最全初中英语语法之-形容词副词教) 10页

形容词一淀义：用來修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。二.形容词的作用，见下表:作用例句定语Youcanseealotofbeautifulflowersinthegarden.表语Yourcoatistoosmall・宾语补足语Theoldwomankeepseverythingcleanandtidy.注意:有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone,afraid,asleep等。例如：Don"twakethesleepingbabyup.Heisasleep.Theoldmanisalone.形容词用来修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如You"dbettertellussomethinginteresting.Thepolicefoundnothingstrangeintheroom.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如:Hisgrandpastilllivesinthissmallshorthouse.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。ThewomanboughttwobeautifulChinescplates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich/poor;good/bad;young/old;healthy/ill;living/dead;black/white（表示人种等）。例如:Theyoungshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。Therichneverhelpthepoorinthiscountry.在这个国家，富人从來不帮助穷人。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如Theyarcthestudentseasytoteach.他们是很容易较的学生。Weliveinahousemuchlargerthanyours.我们住的房了比你们的人得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Didyouseeanybodyelse?你看到别的人了吗？三.以・ly结尾的形容词1）人部分形容词加・lymJ构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。改错:（错）（错）（対）（对）Shesanglovely.Hespoketomeveryfriendly・Hersingingwaslovely.Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.2）有些以・ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily,weekly,monthly.yearly,early等。TheTimesisaweeklypaper.《时代周刊》为周刊°TheTimesispublishedweekly.《时代周刊》每周发彳亍一期。副词 一•定义：副词主要用來修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。—.副词的位置：1）在实义动词Z前。2）在be动词、助动词Z后。3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在笫一个助动词后。注意:a.人多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句了平衡。例如：Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。b.方式副词well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。例如：HespeaksEnglishwell.他英语说得好。三.副词的排列顺序：1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如：Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.请写得慢一些，仔细一些3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意:副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。改错：（错）IverylikeEnglish.（对）IlikeEnglishverymuch.注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如：Idon"tknowhimwellenough.他我不熟悉。Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。I.兼有两种形式的副词 1)close与closelyclose意思是“近”；closely意思是”仔细地“。例如I：Heissittingclosetome.他就坐在我边上。Watchhimclosely.盯着他。2)late与latelylate意思是“晚“；lately意思是”最近“。例如：Youhavecometoolate.你來得太晚了。Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?近來好吗？3)deep与deeplydeep意思是“深“，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，”深深地”。例如：Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.老爸也被电影深深打动了。4)high与highlyhigh表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much。例如：Theplanewasflyinghigh.这架飞机飞得很高。1thinkhighlyofyouropinion.你的看法很有道理。5)wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是T广泛地”，“在许多地方”。例如:Heopenedthedoorwide.他把门开得人人的。Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.英语在【比界范围内丿"-泛使用。6)free与freelyfree的意思是"免费”；freely的意思是”无限制地”。例如：Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.无论什么吋候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。五.各种类型副词的位置英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同,它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。卜面來介绍一卜副词的分类方法:多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：Wearelivinghappily.我们幸福的生活着。Herunsslowly・他跑的很慢。 时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：Theywenttotheparkyesterdaymorning.昨天上午他们去公园了。IheardhimsingEnglishsongsoverthere.我听见他在那边唱英语歌Illi。Hedrovethejeepcarefully.他小心地开着吉普。有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。女n：YesterdayIgotuplate.昨天我起床很晚。频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前如：Heisseldomill.他很少生病。Youmustalwaysrememberthis.你一定要记住这一点。Ioftenwritetomyparents.我经常写信给父母。Doyouusuallygotoschoolonfoot.你经常走路去上学？HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从来没有去过北京。注意:有吋为了加强语气，频度副词也町放在句首。如：Sometimesshegoestoschoolbybusandsometimesshegoestoschoolbybike.有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：That"squiteearly.那很早。Inearlymissedthebus.我儿乎错过了公交车。Shedidratherbadly. 她干得相当糟。否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：Sheseldomgoesoutatnight.她晩上很少出门。Iamneverlateforschool.我上学从不迟到。Wehadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.火车离开时，我们差不多/几乎到了车站。疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：Whencanyoucome?你什么时候來？Howmanydaysarethereinamonth?一个月有多少天？Whatarcyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?长大以后，你打算干什么？Wherewereyouborn?你是在那里出牛的？Whydidn"thecome?他为什么没有来？同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：Themeetingwillbeheldintheclassroomtomorrow・明天会议将在教室里举行。HewatchedTVinhisroomlastnight.他作晚在房间里看电视。TheyarrivedinBeijingat8o"clocklastevening.他们昨犬晚上&00到达北京。