高中英语语法专题复习--状语从句(高考必备) 64页

状语从句 知识梳理 一、状语从句的类型及连词从句类型常见连词补充时间状语从句when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till /until,assoonas,since,once,bythetime,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when,...everytime,themoment,theminute,immediately也可引导时间状语从句 从句类型常见连词补充地点状语从句where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere,...原因状语从句because,since,as,for,nowthat,...seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat也可引导原因状语从句 从句类型常见连词补充目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,...谓语动词前常带有情态动词；incase,forfear(that)也可引导目的状语从句结果状语从句sothat,so...that,such...that,... 从句类型常见连词补充条件状语从句if,unless,so /aslongas,onlyif,provided,...if不能用whether替换；onconditionthat,suppose /supposing(that)也可引导条件状语从句 从句类型常见连词补充让步状语从句although,though,evenif  /though, as...由疑问词+ever构成的复合词，“nomatter+疑问词”以及whether...or也可引导让步状语从句。 从句类型常用连词补充方式状语从句as,asif/though,...theway,ratherthan也可引导方式状语从句程度状语从句so(that),suchthat,as /sofaras,as /solongas,...tothedegree /extent(that)也可引导程度状语从句比较状语从句than,as 二、引导状语从句的单词或短语1.when1)when引导时间状语从句时，从句的动作既可与主句的动作同时发生，也可先后发生。如：WhenthefamilycameherefromRussia,theywerepenniless.Whenthemealwasfinished,Rachelwashedup. 2)when可以引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。如：Howcanweexplainittoyouwhenyouwon"tlisten? 2.while1)while引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词（如work,stay,wait,live等）。如：Pleasedon"ttalksoloudlywhileothersareworking. 2)while引导让步状语从句时，相当于although/though。while和although引导的让步状语从句不用倒装语序，though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装。如：While /Although /ThoughIwasn"tcompletelysure,Ithoughthe"dbeendrinking.Strangethoughitmayseem,Ilikehousework. 3.until和till1)until和till都表示“直到”，常可互换，但till一般不用于句首，也不用于强调句中。2)until/till从句与肯定的主句连用时，主句的谓语必须是延续性动词，表示主句的动作一直持续到until/till所表示的时间为止。如：You"lljusthavetowaituntiltheycallyourname.Neilremainedtheretillhisbrotherarrived. 3)until/till从句与否定的主句连用时，主句的谓语是非延续性动词，表示“直到……才”，即主句的动作到until/till所表示的时间才开始。如：Leodidn"tcomeuntilJameshadgoneoverhislesson.Oncehestartsadecoratingjobhewon"tstopuntilit"sfinished. 4)notuntil引导的从句位于句首时，主句须部分倒装。如：NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealisehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.5)notuntil结构可用于强调句中。如：Itwasnotuntilshecametoseeusthatweknewhermotherwasillinbed. 4.as1)as引导时间状语从句时，表示“当……时，随着”。如：Justasthetwomenwereleaving,amessagearrived.2)as引导原因状语从句时，一般放在句首，表示十分明显的原因。如：Asitisraining,weshallnotgocamping. 3)as引导让步状语从句时，通常用倒装结构。具体情况如下：a.“形容词+as+主语+系动词”或“副词+as+主语+实义动词”。如：Poorashewas,hewashonest.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon"tbuyit.b.名词+as+主语+系动词（句首的名词前多不带冠词）。如：Childasheis,heknowsalot. c.实义动词+as+主语+助动词（如果没有助动词，则要加上do,does或did）。如：Tryasshewould,Suecouldn"tgetthedooropen.4)as引导方式状语从句时，意为“如，像，按照”。如：Hedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad. 5)as引导比较状语从句时，常用于as...as...和notso/as...as...结构中。如：Theywantpeaceasmuchaswedo.Ican"trunasfastasIusedto. 5.nosooner...than和hardly...whennosooner...than和hardly...when意为“一……就……，刚……就……”。主句一般用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。nosooner,hardly位于句首时，主句的主谓语要部分倒装。如：Thewordshadnosoonerbeenspokenthanherealisedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent. Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwegottothestationthanthetrainleft.Hardlyhadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop. 6.so...that和such...that二者均意为“如此……以致于”，so后面接形容词或副词，such后面接名词。名词前有many,much,few,little这些词修饰时，要用so。“such+a(n)+ adj.+单数可数名词+that”可转换成“so+ adj. +a(n)+单数可数名词+that”。如： TherearesomanygoodbooksinthatbookstorethatIcanhardlyknowwhattobuy.Itissuchabigjob/sobigajobthatwe"llhavetobeverycareful. 7. “疑问词+ever”构成的复合词与“nomatter+疑问词”“疑问词+ever”构成的复合词可以引导让步状语从句，在口语中可用“nomatter+疑问词”代替。如：We"redeterminedtohaveawonderfulholiday,howevermuch/nomatterhowmuchitcosts.Whatever/Nomatterwhatyoudo,don"tpressthatbutton! 常见考点在含状语从句的复合句中，主、从句通常根据实际时间关系来确定动词的时态，但有一点需要注意：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或由“疑问词-ever”、“nomatter+疑问词”等引导的让步状语从句中，可以用一般现在时表将来。下面就状语从句考点进行归纳总结。 一、时间状语从句【考例】Itwasthemiddleofthenight_____myfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.(江西2014)A.thatB.asC.whichD.whenD 二、地点状语从句where在地点状语从句中，除了指地点外，还可指处境等。由where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示（抽象）地点或处所的名词作先行词，而状语从句前没有先行词。 1.______heoncefeltlikegivingup,henowhasthedeterminationtopushfurtherandkeepongoing.(2015·安徽)A.WhereB.AsC.IncaseD.Nowthat句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在下定决心去争取进步继续前行。A.那里；B.尽管，当，因为，随着;C.以防；D.既然。where表示地点，引导地点状语从句；as引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即triedashehas;incase表目的；nowthat表原因。这里指让他感到想放弃的地方，故选A。A 2.Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn’tgetataxi_____thebushaddroppedher.(2014重庆)A.untilB.whenC.althoughD.whereD 三、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的常用连词有because,since,as,now(that)等。它们的用法区别是：because语气最强，述说直接原因，说明因果关系，常回答以why开头的问句；since,as和now(that)引导的从句用法相似，表示双方都知道的原因。 四、让步状语从句【考例】_____theforestparkisfaraway,alotoftouristsvisititeveryyear.(北京2014)A.AsB.WhenC.EventhoughD.IncaseC 五、目的状语从句【考例】Cathyhadquitherjobwhenhersonwasborn_____shecouldstayhomeandraiseherfamily.(浙江2014)A.nowthatB.asifC.onlyifD.sothatD 六、结果状语从句so...that和such...that表示“如此……以致于”,so后面接形容词或副词，such后面接名词。但名词前有many,much,few,little这些词修饰时,要用so。“such+a(n)+adj.+单数名词+that”可转换成“so+adj.+a(n)+单数名词+that”。 七、条件状语从句【考例】Youwillnevergainsuccess_____youarefullydevotedtoyourwork.(湖南2014)A.whenB.becauseC.afterD.unlessD 八、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的常用连词有as,asif/though。asif/though引导的状语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的假设。如果从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是事实时，就要用陈述语气。 九、比较状语从句含as...as...的比较状语从句用在同级比较中,若表否定用notso/as...as...。其中第一个so/as是副词,修饰主句的形容词或副词的原形，后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。 I.选用括号内合适的内容填空。Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusic________(because,unless)ithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday.（北京2016）2.________(Since,While)onlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.（浙江2016）高考链接becauseWhile 3.Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,__________(aslongas,eventhough)he"sinhisnineties.（北京2016）4.________(Once,Although)thedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.（北京2015）5.Itwasthemiddleofthenight________(that,when)myfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.（江西2014）eventhoughOncewhen 6.Themeaningoftheword“nice”changedafewtimes________(before,after)itfinallycametoincludethesense“pleasant”.