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  • 2022-06-17 15:51:14 发布

英语语法:反义疑问句专项讲解

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word版-精品资料分享反义疑问句一、反义疑问句又叫附加疑问句。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1.陈述部分为肯定式+疑问部分为否定式(如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式)e.g.Shewasillyesterday,wasn’tshe?Tomdislikesthebook,doesn’the?2.陈述部分为否定式+疑问部分为肯定式(陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定或半否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定式。)e.g.Hecan’trideabike,canhe?Someplantsneverblown(开花),dothey?二、附加疑问句(一)主语的选择1.陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren"tI.I’mastallasyoursister,aren"tI?注:当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。如:  IfindEnglishveryinteresting,don’tyou?  Idon’tlikethatfilm,doyou?2.当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,someone,nobody,noone,somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they,亦可用he,如:  SomebodyphonedwhileIwasout,didn’tthey?  Everyoneenjoyedtheparty,didn’tthey?  Nobodywantstogothere,doeshe?3.当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything,nothing,anything,something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it,如:  Everythingseemsallrightnow,doesn’tit?  Nothingiskeptingoodorder,isit?  Somethingmustbedonetostoppollution,isn’tit?4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they,如:  Thisisimportant,isn’tit?  Thatisn’tcorrect,isit?  TheseareyourfriendsTomandJack,aren’tthey?5.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合下可以用you或he,如:  Onecan’tbetoocareful,canone?或canyou?  Oneshoulddohisduty,shouldn’the?分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享6.当陈述句为therebe结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如:  There’snohelpforit,isthere?  There’ssomethingwrong,isn’tthere?7.当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如:  ShesaysthatIdidit,doesn’tshe?  Itoldthemnoteverybodycoulddoit,didn’tI?但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think,believe,suppose,expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。  Isupposethathe’sseriousisn’the?  Idon’tthinkshecares,doesshe?8.当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如:  XiaoLinhasbeenwritinglettersallafternoonbutheshouldfinishthemnow,shouldn’the?9.在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分的主语一般用you。如:  Don’topenthedoor,willyou?  Givemesomecigarettes,canyou?  Takearest,whydon’tyou?但以let’s开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shallwe;以letus开头的祈使句,如果含义是allowus,不包括听话人在内,疑问部分用willyou。如:  Let’shaveabasketballmatchthisafternoon,shallwe?Letusgooutforarest,willyou?10.陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。如:  Learninghowtorepairmotorstakesalongtime,doesn’tit?  Betweensixandsevenwillsuityou,won’tit?  Wheretoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecided,hasit?(二)谓语动词的选择1.当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustn’t。如:  Youmustworkhardnextterm,mustn’tyou?  Imustanswertheletter,mustn’tI?但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构(即must之后的动词)以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如:  Youmusthavemadeamistake,haven’tyou?  Theymusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didn’tthey?  Hemustbeinthelibrary,isn’the?2.当陈述部分含有usedto时,疑问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t。如:  Theoldmanusedtosmoke,didn’t/usedn’the?  Tomusedtolivehere,usedn’t/didn’the?3.当陈述部分带有情态动词oughtto时,疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。如:  Heoughttoknowtheanswer,oughtn’the?Weoughttoreadthisbook,oughtn’t/shouldn’twe?4.当陈述部分含有情态动词dare或need时,疑问部分常用need/dare+主语。Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?但当dare,need为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do+主语。