthecommonrootsthattheyhad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.”中可知，independently(独立)对应A选项中的only，whether…or…anunansweredquestion（是否…或者…未知的问题）的表达方式与A选项的意思“只有猴子与人类才具有公平意识”不同，故A选项是错误的。从第三段“Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforpiecesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparateandconnectedrooms,sothateachothercouldobservewhattheotherisgettinginreturnforitsrock,theybecamequitedifferent.”可知，猴子乐意用石块交换黄瓜，但是当看到另外一只猴子因为石块得到的回报，态度就不一样了。因此C选项“猴子从不会不高兴彼此分享食物”与该句意思不符。从第四段首句“Intheworldofmonkeys，grapesareexcellentgoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).”中注意“excellent(极好的)”与“preferable(更好的)”两词，与D选项“forgrapesaremoreattractive（更具有吸引力的）”意思不一致。综上分析，A,C,D都不符合文章意思。2.Theunderlinedstatement“itisalltoomonkey”meansthat________.   A.monkeysarealsoangrywithlazy fellows   B.feelingbitteratunfairnessisalsomonkey’snature   C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobeenviousofeachother   D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchfeelings答案解析：答案为B。本题为句意推断题。结合文章第一段中“alltoohuman”前面的内容是说当得知别人懒惰却加薪更多的时候，人人都会生气，这是人的本能。接下来提到的“itisalltoomonkey”也是表达“猴子受到不公平待遇的时候感到痛苦也是猴子的本能。”的意思。故答案为B。A选项“猴子对懒惰的同伴也会生气”,C选项“猴子像人类一样会彼此嫉妒”,D选项“除了猴子没有其他的动物会有那种感觉”都与文章意思不符。3.Femalemonkeysofthiskindarechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare___.   A.morelikelytoweighwhattheyget   B.attentivetoresearchers’instructions   C.niceinbothappearanceandbehaviors    D.morereadytohelpothersthantheirmalecompanions答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。从文章中第二段“Aboveall,likefemalehumanbeings,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.”与第三段“SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectsubjectsforDoctorBrosnan’sstudy.”可知，雌性的猴子作为实验是因为她们比雄性的猴子更加关注“物品与服务”的价值。A选项“她们更有可能掂量（weigh）她们得到的”,与上述分析意思一致，故答案为A。B和D在文章中都未提到；C并不是根本的原因。[:]4.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?   A.Humanbeings"feelingsofangeraredevelopedfromthemonkeys.   B.Intheresearch,malemonkeysarelesslikelytoexchangefoodwithothers.   C.Co-operationbetweenmonkeysstaysfirmbeforetherealizationofbeingcheated.   D.Onlymonkeysandhumanshavethesenseoffairnesswhichdatesbackto35millionyearsago.答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节理解题。从文章最后一段“Suchco-operationislikelytobefirmonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.”可知，只有当每个动物感觉没有被欺骗的时候合作的态度才是坚定的”,C选项的意思“ 意识到被欺骗之前猴子之间的合作非常坚定”与上述分析一致。解答此题注意同义句的转换表达。A,B,D与文章意思不符合。5.WhatcanweinferaboutthemonkeysinSarah’sstudy? A.Themonkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialsenses.  B.Theyusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.C.Themonkeysmayshowtheirsatisfactionwithequaltreatment.  D.Co-operationamongthemonkeysremainseffectiveinthewild.答案解析：答案为C。本题为推断题。文章中说，猴子受到不公平待遇的时候会生气，这句话的意思就是C选项的表达“猴子受到公平待遇的时候会满意”，故答案为C。解答此题仍然要注意推理题设置的技巧：用不同的表达方式来表达同样的意思。从文章最后一段“Theresearchessuggestthatthesemonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialsenses.Inthewild,theyareco-operativeandgroup-living.”可知，猴子自身就有社会意识，而不是通过训练获得，故A错误。B，D在文章中未提及。阅读理解【2014·泰安高三二轮复习质量检测】HowieChoset，aroboticist，hasbeenresearchingandbuildingrobots，particularlysnakerobots，atPittsburgh’sCarnegieMellonUniversityforyears.Chosetbelievesthathissnakerobotandotherslikeithelpreducemedicalcostsbymakingcomplexsurgeries(外科手术)fasterandeasier.Chosetsayshisnewdesignissmallerandmoreflexiblethanearliermodels.Thesizeofsurgicalrobotsallowssurgeonstooperatewithfarlessdamagetothebody，helpingthepatienthealfaster.Forexample，insteadofopeningtheentirechestupduringheartsurgery，asmallholeismade，andathinroboticsnakecrawlsinsidetotheproperspot.DrAshutoshTewariofCornellUniversityMedicalCenterhasusedrobotictoolstoperformthousandsofoperations.Tewarisaidhe’smostexcitedaboutthepotentialforsurgicalrobotstodothingshumanscan’tdo.Hesaidthevarietyofsensorsavailableforsurgicalrobotskeepsexpanding，evenastheygetsmaller.Hesaidtheymayonedaybeabletotestchemicalsorbloodinthebody，oreventheelectricalconnectionsinnerves.Chosethasalsobuiltlargersnakerobotsdesignedforsearchandrescue，orjustexploration.Theycanclimbpolesortreesandthenlookaroundthroughacamerainthehead，and