英语语法框架 详细总结 4页

word版-精品资料分享英语语法框架概述一、词法Ø数量：10大类Ø分类依据：形式特征、意义、句法作用词类定义例词实词Notionalword名词Noun表示事物名称的词Market,people,water,information代词Pronoun代替名词或名词所有格的词I,me,we,your,hers,all,nothing动词Verb表示动作或状态的词Are,do,go,eat形容词Adjective表示人或事物性质特征的词Young,fast,excellent副词Adverb表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词Very,well,always数词Numeral表示数目或顺序的词One,first,thousand虚词Emptyword冠词Article名词前，说明名词含义A,an,the介词Proposition名词或代词之间，表关系Of,to,after,连词Conjunction连接，“关节”之意And,but,if感叹词Injection情感态度的词Oh,ah,well二、句法Ø分类方法：按成分、按类别1.句子成分成分充当词例句主语subject——“谁”“什么”动作或状态的发出者名词人称代词物主代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词形容词不定式动名词从句NounPersonalpronounPossessivepronounDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounIndefinitepronounCardinalnumeralOrdinalnumeralAdjectiveInfinitiveGerundclauseThesungivesuslightandheat.Welovelife.Yourideaisgood,butmineisbetter.Thisismyfavoriteteacher.Whatisthemostimportantthinginyourlife?Nobodycanstopmestudying.Twoofyouaremybeststudents.Thesecondismysister.Theoldshouldbetakencareofinourcountry.Totalkiseasierthantodo.Helpingotherscanbringushappiness.Whatyoudidisbetterthanwhatyousaid.谓语predicate——主语的动作或状态实意动词联系动词NotionalverbLinkingverbWeplantoreviewourlessonsinthreemonths.WeareChinese.分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享宾语object——及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容名词人称代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词物主代词相互代词NounPersonalpronounReflexivepronounDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounInfinitivepronounPossessivepronounReciprocalpronounNowadaysmanyforeignersarelearningChinese.Hefoolsusall.Believeinyourself.Ithankyouwilllikethis.Whoareyouwaitingfor?Theygoteverythingtheywant.Heisanoldfriendsofhers.Weshouldlearntorespecteachother.宾语补足语objectcomplement——宾语之后，补充说明形容词副词名词介词短语不定式现在分词过去分词AdjectiveAdverbNounPrepositionalphraseInfinitivePresentparticiplePastparticipleThatnewswillmakemotherhappy.Letmeshowyouout.WechoseTomourmonitor.Jerryfoundhiminastrangeworld.DonotforcemetodoanythingIdon’tlike.Don’tkeepmewaitingtoolong.Theyranawayandlefttheworkunfinished.表语predictive——说明主语，“补足语”形容词副词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词介词短语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词从句AdjectiveAdverbDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounIndefinitepronounCardinalnumeralOrdinalnumeralPrepositionalphraseInfinitiveGerundPresentparticiplePastparticipleclauseThemountainsaregreen.Timeisup.WhatIwantisthis.Iwanderwhoyouare.Itisnothingserious.Twoplustwoisfour.Mymotherisalwaysthefirsttogetup.Thewatchisjustunderthetable.Myjobistocleantheroad.Hisbobbyiscollectingstamps.Theresultisdisappointing.Wearedisappointedtotheresult.ThatiswhatIQmeans.定语attribute——修饰名词或代词名词形容词副词物主代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词介词短语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词从句NounAdjectiveAdverbPossessivepronounDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounIndefinitepronounCardinalnumeralOrdinalnumeralPrepositionalphraseInfinitiveGerundPresentparticiplePastparticipleclauseHeworksinacarfactory.Nowtheworldisjustlikeasmallvillage.Thenativethereareveryfriendly.Theirinventionwontheworldprize.Thesewildplantsarewellprotected.Whichriveristhelongestintheworld?Bothhisparentsaredoctors.Theorganizationcontainseightcountries.Hewasthefifthplayertoreceivethehonor.Manysecretsinspaceremainunknown.SoIhavenothingtosayformyself.Iboughtawalkingstickformygrandfather.Tomgotinjuredbyafallingtree.Theyreachedanoldhousebuilt200yearsago.Thosewhodrinkwaterwillnotforgetthepeoplewhodigthewell.分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享状语adverbial——位置随意，修饰任意动词、副词、形容词从句、全句名词形容词副词不定式现在分词过去分词介词短语从句独立主格NounAdjectiveAdverbInfinitivePresentparticiplePastparticiplePrepositionalphraseClausenominativeabsolutestructureLiMingisoneyearoldthanI.Thetravelerscameback,safeandsound.Thesonoftenwritetohisparents.Motherwenttobuysomethinginthemarket.Hestoodup,lookingatthebosscoldly.Ledbythenatives,wefoundtheoldcastle.Fromthespacetheastronautsawablueglobe.Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.Weatherpermitting,wewillgofora同位语appositive——前名词、代词的具体内容名词代词数词从句NounPronounNumeralclauseMissWu,ourEnglishteacher,iskindtous.TheyeachhaveaPC.Ihavepreparedanicedinnerforyoutwo.We’vegotthenewsthatourteamwonthematch.1.句子类别Ø分类：按使用目的、按结构（1）按使用目的：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句类别例句陈述句Declarativesentence肯定句AssertivesentenceHisnamewasPangu.Shebegansearchingforthatsomething.否定句NegativesentenceIcannotagreewithyou.Itdoesn’tmatter.疑问句Questionsentence一般疑问句GeneralquestionDidItalywintheWorldCap?Isthatfilminteresting?特殊疑问句SpecialquestionWhatisyourname?Wherecanyoufindtheanswer、选择疑问句AlternativequestionAreyouateacherorastudent？Doyoulikecoffeeortea？反义疑问句DisjunctivequestionItisfineday,isn’tit?Nooneacceptedyouroffer,didthey?祈使句imperativesentenceDonottakeeverythingforgranted!Followme,please.感叹句exclamatorysentenceWhatagoodteacherheis!Howgoodateacherheis!分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享(2)按结构：简单句、并列句、复合句类别例句简单句simplesentence5种基本类型S+VIThesunrisesintheeast.S+VT+OManyfamilieskeeppets.S+V+CChinaisstilladevelopingcountry.S+VT+O1+O2Hesentmeane-mailyesterday.S+VT+O+CMygirlalwaysmakesmehappy.并列句CoordinatesentenceHelikestowatchTVbutIliketoreadbooks.Youcandoyourhomeworkfirstandthenyoucanplaywithyourfriends.复合句Complexsentence名词性从句Nounclause主语从句subject宾语从句object表语从句predicative同位语从句appositiveWhatyousaidistrue.Youknewthatbeautyshouldbenatural.ThatiswhenIstudied.Hemadeapromisethathewouldcomeback.状语从句Adverbialclause时间状语time条件状语condition原因状语cause目的状语purpose结果状语result地点状语place让步状语concession方式状语manner比较状语comparisonWehavefinishedtheworkbeforethecame.Ifitrains,wehavetostayathome.Shewasabsentbecauseshewasill.Helefthomeearlyinorderthathecouldwork.Tomwassotiredthathefellbehind.LucyfoundherMP3whereshelostit.ThoughIampoor,Iamhappy.DoitasIdo.YouarestrongerthanIam.定语从句attributiveclauseDoyouknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketball?ThisistheresultthatIwanted.Hopeisagoodthing,maybethebestofthings,andnogoodthingeverdies.希望是美好的，也许是人间至至美；美好的事物永不消逝。-肖申克的救赎分享精品资料