Shedoesn"tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?5.当陈述部分含有hadbetter时,疑问部分用hadn’t。如:You’dbetterfinishyourhomeworknow,hadn’tyou?6.感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否定形式。如:  Whatacleverboy,isn’the?Whatalovelyday,isn’tit?7.陈述句中的谓语动词是wish,表示愿望时,附加疑问句用may,且用肯定形式。如:IwishtohaveachancetolearnEnglish,mayI?8.当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have(has)时,疑问部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。如:Youhaveanewbike,haven’tyou(或don’tyou)?Shedoesn’thaveanymoneyinherpocket,doesshe?9.陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.),疑问部分常用don"t+主语(didn"t+主语)。如:Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don"twe?10.陈述部分有wouldrather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldn"t+主语。如:Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn"the?11.陈述部分有You"dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn"t+主语。如:You"dliketogowithme,wouldn"tyou?12.陈述部分由neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?13.在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如:  Oh,heisawriter,ishe?You’llnotgo,won’tyou?(三)反义疑问句的回答对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。例:—Helikesplayingfootball,doesn’the?他喜欢踢足球,是吗?—Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.是的,他喜欢。/不是,他不喜欢。当陈述句部分是否定结构,附加疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语的意思正好相反。这种回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。—Hissisterdidn’tattendthemeeting,didshe?他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?—Yes,shedid./No,shedidn’t.不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享反义疑问句练习1.Lindaatenothingthismorning,___?A.didn’tsheB.wassheC.didsheD.wasn’tshe2.There’shardly___milkinthebottle,_____there?A.no,isn’tB.some,isC.little,isn’tD.any,is3.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,___?A.doesheB.hasheC.hasn’theD.doesn’the4.—Heseldomcamehere,_____?—Yessir.A.didn’theB.doesheC.doesn’theD.didhe5.Everythingseemsallright,_____?A.doesitB.don’ttheyC.won’titD.doesn’tit7.Onecan’tbetoomodest,can_____?A.oneB.heC.itD.we8.Noonefailedintheexam,_____?A.washeB.didoneC.didtheyD.didn’the10.NeitheryounorIamaartist,_____?A.amIB.aren’tweC.areweD.ain’tI11.Hecan’tbeherfather,_____he?A.isB.isn’tC.canD.can’t12.Theyhavenotimetovisitthemuseum,_____?A.dotheyB.haven’ttheyC.don’ttheyD.willthey14.You’dbettergoatonce,_____you?A.hadn’tB.didC.didn’tD.don’t15.You’dratherworkthanplay,_____you?A.hadn’tB.wouldn’tC.didn’tD.mustn’t16.Youdarenotdothat,_____you?A.don’tB.doC.dareD.daren’t18.Hedislikesthetwosubjects,_____he?A.doesB.doesn’tC.isD.isn’t分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享19.Thesetoolsareuselessnow,_____?A.aretheyB.aren’ttheyC.isitD.isn’tit20.Heusedtogetupat6:30,_____he?A.didn’theB.didheC.usedheD.wouldn’the22.Heoughttowinthefirstprize,_______he?A.mustn’tB.oughtn’tC.shouldn’tD.BothBandC.23.Let’sgotherebybus,___?A.willyouB.shallweC.don’tyouD.willyou24.Letusgotoplayfootball,___?A.willyouB.shallweC.doweD.arewe25.Don’tforgettogivePollysomefoodandchangeherwater,___?A.willyouB.shallweC.won’tyouD.doyou26.—Let’sgoshoppingthisafternoon,_____?—Allright.A.willweB.shallweC.don’tweD.arewe27.—Passmethedictionary,_____?—Yes,withpleasure.A.wouldyouB.willyouC.won’tyouD.wouldn’tyou30.Thereislittlewaterintheglass,____?A.isn’tthereB.isn’titC.isitD.isthere32.Therewon’tbeanyconcertthisSaturdayevening,_____?A.willtherenotB.willthereC.isthereD.won’t33.—IguessshetaughtherselfJapanese,______?—Yes.A.don’tIB.didsheC.doID.didn’tshe34.Idon’tbelieveyouareright,_____?A.areyouB.doyouC.won’tyouD.do35.Shedoesn’tthinkthatTomsingsbestintheclass,_____?A.doessheB.doesn’tsheC.doesheD.doesn’the37.Iknowyoudidn’twanttohurtme,_____?A.didyouB.didn’tyouC.doID.don’tI38.Ifmyfatherwerehere,hewouldbeveryhappy,_____?A.weren’theB.wereheC.wouldn’theD.wouldhe分享精品资料