slidthroughplaceshumanscan’treach.AnotherexpertatCarnegieMellonstressesthatthere’sstillanenormousgapbetweenhumansandeventhemosthightechrobots.ManuelaVelosanotedthatrobotshavebeenbuiltthataregoodatoneortwotasks—butnotatthevarietyoftaskshumansperformwithouteventhinking.Velosahasbeenbuildingrobotsthataskhumansforhelpwhentheydon’tknowwhattodo，aswellasteamsofrobotsthatplaysocceragainsteachother.Sometimes，therobotssurpriseherbyhavingoncedefeatedtheotherteam.“Itwasprogrammedbyme，butitlookedtomeasiftheylearned，”shesaid.“Ibelievewearemuchclosertohavingrobotsbeabletoexistwithhumanspeacefully.Thebeautifulthingisyouseetherobotslearning.”1．HowdoesChosethelpsavemedicalcosts?A．Bychangingthesizeofrobotsfrequently.B．Bydesigninglargersnakerobots.C．Bymakingcomplexsurgeriesfasterandeasier.D．Byimprovingthemodelsofearliersnakerobots.2．Themainadvantageofusingthethinsurgicalrobotis________.A．reducingthedamagetothebodyB．provingthetechnologyusefultothemC．helpingthedoctorsmakemuchmoneyD．worseningthepatient’ssickness3．AccordingtoManuelaVelosa，________.A．robotswillreplacehumansinthefutureB．robotscandomuchbetterthanhumansatsometasksC．norobotscanbemadetoturntohumansforhelpD．robotsareabletolearnbythemselves4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Thesnakerobotisthoughttohavenopotential.B．Largersnakerobotsarenotpractical.C．Doctorswillrefusetousethesnakerobot.D．Thefuturerobotwillbesmarterandmorepopular.5．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Threefamousroboticists.B．Researchingandbuildingrobots.C．Howtomakesnakerobots. D．Differentideasonrobots.语篇解读　本文是一篇科研报告。文章主要介绍了用于外科手术中的蛇形机器人。1．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Chosetbelievesthathissnakerobotandotherslikeithelpreducemedicalcostsbymakingcomplexsurgeries(外科手术)fasterandeasier.”可知，答案C符合文意。答案：　C2．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“Thesizeofsurgicalrobotsallowssurgeonstooperatewithfarlessdamagetothebody，helpingthepatienthealfaster.”可知，答案A符合文意。答案：　A3．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“Sometimes，therobotssurpriseherbyhavingoncedefeatedtheotherteam.”可知，答案B符合文意。答案：　B4．解析：　推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句“Hesaidtheymayonedaybeabletotestchemicalsorbloodinthebody，oreventheelectricalconnectionsinnerves.”和对文章最后一段的整体理解可推知，答案D“未来的机器人将会越来越智能，越来越受人欢迎”符合文意。答案：　D5．解析：　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的是对机器人的研究和建造，故答案B符合文意。答案：　B.短文改错。假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Iusedtolovescienceclass—allofthem—biology，chemistry，geographyorphysics.IthinkIlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedmeunderstandwhattheworldworks.Forexample，whenIwasachild，therainwasamystery.Inoneclass，Ilearnwhyitrained.Ithinkscienceclassesclearmysteries.Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysterieslookinto.Whatwasmyleast favoriteclass?Thatwasmath.Afterlearnthebasicsofthesubject，nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.IneversawhowIcoulduseitinmydailylife.答案：Iusedtolovescience—allofthem—biology，chemistry，geographyphysics.IthinkIlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthathelpedmeunderstandtheworldworks.Forexample，whenIwasachild，therainwasamystery.Inoneclass，Iwhyitrained.Ithinkscienceclassesclearmysteries.Butthentherealwaysmoremysterieslookinto.Whatwasmyleastfavoriteclass?Thatwasmath.Afterthebasicsofthesubject，nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.IneversawhowIcoulduseitinmydailylife.