高三英语语法复习之情态动词的用法 5页

情态动词一modelverbs一.常用情态动词(括号内为过去式)：can(could)能，能够，可能，有时候会；shall(should)将会，将要，要不要，必须，必定；must(must)必须，一定，必定；oughtto=should应该；usedto过去经常；dare(dared)敢；may(might)可能，可以；will(would)将耍，愿意；need(need)需要；beableto能，能够;hadbetter最好是•注意：1)否定式直接在后面加not,但beableto的否定式是benotableto,usedto的否定式是usednotto/didn5tuseto,oughtto的否定式是oughtnotto。2)dare>need也做实义动词，后跟todo,此时有第三人称单数式darcs/doesrftdare、needs/doesn^dare,过去式dared/didrftdare、needed/didn^tneedo3)beabletodo可用于其他情态动词(除hadbetter,dare)之后,此时否定式加在beableto前面,如:willnotbeableto4)beableto表示有能力并且做了，而can表示有能力但不一定做。5)现在时间状态下，用情态动词的过去式比用现在式语气更委婉、更客气。6)现在时间状态下，表推测时过去式比现在式语气弱。二.功能与特征：功能：1)表示说话人的语气或情绪2)表示推测特征：1)情态动词有一定的含义(而另外三个助动词(have/be/do)没有意义)2)不能单独作谓语动词，必须和动词原形一起才能构成谓语3)有过去式，无人称和数的变化三•表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法：1)表示能力:can,could,beableto*beableto能用于各种时态，女Hwillbeabletodo;is/areabletodo,was/wereabletodo,wouldbeabletodo等，其屮was/wereableto表示"设法做成某事”，相当于managedtodosth./succeededindoingslh.ocan用于现在时态，could用于过去时态，翻译为“能”，还可表示“有时候会”。Mostlymyfatherisserious,butsometimeshecanbefunnytoo.大部分时候我爸爸都是很严肃的，但有时候他也会很有趣。1.Acomputerthinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.canlB.couldn"tC.maynotD.mightnot2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto3.Theywillrunthismachineontheirowninthreemonths・A.canB.couldC.mayD.beableto4.Thatbigcinemaseat2、000people.A.canB・shouldC.oughttoD.isableto2)表示许可：may/might，can/could*might,could比较委婉，一般多用于疑问句.*can,may表达的语言比较随便.*在以could,might表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，冋答应分别使用can,may.5・一CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou・ A.mightB.willC.canD.should6.—MightIwatchTVaftersupper?—Yes,you・A.mayB.mustC.mightD・can四.表示否定的情态动词的用法：mustn"t不准，禁止；needn"t没必要（=don,thaveto）,can"t不能；不可能；maynot不可以；可能不;shouldn"t不应该（=oughtnotto）7.Youreturnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike・A.can，tB.mustn"tC・needrftD.maynot&Johnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.won"t;carftB・mustn^t;mayC・shouldn"t;mustD.can"t;shouldn"t9.・-Willyoustayforlunch?・-Sorry,.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn"tB.Ican%C.Ineedn"tD.Iwon410.—MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?一.A.No,youneedn"tB.Not,pleaseC・No,youmustn"tD・No,youwon"t五.情态动词shall,will的多种意义：1）过去式为should,would.2）shall可表示必须、命令、承诺、警告或征询意见。Ishallnotgiveyouwhatyouneedifyoudon"tbehaveyourself•（承诺）Youshallpayforwhatyouhavedone•（警告）shall用在主语是第一和第三人称的疑问句屮时，表示征求对方的允诺；ShallIopenthewindow?Shallhecomeinorwaitoutside?3）will可表示意愿、经常/习惯的动作，在疑问句中表示请求和建议。…Thephoneisringing.…Fllgetit•（意愿）Everyweekendwewillgoshoppinginthedowntown.（经常的动作）will用在主语是第二人称的疑问句中时，表示请求、建议或征询意见。Wouldyoupassthesalt,please?（请求）Willyougowithme?（征询意见）11.Hebepunishedifhedisobeys.（如果他不服从，就要受到惩罚。）12.Wedon"thavetoquarrelifyouletmespeak.（只要你让我说话，我们根本就不会吵架.）13・-Sir,hegoorstay?-Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.could14.Thedooropen.（这门经常打不开.）15.Ronaldstayinhissmallgardenforalongtimeeverydayinthepast.