（安徽2014）7.Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn"tgetataxi________(when,where)thebushaddroppedher.（重庆2014）8.Cathyhadquitherjobwhenhersonwasborn________(nowthat,sothat)shecouldstayhomeandraiseherfamily.（浙江2014）beforewheresothat 9.Youwillnevergainsuccess________(when,unless)youarefullydevotedtoyourwork.（湖南2014）10.Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,________(though,as)historycannotbechanged.（江苏2014）unlessthough Ⅱ.选择填空。1.Youwon’tfindpapercuttingdifficult_____youkeeppracticingit.(2015·北京）A.evenifB.aslongasC.asifD.eversince句意：只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。A即使，虽然；B只要；C犹如，好像；D自从。结合句意，故选B。B 2.Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblem______wecansolveit.(2015·天津)A.whileB.afterC.beforeD.as句意：在我们解决问题前，我们需要找到问题的根源。A当……时候，而；B.在……之后；C在……之前；D正如。由句意可知选C。C 3.______scientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldon"tknow.(2015·安徽)A.OnceB.SinceC.ThoughD.Unless句意：尽管科学家对宇宙已经了解了许多，但是有许多我们仍然不能知晓的东西。A一旦；B既然，自从；C虽然；D除非。once和unless表示条件，since表示原因或时间；though表示让步或转折。这里是转折含义，故选C。C 4.______thejobtakesasignificantamountoftime.moststudentsagreethattheexperienceisworthit.(2015·湖南)A.IfonlyB.AfterC.AlthoughD.IncaseA.Ifonly要是……该多好啊(ifonly常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”等)C B.After在……之后(用作连词是词，它引导的时间状语从句如果具有将来意义，往往要用一般现在时来表示(有时也用现在完成时)，而不能直接用一般将来时)C.Although虽然(表示“虽然”时，不要根据汉语习惯，在后面使用连词but,不过有时它可与yet,still,nevertheless等副词连用)D.Incase万一，假使(引导条件状语从句)；句意：虽然那个工作要花大量的时间，但是许多学生都觉得这种经历是值得的。故选C。 5.Thereisonlyonemoredaytogo______yourfavoritemusicgroupplaylive.(2015·四川)A.sinceB.untilC.whenD.before选项A.意为自从；选项B.意为直到；选项C.意为当……时；选项D.意为在……之前。根据句意选择D。句意：就剩一天时间，你最喜欢的乐队将会来现场表演。D 专项练习I.选用括号内合适的内容填空。1.Ihaveheardalotofstoriesaboutyou________(since,until)Icamebackfromthecity.2.Youcan"ttravelonthistrain________(unless,if)youhaveareservation.3._________(Whatever,Whenever)Ihavetogivealecture,IgetextremelynervousbeforeIstart.sinceunlessWhenever 4.Theicewas_______(so,as)thickthattherewasnodangeroftheskatersfallingthrough.5.Theywereplayinginthegarden________(when,while)theyheardascream.6.Iwillshowyouhowtopreparethisdish________(if,so)youcanprepareitforyourfamily.7.Hehas________(such,so)highmarksthathehasappliedforascholarship.sowhensosuch 8.Thewomanwalkedoutoftheroom________(before,until)Ihadachancetoexplain.9.Much________(as,while)Ilikethesnow,itisgoodtogetbacktosomewarmweather.10.CharlesneedstolearnFrench________(since,although)hiscompanyisopeningabranchinParis.beforeassince 11.Mysisterstayedatworklate________(inthat,sothat)shecouldcompletethereport.12.__________(Assoonas,Aslongas)sheenteredtheroom,sheknewtherewassomethingwrong.sothatAssoonas II.选用合适的短语填空。inorderthat,asthough,nowthat,incase,aslongas,evenif1._________wekeepplayingwell,we"llkeepwinninggames.2.Shestaredatme________Iwereacompletestranger.3.________thekidshavelefthomewe"vegotalotofextraspace.AslongasasthoughNowthat inorderthat,asthough,nowthat,incase,aslongas,evenif4.She"sgoingtohaveproblemsfindingajob________shegetsherAlevels.5.Themanworeglassesandafalsebeard___________nobodywouldrecognizehim.6.Allthesoldiershadtotaketheirmaskswiththem________therewasagasattack.evenifinorderthatincase III.用适当的连词填空。