初中英语语法专项—介词 6页

初中英语语法专项——介词（Preposition）介词(prep.)：介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分。其后面一般有名词、代词（宾格）或相当于名词的其他词类、短语作它的宾语。介词与动词、名词、形容词常有比较固定的搭配。一、介词种类1.简单介词：at,in,on,about,off,across,before,after,beside,for,to,of,over,past等。2.复合介词：into,inside,onto,without,outside,becauseof,infrontof,outof,insteadof,alongwith,accordingto等。二、用法区别1.at,on,in(1)at+钟点atsixo’clock【固定搭配】atnoon/night，attheendof，atthebeginningof，attheageof(2)on+具体某一天及某天的早午晚/星期/一般的节日onJune2nd,2007在2007年6月2日onFridayonFridayafternoononthenightofOctober22ndonTeachers’DayonChristmasDay/atChristmasonarainyday在雨天(3)in+月份/季节/年及泛指的早午晚in2007inMarch,2007inthemorning/afternoon/eveninginspring/summer/autumn/winter6 ✎练一练：1—4ABBB1.MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveinParis___themorningofJuly9.A.onB.inC.at2.Thetwinswereborn___aFridayevening.A.inB.onC.at3.WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived___5o’clock___themorning.A.on;inB.at;inC.at;in4.Wefinishourlessons___11:30andthenhavearest___noon.A.in;inB.at;atC.in;at2.in,at,onarrivein+大地方arriveat+小地方onafarm在农场表示“在某地”时，at+小地方，in+大地方，on+门牌/某层楼onthefifthfloor在第五层楼athome在家atthebusstop在汽车站inChina在中国intheworld在世界上3.in,on,to（表示方位）in表示在某一地区之内（属于该范围）。（包含）on表示与某一地区的毗邻关系，互相接壤。（相切）to表示在某一地区之外，不接壤的某方位（不属于该范围）。（相离）✎练一练：1—2BB1.Chinalies___theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,toC.to,in2.Mongoliais___thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.to6 4.between,amongbetween在……之间（两者）between…and…among在……之间（三者或以上）eg.Thehousestandsbetweentwofarms.这座房子位于两个农场之间。Thehousestandsamongfarms.这座房子位于农场之间。5.inthetree,onthetree　inthetree指动物或人（外来物）在树上onthetree指果实、树叶等长在树上eg.Theapplesareontheappletrees.Thebirdsaresinginginthetree.6.across,throughacross强调穿过某一个平面/指从一端到另一端(street…)through强调穿过某一立体的空间(forest,city…)eg.Wewalkedthroughtheforest.Iswamacrosstheriver.(这里指人从河这边游到对岸。)7.over(反义词under),above(反义词below),on(反义词beneath)over指在某物体垂直上方，但不与该物体直接接触，其反义词是under。above指在上方的任意一点，不一定是垂直的正上方，不接触，其反义词是below。on表示“在……上面”，且互相接触，其反义词是beneath。✎练一练：1—3BAA1.Look!Thereisabridge___theriver.A.onB.overC.above2.Canyouseetheegg___theplate?A.onB.inC.over3.Thelight___usisverybright.A.overB.underC.on6 9.in,with,by（表示手段、方式）in+语言What’sthisinEnglish?in+颜色穿……颜色的衣服inblack穿着黑色的衣服with用具体的工具或方法/用身体的某一部位或器官by使用的方法、手段eg.WelearnEnglishbyusingit.MayIwritewithapencil?Teacherswriteontheblackboardwithchalk.10.infrontof与inthefrontofinfrontof在……前面，表示在某一空间外部的前面inthefrontof在……前部，表示在某一空间内部的前面eg.Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.教室前有一些树。Don’tsitinthefrontofthecar.不要坐在小汽车的前部。11.bemade的常见结构bemadein在某地制造bemadeof由……制成（可以看出原材料）bemadefrom由……制成（看不出原材料）bemadeinto被制成……bemadeafter仿照……制成bemadeupof由……制成12.beused的常见结构beusedtodosth./beusedfordoingsth.被用来做……beusedas被当作……来用13.but,except,besides除……之外but与except同义，指从整体中排除一部分人或物（不包括宾语后的）6 ，表示排除，但but多用在every,any,no等和由这些词构成的复合词如everything,anywhere,nobody等词以后及all,none之后。besides除……之外（其他的也；还有），其后的宾语被包括在整体之内。eg.Theyareallgonebutme.除我之外，他们都去了。AlltheboyswenttoplayfootballexceptJim.除吉姆以外，所有男孩都去踢足球了。（吉姆没有去）Besideshiswife,hisdaughteralsowenttoseehim.除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他（即妻子女儿都去看过他）。三、不需要介词的词1.home,downtown,uptown,inside,outside,downstairs,upstairs,here,thereeg.Grandmawentupstairs.Romawenthome.Shecameinside.2.表示时间的介词at,on,in的省略在next,last,this,these,today,yesterday,tomorrow,one,every,each,all等词前，一般不用at,in,on。eg.WearegoingtotheparknextSunday.3.在某些名词词组前，可以省略(也可不省)eg.(on)thatday【课堂练习】：1.WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived_______5o’clock______themorning.   A.on;in B.at;in C.at;on D.in;on2.JackhasstudiedChineseinthisschool_______theyearof2000.   A.since B.in C.on D.by3.HongKongis______thesouthofChina,andMacaois______thewestofHongKong.6    A.in;to B.to;to C.to;in D.in;in4.Japanlies______theeastofChina.   A.to B.in C.about D.at5.Iwon’tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycanreadfivethousandwords______Ihavetestedhimmyself.   A.after B.when C.if D.until6.Thebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehours______herealizedit.   A.when B.until C.after D.before7.Look＿＿＿themap＿＿＿China＿＿＿thewall,please.Aafter,of,inBat,of,inCafter,in,onDat,of,on8.-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-Isee.I"llcome＿＿＿Saturdayevening.AinBatConDfor9.Theywillhaveamathstest＿＿＿twodaysAforBatCinDafter10.Mybrotherjoinedthearmy＿＿＿A1989，MarchBinMarch，1989CMarch，1989D1989，inMarch11.It"s good manners to wait ＿＿＿ line       A in       B on       C at        D with 【课后作业】1.Wehadourbreakfast＿＿＿aquarter＿＿＿sevenA/，toBin，toCat，toDon，to2.It"sgoodmannerstowait＿＿＿lineAinBonCatDwith3.HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt＿＿＿lastterm?AbytheendofBattheendofCtotheendofDtilltheendof4.Iwasborn＿＿＿thenight＿＿＿September15，1978Ain，onBat，onCat，inDon，of5.It"sabadmannertolaugh＿＿＿peoplewhentheyare＿＿＿troubleAover，inBat，inCin，atDat，for6.Thepeople"sRepublicofChinawasfounded＿＿＿1949AwithBonCsinceDin7.Hearrived_____Guangzhou____noon.A.in;inB.to;atC.in;atD.at;in8.Theywork_____asmallfarm_____ariver.A.on;byB.at;onC.by;onD.in;in6