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.would16.YouhavethebookafterIreadit.（我看完以后一定把这本书给你.）六.情态动词短语的使用：宁愿做：wouldliketodo.••/wouldratherdo.../wouldrather+sb.+didsth./wouldprefertodo...最好做：hadbetterdo...改错： 14.Wouldyoulikehavingsometea?15.Fdprefergoingtothelecturethisevening・16.Fdratheryoutogotothemeeting.17.Hewouldrathertodiethantogivein.21・You，dbettertohaveyourhaircuttoday. 七.表示推测一一情态动词的重要用法:情态动词对将来对现在对过去肯定的推测must+V.常见mustbe+V・+bedoing+havedone对能的推测may,mightcould+V.可以丿+V.+bedoing书not表示“町+hcan>may>could>might表推测吋，must的否定形式是can^oHeisathome.（事实）Hemustbeathome.（非常肯定的推断）Hecouldbeathome.（很可能）Heoughttobeathome.（很可能）Hemaybeathome.（仅仅可能而已）Hemightbeathome.（或许，非常不确定）Hemightnotbeathome.（也许不在家）Hemaynotbeathome・（比might可能）HecouldnJtbeathome.（很可能不在家）Hecantbeathome.（—定不在家），soIhavebroughtyousomebooks・D.mustC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelostC.shouldD・shouldhavebeenHeisn"tathome.（事实）22.1thoughtyoulikesomethingtoreadA.mayB.mightC・would23.Whereismypen?Iit.A.mightloseB・wouldhavelost24.1didn"thearthephone・Iasleep・A.mustbeB.musthavebeen25.—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.——Itacomfortablejourney.A.can"tbeB.shouldn"tbeC.mustn"thavebeenD・couldn^thavebeen26.Itsnearlyseveno"clock・Jackbehereatanymoment.A.mustB・needC・shouldD.could 八.用于虚拟语气的情态动词：should/oughttohavedone本应该做（但事实上没做）shouldn^/oughtn"ttohavedone本來不应该做（但事实却做了）might/couldhavedone本來Xf以做（但事实上没做）needifthavedone本来不需要做（但事实却做了）27.1wasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.D.needn"tleaveA.mustn"tleaveB.shouldn"thaveleftC.couldn"thaveleft28.Therewasalotoffunatyesterday^party.Youcome,butwhydidn^tyou?A.musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD・oughttohave29.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.…Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB・couldstayC・wouldstayD.musthavestayed30.1toldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIforher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC・shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout九.情态动词的应答：31.…ShallItellJohnaboutit?…No,you.Tvetoldhimalready.A.needn"tB.wouldn"tC.mustn^tD・shouldn"t此句的关键是“I"vetoldhimalready",由此可见，你就不必再对他说了。32.CouldIcallyoubythefirstname?-一Yes,you.A.willB.couldC.mayD.might在回答“Couldl…”这类婉客气的请求时，只能回答“Yes,youcan或may”。不能用could或mighto33.―Willyoustayforlunch?—Sorry,.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn^tB.Ican^tC・InecdiftD.Iwoift因为"Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.”，所以我不能在这儿吃饭。34.——Writetomewhenyougethome.——・A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican在回答对方的请求或命令时，应该用“Yes,Iwill.”，表示愿意。十.情态动词其他用法：may/might...aswell还是的好，may/mightwell完全可以Youmay/mighttellyourbossbeforeleavingaswell.—whyismynameontheblackboardagain?—Youmay/mightwellaskthemonitor.答案：1-10ADDACACBBC11shall,12will,13B,14won"t,15D,16shall,17having一tohave,18going一togo,19togo—went,20todie一die,21去掉to22-30.BDBDCBDAC31-34.ACBC