注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：late,wide,well,fast,easy,early等Theroadissowidethat8busescangothrowitatatime.Openyourmouthwide.形容词副词练习 一.基础练习LIfIhad,IwouldvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC・aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenough2.Theseorangestaste・A.goodB・wellC・tobegoodD・tobewell3.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard•A.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoiceC.thebestvoiceD.abettervoice4・Iwouldbe,ifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.A.pleasantB.gratefulC.satisfiedD.helpful5.ThoseT-shirtsarcusually$35each,buttodaytheyhavea(an)priceof$19intheshoppingcenter-A・regularB・specialC.cheapD.oolinary6.MrSmithboughtapurseforhiswife・A.smallblackleatherB・blackleathersmallC.smallleatherblackD.blacksmallleather7.Howwasyourjobinterview?Oh,Icouldn"tfeel.1hardlyfoundproperanswerstomostofthequestionstheyasked・A.betterB.easierC.worseD・happier8.Longjingtea,JasmineteaandWuyiteaareallfamous,butwhichdoyouthink♦A・tastesbestB.smellsmostC.soundsbestD.drinksmostly9.CanLiHuahelpmewithmyEnglish?IregrettotellyouherEnglishisyours・A.asgoodasB・nomorethanC.nobetterthanD.asmuchas10.Althoughhesometimesloseshistemper,hisstudentslikehimforit.A.notsomuchB.notsolittleC・nomoreD.noless11・Whentheycamein,MrHarrislikeababy.Nobodywouldliketowakehimfromagooddream,becauseheneededrest.A.fellasleepB.wassoundasleepC.gotasleepD・wenttosleep12.Thisyeartheyhaveproducedgraintheydidlastyear.A.asless；asB・asfew；asC・1ess；thanD.fewer：than13.CanIhelpyou?Well,I"mafraidtheboxisheavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame. A.soB.muchC.veryD.too12.Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum?Ithoroughlyenjoyit.ItwasthanIexpected・A.farmoreinterestingB・evenmuchinterestingC.sofarinterestingD.alotmuchinteresting13.Wouldyoulikesomewine?YesJust•A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.littlebit14.Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain；it"sbyroad.A.quickB・thequickestC・muchquickD.quicker15.Iftherewerenoexaminations,wcshouldhaveatschool.A.thehappiesttimeB・amorehappiertimcC・muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime16.Tmsurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)trick.A.ordinaryB・easyC.smartD.simple17.Thesalesmanshowedherseveralbagsandshechoseoneasshedidn"twanttospendtoomuchmoneyonit.A.thelessexpensiveB.lessexpensiveC・theleastexpensiveD・leastexpensive18.boxcannotbeliftedbyaboyoffive.A.SoaheavyB.SoheavyaC・AsuchheavyD・Suchheavya二.提高练习1.Toplantthetree,wemustdig・A.athreefeetdeepholeB.three-foot-deepaholeC.aholethreefeetdeepD.athree-feet-deephole2.1thinkheisoneofthebestmenyou"vefound.A-neverB.alreadyC.everD.once3.theboy"sgrown!Heisalmosthisfather.A.What,astallasB.What,tallerthanC.How,astallasD.How,tallerthan4.1haven"tgotnailstomendthecupboard・Ineedanotherthreeofthem.A.enoughbigB.bigenoughC.muchbiggerD.manyenough5.Henryknowslittleofphysicsofchemistry.A.aswellasB.nolessthanC・andstillmoreD・andstillless6.—Thedishisdelicious!一Well,atleastifstheone1cookedyesterday.A.asbadasB・noworsethanC・aswellasD.nobetterthan 5.一Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforapicnic?—Yes.Youcouldn"thopeforatthistimeoftheyear.A.anicedayB.thenicedayC.anicerdayD・thenicestday6.ItmakesThomasnobetter,anditmakesyouA.bestB.goodC.wellD.worse7.Withthehelpofthenewequipment,ourfactoriesproducedVCDplayersin2000astheyearbefore.A.asmanyastwiceB・twicemorethanC・astwicemanyD.twiceasmany10.1hadinvited50gueststotheparty,butactuallytwicecame・A.morethanB.asmanyC・asmuchD.1essthan11・一Whydidn"tyougotothecinemalastnight?—Itwassomethinginteresting.A.farlessB.moreorlessC.muchmoreD.anyfurther12・ThepopulationofmanyAlaskancitieshasdoubledinthepastfiveyears.A.largerthanB.morethanC.asgreatlyasD.asmuchas13・一Thisisagoodplaceforapicnic.—Yes,itcouldn"tbe.A.betterB.bestC.worstD.worse14.—HowdoyoulikeyourteacherofEnglish?—Well,nooneteacheshere.A.wellB.poorlyC.bestD.better15.InthepoorpartsofAmerica"sbigcitiesthereisalotofcrime,.A.andmuchofitisseriousB・muchofitisseriousC・andmanymoreisseriousD.moreofitisserious16.一Doyoulikecats?—Ofcourse・Theyareakindofpet.Theycandomuchgoodfortheirmasters・A.betterthanB.morethanC.nomorethanD.nobetterthan17.Thenewly-builttheatreistheoldone.A.astwicebigasB.twicemorebiggerthanC.twicethesizeofD.twicesobigas18.fmafraidthatyourconclusionisfromcorrect.A.farB.freeC.differentD.short19.Thankyouverymuch.Itsofyou.A.kindestB.amostkindC.themostkindD.mostkind 14.Whoeverisneverwiththeprogresshehasmadewillbeasuccess.A.contentB・proudC・praisedD.enough参考答案1.A2.A3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.A9.C10.D5.B12.C13.D14.A15.Co用alittle表示“少许”。16.Do题意为“乘火车去那儿要花很长时间；乘汽车更快些。”17.Do题意为“假如没有考试的话，我们在学校就会更快乐。”暗含比较的意味，故选D。18.Do题意为“你竟然被这么一个简单的花招所骗，真令我吃惊。”trick“计谋,花招，诡计”。19.Co题意为“因为她不想花太多的钱买袋子，故挑了一个最便宜的。”20.Bo表示"如此重的箱子”可以用"soheavyabox"或asuchaheavybox"。二.1-10:CCCADBCDDB11-20:ABADABCADA