1.________thebathroomwindowbrokeIwashavingashower.2.Ihadnosoonergottowork________mybosscalledmeuptohisoffice.3.Itallhappenedsoquickly________Inevergotagoodlookathisface.4.Scottjoinedthearmysoonafterhis18thbirthday,just________hisbrotherdid.Whenthanthatas 5.Youneedtothinktwice________youmakeadecision.6.Theshopkeepersaysthatshe"llhavetoclosetheshop________businessimproves.beforeunless IV.根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。1.____________________________(随着年龄的增长),youwillgrowwiser.2.Hewillneverpasstheexamination____________________________(除非他努力学习).3._____________________(无论她到哪儿),therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.AsyougrowolderunlesshestudieshardWherevershegoes 4.Hehas_____________________________/_____________________________(如此有趣的发型)thathegetsalotofattentionwhilewalkinginthestreet.5.Sheleavesherbedroomwindowopen,____________________________(无论天气多么冷).suchaninterestinghairstylehowevercolditissointerestingahairstyle V.选用合适的内容完成对话。because,when,sothat,assoonas,althoughOmar:I"msorryI"mnotheretotakeyourcall.PleaseleaveamessageafterthetoneandI"llcallyou1.________Igethome.Martha:Hello,Omar,it"sMartha.I"mafraidIhavetocancelourmeetingtomorrow.Myfather"sjustphonedtosaymymother"sbeentakenill.2.________itsoundsquiteserious,I"llhavetotaketimeofftogoandseeher.assoonasBecause because,when,sothat,assoonas,although3.________Imaybeawayforafewdays,IhavemylaptopwithmewhileI"mthere4.________Icandosomework.5.________yougetthechance,givemearingandwe"llsortoutanothertimetomeet.Byefornow.AlthoughsothatWhen VI.选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。ManypeoplehavecometoAmericaforfreedom.ButAfricanslosttheirfreedomandwerebroughttoAmericaagainsttheirwilltoworkinthefields.AfricansweretakenfromtheirhomesandputonslaveshipstocrosstheAtlantic.1.________(As,When)conditionswerehard,manydiedalongtheway.2.________(Because,Although)theyworkedhardfrommorningtillnight,AsAlthough theyreceivednomoney.Infact,theywereoftenbeaten3.________(if,unless)theydidn"tobey.Theywereforcedtoworkhard4.________(sothat,nowthat)whiteplantationownerscouldbecomerich.5.________(Because,Though)manypeopleintheNorthwereagainstslavery,slaverycontinuedintheSouth6.________(since,if)Southernslaveownersdidnotwanttogiveuptheircheaplaborsupply.ifsothatThoughsince 7.___________(Eventhough,Asthough)thelawprohibitedtheimportationofslaves,slaverycontinuedtoincrease.Difficult8.________(although,as)livingunderslaverywas,slavesformedstrongcommunities.TheytriedtokeeptheirAfricanculturalpractices,whichincludedmusicanddance.9.________(Because,When)peoplefromthesameregionsinAfricawereseparatedfromeachother,theylosttheirnativelanguagesandweregivenbiblicalnamesratherthanAfricannames.EventhoughasBecause MostoftheAfricanAmericansintheNorthwerefree.However,theydidn"thaveaneasylife.10.________(Unless,Until)theslaveswerefinallyfreedin1865,theystillfacedmanydifficulties.InspiteofthefactthatthemajorityofAfricansbythattimewereborninAmerica,theysuffereddiscriminationbecauseofthecoloroftheirskin.Until Congresspassedalawprohibitingdiscriminationinjobsandeducationin1965.11.________(Unless,Although)therehasbeenprogresstowardequalityforall,therearestillmanyinequalitiesinAmericanlife.Although